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Impacted mandibular third molar extraction is one of the most frequent procedures performed in the field of oral surgery. Oral surgeons sometimes face cases that cannot be extracted using the conventional procedure because of atypical tooth structure or irregular tooth position in the mandible. Here, we report an unusual impacted third mandibular molar with atypical root form, which was extracted by buccal cortex osteotomy of the mandibular ramus. A 42-year-old Japanese female presented with a complaint of discomfort in the left molar region. Radiographical examination showed an impacted third molar with a mushroom-like root overlapping the mandibular canal. This lesion was radiographically diagnosed as cemental hyperplasia. The tooth could not be extracted using the conventional procedure, and buccal cortex osteotomy was applied. Briefly, bones necessary for extraction were removed once from the mandibular ramus. After extraction, the bony fragment was repositioned in the original position. The patient experienced no postoperative complications such as nerve paralysis, mandibular angle fracture, and infections. Buccal cortex osteotomy is a simple and easy technique to extract impacted mandibular third molars that cannot be extracted by conventional methods.

An internal radiator made of a carbon wire is employed to produce bremsstrahlung-photon beams for meson photoproduction experiments from circulating electrons in a synchrotron at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University. The horizontal electron-beam size at the radiator location is determined from the decay rate of the resultant photon intensity as a function of the distance between the fixed position of the radiator and the centroid of the electron beam. The horizontal beam size at the radiator location is determined to be 0.74 mm with a statical error less than 0.01 mm for 1.3-GeV circulating electrons. The horizontal correlation between the position and momentum direction of the electron beam is also measured. The horizontal size and correlation are well-reproduced by the design values of the parameters of the synchrotron.

A transmittance monitor has been developed for the second tagged-photon beamline at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Japan. In this beamline, an internal radiator is employed to produce the bremsstrahlung photon beam out of circulating electrons in a synchrotron. The transmittance, which is defined as the probability of finding a photon coming to the target position when an electron is detected with a photon-tagging counter, should be determined to deduce cross sections for photo-induced reactions. The developed monitor consists of a telescope of thin plastic scintillators with a positron and electron converter, and a dedicated circuit implemented in a field-programmable gate array chip. The transmittance can be measured with this monitor for high-intensity photon beams corresponding to 20 MHz tagging signals. The measured transmittance is found to be constant with respect to the photon intensity for each photon-tagging channel.

We have developed a charge-to-time converting (QTC) leading-edge discriminator for plastic-scintillator signals, which is packaged in a NIM-standard double-width module. The pulse width of the discriminator output is approximately proportional to the charge integration of input signals up to 40–50 pC. The non-linearity is 20%, 10%, 4%, and 2% at maximum for the input charges below 7 pC, for 7–10 pC, for 10–20 pC, and above 20 pC, respectively, for the minimum input charges larger than 2 pC. The discriminator could be suitable in the measurement of the timing and charge of plastic-scintillator signals together with a multi-hit time-to-digital converter (TDC) module.

An electromagnetic calorimeter, BGOegg, composed of 1320 BGO crystals, has been constructed at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University to study the structure of hadrons in detail using photo-induced reactions. The design of the new electromagnetic calorimeter and the basic characteristics of the manufactured BGO crystals are described. A performance test has been conducted for the prototype, which consists of 25 crystals arranged in a 5×5 matrix, using positron beams at energies ranging from 100 to 800 MeV. The obtained energy resolution is ( σ E / E ) 2 = ( 0.63 % ) 2 + ( 1.15 % ± 0.04 % ) 2 / ( E / GeV ) + ( 0.42 % ± 0.03 % ) 2 / ( E / GeV ) 2 at room temperature. The energy resolution corresponds to 1.38 % ± 0.05 % for 1-GeV positrons. The position resolution is found to be σ r / mm = ( 3.07 ± 0.03 ) ( E / GeV ) − 0.202 ± 0.008 which corresponds to an angular resolution of approximately 1 ° for 1-GeV positrons.

An electromagnetic calorimeter complex, FOREST, has been constructed for meson photoproduction experiments at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University. It consists of three types of calorimeters, which are made of pure cesium-iodide crystals, lead scintillating-fiber modules, and lead glass Cherenkov counters. Each calorimeter is equipped with a plastic scintillator hodoscope to identify charged particles. The design and performance of FOREST are described. The energy responses of test calorimeters have been investigated by using 100–800 MeV positron beams. The energy resolutions of the three calorimeters are found to be approximately 3%, 7%, and 5% for 1-GeV photons, respectively. A cryogenic hydrogen/deuterium target system fitted to the FOREST experiments and a newly developed data acquisition system are also presented.

A fast beam-profile monitor has been developed for high-energy photon beamlines at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University. The position of the photon converted into an electron–positron pair in a 0.5 mm-thick aluminum plate is measured with two hodoscopes made of scintillating fibers with cross-sections of 3 × 3 mm 2 . Events in which charged particles are produced upstream are rejected with a charge veto plastic scintillator placed in front of the plate, and pair-production events are identified with a trigger plastic scintillator placed behind the plate. The position is determined by a developed logic module with a field-programmable gate array. The dead time for processing an event is 35 ns, and a high data acquisition efficiency ( ~ 100 % ) can be achieved with this monitor for high-intensity photon beams corresponding to 20 MHz tagging signals.

A search for the K − p p bound state (the lightest kaonic nucleus) has been performed using the γ d → K + π − X reaction at E γ = 1.5 – 2.4 GeV at LEPS/SPring-8. The differential cross section of the K + π − photo-production off deuterium ( d 2 σ / d cos θ K + l a b / d cos θ π − l a b ) has been measured for the first time in this energy region. A peak structure was searched for in the inclusive missing mass spectrum. A statistically significant peak structure was not observed in the region from 2.22 to 2.36 GeV/c2. The upper limits of the differential cross section of the K − p p bound state production were determined to be (0.17–0.55), (0.55–1.7) and (1.1–2.9) μb at 95% confidence level with the assumed widths of 20 MeV, 60 MeV and 100 MeV.

This is the first report to our knowledge of an intramuscular lipoma that arose in the masseter muscle. Excision biopsy under general anaesthesia showed that the mass could easily be separated from the surrounding soft tissues on the lateral side, but was firmly adherent to the muscle on the medial side, so complete excision required resection of part of the masseter. Histopathological examination showed that it was an intramuscular lipoma. Two years and 6 months postoperatively there was no evidence of recurrence.

The second GeV bremsstrahlung photon beamline has been constructed for meson photo-production experiments at Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, where a 1200 MeV electron synchrotron called STretcher Booster (STB) has been in operation primarily for Quark Nuclear Physics. An internal radiator is employed to produce the bremsstrahlung photon beam out of circulating electrons in the STB ring. A photon tagging system is placed inside one of the bending magnets of the ring. The tagged energy of the photon beam ranges from 740 to 1150 MeV for 1200 MeV operation of the STB synchrotron. The details of the tagging system and the characteristics of the photon beam are described.

Photoproduction of the K 0 from the deuteron and the carbon nucleus has been investigated at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University in Sendai. The Neutral Kaon Spectrometer and the Neutral Kaon Spectrometer 2 were developed to detect π + π − pairs coming from the decay of the K S 0 . The resulting K 0 momentum spectra for inclusive K 0 photoproduction were compared with theoretical calculations based on isobar models for γ + n → K 0 + Λ , utilizing the spectator hypothesis. An upgrade of the inner detectors to enhance the acceptance for the coincidence measurement of the K S 0 and Λ is underway. We expect that the exclusive and kinematically complete measurement of the reaction will provide us with direct access to the center-of-mass observables that are important for further understanding the mechanism for strangeness photoproduction.

We report measurements of differential cross sections and decay asymmetries of incoherent ϕ-meson photoproduction from the deuteron at forward angles using linearly polarized photons at E γ = 1.5 – 2.4 GeV . The nuclear transparency ratio for the deuteron shows a large suppression, and is consistent with the A-dependence of the ratio observed in a previous measurement with nuclear targets. The reduction for the deuteron cannot be adequately explained in term of isospin asymmetry. The present results suggest the need of refining our understanding of the ϕ–N interaction within a nucleus.

The Invader PLUS technology is a sensitive, rapid method for the detection and quantification of nucleic acid. While the original technology is based on the amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the target sequence followed by its detection using the Invader technology, the current modification allows simultaneous PCR amplification and Invader reaction. The PCR primers and the Invader probes are designed to operate at the same temperature. This allows simpler design and faster results. This technology has been applied for the quantification of six periodontitis-related bacteria (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Toreponema denticola, Tannerella forsythensis and Fusobacterium nucleatum). Direct comparison of this modified Invader PLUS with real-time PCR demonstrated similar linear range. Furthermore, testing of 64 volunteers showed a good correlation between both technologies with correlation factors r2 spanning between 0.827 and 0.987. We demonstrated here that the proposed improvement of the Invader PLUS allows the detection and quantification of DNA sequences using a simple design and protocol that can be implemented in clinical testing.

An emulsion-counter hybrid experiment (KEK E176) was carried out to search for double strangeness systems such as double- Λ hypernuclei and H -dibaryons. More than 10% of Ξ − hyperons produced in the (K − , K + ) reaction were brought to rest in the nuclear emulsion. We have obtained 98 candidate events of nuclear capture at rest of Ξ − hyperons which are described in this report. Among those, four events were identified as sequential weak decay of double- Λ hypernuclei. The binding energies of Ξ − -( 12 C, 14 N and 16 O) states have been estimated for two events which emit twin single- Λ hypernuclei back to back from the capture point. The Σ − p decay vertex of an H -dibaryon was searched for near the capture point and no evidence was observed. Upper limits for the branching ratio of H emission are 5–10% for a lifetime less than 0.1 ns at the 90% confidence level. The trapping probabilities of single and double strangeness to a nuclear fragment following Ξ − capture at rest have been studied.

Differential cross sections and decay asymmetries for coherent $\phi$-meson photoproduction from deuterons were measured for the first time at forward angles using linearly polarized photons at $E_{\gamma}$= 1.5-2.4 GeV. This reaction offers a unique way to directly access natural-parity Pomeron dynamics and gluon exchange at low energies. The cross sections at zero degrees increase with increasing photon energy. The decay asymmetries demonstrate a complete dominance of natural-parity exchange processes, showing that isovector unnatural-parity $\pi$-meson exchange is small. Nevertheless the deduced cross sections of $\phi$-mesons from nucleons contributed by isoscalar t-channel exchange processes are not well described by the conventional Pomeron model., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. Final published version

Differential cross sections and photon beam asymmetries for π 0 photoproduction have been measured at E γ = 1.5 – 2.4 GeV and at the π 0 scattering angles, − 1 cos Θ c . m . − 0.6 . The energy-dependence of differential cross sections for u-channel π 0 production has been determined. An enhancement at backward angles is found above E γ = 1.9 GeV . This is likely to be due to u-channel diagrams. Photon beam asymmetries have been obtained for the first time at backward angles, showing a strong angular dependence at E γ > 2.0 GeV .

A sharp gas-bremsstrahlung beam with an energy up to 8 GeV is available at insertion device (ID) beamlines at SPring-8. As a practical use of the beam, a test experiment for a 3 × 3 PWO calorimeter has been performed at an ID beamline, BL11XU, to measure the position of the incident gas-bremsstrahlung beam impinging on the calorimeter. The obtained position resolution is ( ( 2.76 ± 0.02 ) / E ) 2 + ( 0.30 ± 0.04 ) 2 mm , E in GeV, at the center of the calorimeter, which is consistent with the result previously obtained with a low-energy electron beam. Despite limited beam-energy information, the pencil-like photon beam generated on ID beamlines works well for a measurement of the position resolution of electromagnetic calorimeters.

A beam test has been performed on a prototype electromagnetic calorimeter of bismuth silicate BSO crystals for the first time using electrons of 0.5–3.0 GeV. The calorimeter consists of nine BSO crystals, 22 mm × 22 mm × 180 mm (15.6 radiation lengths), arranged in a 3 × 3 array. Each crystal is coupled to a small photomultiplier tube of 20 mm in diameter. The obtained energy resolution is σ E / E = ( 0.023 ± 0.003 ) / E ( GeV ) ⊕ ( 0.017 ± 0.002 ) for incident electrons of the energy E in GeV. The position information for an electron injected onto the center crystal of the calorimeter array is given with energy deposit signals from nine BSO crystals. The RMS position resolution σ x is parameterized as σ x = [ ( 3.2 ± 0.1 ) / E ( GeV ) ⊕ ( 1.3 ± 0.1 ) ] mm at the center of the crystal. Misidentification probability of pions to electrons is found to be ∼ 10 - 3 for the pion momentum ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 GeV/c.

The γ n → K 0 Λ process plays an important role in the study of strangeness production by the electromagnetic interaction. We have investigated the quasi-free production reaction on a 12 C target in the threshold region ( E γ = 0.8 – 1.1 GeV ) at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University. Preliminary results are presented.

The photo-production of ϕ mesons from Li, C, Al, and Cu at forward angles has been measured at E γ = 1.5 – 2.4 GeV . The number of events for incoherent ϕ photo-production is found to have a target mass number dependence of A 0.72 ± 0.07 in the kinematical region of | t | ⩽ 0.6 GeV 2 / c 2 . The total cross section of the ϕ –nucleon interaction, σ ϕ N , has been estimated as 35 −11 +17 mb using the A -dependence of the ϕ photo-production yield and a Glauber-type multiple scattering theory. This value is much larger than σ ϕ N in free space, suggesting that the ϕ properties might change in the nuclear medium.

Macrocysts in Dictyostelium discoideum possess prototypic features of sexual reproduction and are useful for understanding the basic mechanisms of the reproductive process. Here, we randomly analyzed 1,071 gamete cDNAs, and then constructed a gamete-specific subtraction library, FC-IC. Nucleotide sequences of all 903 FC-IC clones were determined and clustered into 272 independent genes. Expression analysis based on real-time RT-PCR revealed 67 gamete-enriched genes, among which those involved in 'signal transduction' and 'multicellular organization' are prevalent. One of them, FC-IC0003, appeared also to be mating-type specific, and was named gmsA. RNAi-mediated silencing as well as disruption of gmsA reduced the cellular competency for sexual cell fusion, indicating the involvement of this gene in the sexual development of D. discoideum.

The γ A → π 0 π 0 X reactions is one of the tools to effectively investigate partial restoration of chiral symmetry. An experiment was performed at the LEPS/SPring-8 facility using various nuclear targets. In this experiment, a 2π calorimeter consisting of 252 Lead/SCIFI modules was used to detect the photons coming from the π 0 π 0 decay. A preliminary analysis shows that π 0 π 0 X events are observed.

The GeV photon beam at SPring-8 is produced by backward-Compton scattering of laser photons from 8 GeV electrons. Polarization of the photon beam is ∼100% at the maximum energy with fully polarized laser photons. We report the status of the new facility and the prospect of hadron physics study with this high quality beam. Preliminary results from the first physics run are presented.

The GeV photon beam at SPring-8 is produced by backward-Compton scattering of laser photons from 8 GeV electrons. The maximum energy of the photon will be above 3 GeV, and the beam intensity will be 10 7 photons/sec. Polarization of the photon beam will be 100 % at the maximum energy with fully polarized laser photons. We report the outline of the quark nuclear physics project with this high-quality high-intensity beam.

In order to study the S11(1535) resonance in the nuclear medium, total cross sections of the (γ, η) reactions on C, Al and Cu have been measured for photon energies between 680 and 1000 MeV. A broad resonance due to the excitation and decay of the S11 resonance in the nucleus has been clearly observed for the first time. The apparent energy and width of the resonance are 900 and 300 MeV, respectively. Model calculations based on the quantum molecular dynamics have been performed. A comparison of the calculations with the data indicates that the S11 resonance in nuclei should have a larger width; the width of about 250 MeV is required while the elementary one is about 150 MeV.

A study of 1.66 GeV c K − beam induced ( K − ,K + ) reactions in the nuclear emulsion target is presented and 796 ( K − , K + ) reaction vertices ( p K + ⩾ 1 GeV /c ) containing 18 single hyperfragments are identified. There is no clear(spatially separated) double hyperfragment nor twin single hyperfragment in the identified 796 ( K − ,K + ) reactions. These events are classified and their characteristics are described in detail. In the region p K + ⩾ 1 GeV /c where the quasifree K − (p) → K + Ξ − is the dominant process, the probability of Ξ − emission from the reaction vertex is determined to be 73.9 −4.6 +4.5 %. From this value, the mean free path of Ξ − in a nucleus is estimated to be 4.7 −1.0 +1.5 fm for 〈p Ξ − 〉 ∼ 0.6 GeV /c by assuming a simple model of uniform nuclear matter.

The influence of oxygen content δ on the superconducting critical temperature T c and the crystal structure of R 1− x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+ δ (R=Y, Er, Gd, Eu; x =0.0–0.2) has been studied by resistivity and X-ray powder diffraction measurements. All as-grown compounds with x =0.2 have δ ∼0.83 and are in the orthorhombic phase. Their optimum T c s are around 85 K. Both the compounds with R=Y and Eu show the plateau in T c vs. δ ( T c,pl ) at 60 K in the tetoragonal phase. For the compounds with R=Gd and Er the plateau appeared in the tetragonal phase at 20 and 40 K, respectively. The value of T c,pl for R=Gd increases from 20 to 60 K with decreasing Ca content x . It is shown that the values of T c,pl can be correlated with the c -axis lattice parameters. Furthermore, we provide the correspondence of the increase in T c above 60 K with orthorombicity over the present kinds of R.

In order to study the change in magnetic and electronic properties of the CuO 2 -plane in YBa 2 Cu 3 O y due to hole-doping, Er 3+ -EPR measurements have been performed on Er-doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O y (6 y 3+ -spin embedded in Y-site consists of residual linewidth and linewidths responsible for the Korringa and the Orbach relaxation processes. Analysis of the linewidth due to the Korringa process indicates that the number of conduction carriers in the CuO 2 -plane saturates in y >6.4 and does not show any anomaly around y =6.7, where it is well known as the boundary for the 60 K plateau in T c . From the analysis of linewidth due to the Orbach process, we have obtained that the strength of orbit–lattice coupling of Er 3+ -spin changes noticeably around y =6.7. Magnetic and electronic properties of the CuO 2 -plane and the 60 K plateau have been investigated by using these analytical results.

In order to study the change in magnetic and electronic properties of the CuO 2 plane due to hole doping and the role of Er ion in the T c -suppression due to the rare earth substitution, Er 3+ -EPR measurements have been performed on Er-doped La 2− x Sr x CuO 4 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 compounds. It has been obtained that the EPR linewidth of Er 3+ spin in these compounds consists of residual linewidth and linewidths responsible for the Korringa and the Orbach relaxation processes. The change in the magnetic property of La 2− x Sr x CuO 4 due to hole doping has been studied by analysis of the residual linewidth. From analysis of the linewidths caused by the Korringa and the Orbach processes, the effect of Er substitution on the T c suppression in La 2− x Sr x CuO 4 is discussed in contrast to that in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 compound.

The response of a scintillation detector array consisting of 7 pure CsI crystals with a thickness of 13.5 radiation lenghths has been measured to electrons, positrons and charged pions with momenta ranging from 250 to 1000 MeV/ c . For electrons and positrons the detector provides a very linear response to the incident energy. High energy charged pions make a peak at around 150 MeV corresponding to the ionization energy loss. In addition to the peak, comparable yields which are caused by nuclear reactions are distributed up to the maximum available enegy and form a broad bump. The shape of the broad bump for positive pions is different from that for negative pions with the same momentum. A simulation with a GEANT program cannot reproduce the shape of the broad bump.

We studied electron spin resonance (ESR) in an ordered double perovskite Ba 2 FeMoO 6 with the Curie temperature T C = 340 K . The T-independent gyromagnetic factor at T > T C is estimated as g ∼ 2 , suggesting that Fe 3 + is probed in the paramagnetic resonance. Below T C , the resonance signal shifts to lower fields with broadening of the linewidth. The linewidth increases down to our lowest temperature. Using the two-magnon scattering relaxation mechanism quantitatively reproduces the temperature dependence of the linewidth.

Central \pipi events produced in pp interactions are studied in terms of correlations between the outgoing protons. It is observed there is more $\rho^{0}$(770) and \fmeson production in reactions where the outgoing protons %fastest and slowest particles in the laboratory frame are on opposite sides of the beam. This effect is not attributable to the trigger or the experimental acceptance, and suggests that the vertices do not factorise.

A set of CsI(pure) crystals have been tested for use as an electromagnetic calorimeter for π0 detection in photonuclear reactions at photon energies below 1.2 GeV. Performances of the calorimeter including energy and position resolution are studied by using the electron and tagged-photon beams at the INS-Tokyo electron synchrotron. In the first experiment for the nuclear coherent π0 photoproduction carried out at INS, a π0 mass resolution of 7 MeV (rms) has been obtained in the π0 energy region between 0.5 and 1.0 GeV.

The results of a beam test are presented concerning the energy resolution of a calorimeter hodoscope prototype of PWO (PbWO4) crystals, measured by electron beams having energies between 0.5 and 2.5 GeV. The hodoscope consists of a 3 × 3 matrix of modules of PWOs having dimensions of 20 mm × 20 mm in cross section and 200 mm in length. The energy dependence of the energy resolution is obtained to be (σ/EGeV))2=((0.0310±0.0011)/E(Gev))2+(0.0079±0.0025)2, fitted by a quadratic form.

The energy dependence of the pp elastic analyzing power has been measured using an internal target during polarized beam acceleration. The data were obtained in incident-energy steps varying from 4 to 17 MeV over an energy range from 0.5 to 2.0 GeV. The statistical uncertainty of the analyzing power is typically less than 0.01. A narrow structure is observed around 2.17 GeV in the two-proton invariant mass distribution. A possible explanation for the structure with narrow resonances is discussed.

Data of the ηπ− system were obtained in the reaction π−p → ηπ−p at 6.3 GeV/c beam momentum. About 17 k events of ηπ− were collected in the mass range 0.8 ⩽ Mηπ- ⩽ 1.8 GeV/c2 and in the range of the momentum transfer squared 0.075 ⩽ |t′| ⩽ 0.60 (GeV/c)2. A large forward-backward asymmetry was observed around 1.3 GeV/c2 in the Gottfried-Jackson frame of the ηπ− system. A partial wave analysis of the data was performed. A peak of the D+ wave attributed to a2 (1320) is clearly seen. An enhancement is observed around 1.3 GeV/c2 in the P+ wave.

Gd 3+ -EPR measurements were carried out for samples of GdBa 2 (Cu 1− x M x ) 3 O 7 (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Zn). The Gd 3+ -linewidths of Fe- and Co-doped samples increase remarkably with decreasing temperature. However, this low-temperature rise is suppressed in Ni- and Zn-doped samples. This suggest that Gd-Gd correlation is disturbed by Ni spin in the Ni-doped sample and Zn-induced spin in the Zn-doped sample, respectively. On the other hand, the linewidth of the Ni-doped sample increases when temperature and Ni concentration increase. The increasing part of linewidth can be explained by the increase of relaxation rate of the Ni moment to the lattice via Ni-spin-lattice coupling. The increase of linewidth is, however, not observed in the Zn-doped sample. This is interpreted as the weak spin-lattice coupling of induced Cu moment.

Differences in T c -suppression and structural change between GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 with substitution of Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn for Cu are investigated. Substitution effects of these elements on T c and lattice structure are different in Gd- and Y-compounds. With Fe- and Co-substitution, T c s of Gd-compounds are suppressed more than those of Y-compounds at the same concentration of dopant. Ni-substitution for 10% of Cu atom leads to T c ∽35 K in the Gd-compound. Furthermore, by substitution of Ni and Zn with x > 0.1, an orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition is brought about in the Gd-compound, although oxygen content does not change in both compounds. T c -suppression and structural change in Gd-compounds are discussed.

Since a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was developed, an observation of living cell surface has been one of the final aims in the biological application of STM. By developing a new style of STM which was combined with an optical microscope and with a novel system for the centering of both images, we successfully got the STM images of living cell surface of T24 cells (human bladder cancer cell line) and CHO cells (Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast) cultured on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite under the appropriate condition (V greater than 8.0 V, I less than 0.2 nA). Unexpectedly, the living T24 cell showed a slightly uneven surface with a steep foot slope. The CHO cell showed more rough surface with steeper slope of cell foot. Although the STM system had a fine spatial resolution less than 3 nm, the profile of living cell surface covered with electrolyte was clear only when the scanning area was more than 10 microns square.

We have measured the angular distribution of the depolarization parameter Kyy′ in p-15N elastic scattering at 65 MeV. The deviation of Kyy′ from unity is large and indicates the existence of a nucleon-nucleus spin-spin interaction. The DWBA analysis shows that the measured Kyy′ data imply a large contribution from the tensor part of the spin-spin potential.

hat of keratinocytes. It has previously been reported that adminstration of HSc025, a novel small compound that antagonizes the GF/Smadsignal through thenuclear translocationof a transcripional repressor YB-1, suppresses the development of dermal and epatic fibrosis in mice. Here we examined the effects of HSc025 n cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro, as well as on the ncisional wound healing process in vivo. Treatment of primary ultures of human keratinocytes with HSc025 counteracted the nhibitory effects of TGFon cell migration and proliferation in a ose-dependent manner. It also stimulatedmigration, but not proiferation, of primary human fibroblasts in vitro. After an incisional ounding created on the dorsal skin ofmice, oral daily administraion of HSc025 accelerated the wound closure from as early as Day . Experimentsusing transgenic type I collagenpromoter/luciferase eporter mice indicated that, in contrast to its inhibitory effect on ollagen expression in pathological fibrogenic condition, treatment f HSc025 did not affect collagen promoter activation during physological wound healing process. These results lead to the better nderstanding of the cooperation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts n dermal wounding process and provide a novel insight into the herapy for impaired wound healing by using YB-1 modulators.

We performed ESR measurements for polycrystalline samples of RuSr 2 GdCu 2 O 8 (Ru1212) and its analogous RuSr 2 (Gd 1.4 Ce 0.6 )Cu 2 O 10 (Ru1222). Resonance spectra indicate a ferromagnetic correlation between the Ru ions, which appears below T M =135 K (Ru1212) and 170 K (Ru1222). Our most interesting finding is that the signal can be clearly separated into two components only in Ru1212. A charge segregation of Ru 4+ and Ru 5+ in the RuO 2 layers in Ru1212 is an intriguing candidate, in contrast to an ionic valence of Ru 5+ in Ru1222.

Gd 3+ -EPR linewidth and d.c. magnetic susceptibility are measured in Gd 2−x Ce x CuO 4 compounds with x=0 and 0.15. A step-like rise in the linewidth occurs around the Cu-ordering temperature T N (Cu). The linewidths below and above T N (Cu) are analyzed by using the experimental susceptivility. The result shows that the Cu-ordering modifies the exchange field seen by Gd 3+ -spin.

Er 3+ -EPR measurements are carried out on the Er-doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O y . The Er 3+ -EPR linewidth consists of the sum of residual linewidth and linewidths corresponding to the Korringa and the Orbach processes. The electronic and magnetic properties of CuO 2 plane are discussed based on the analysis of these linewidths.

Ca-substitution in GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+σ and their effect on T c are investigatd by the resistivity and Gd 3+ -EPR measurements. In the region 0.25 0.8 Ca 0.2 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+σ compounds are in the tetragonal phase and have a 20 K-plateau in T c . The plateau is discussed based on the carrier number and the crystalline structure.

Superconductivity and magnetic interaction between Gd and CuO planes in T, T′ and T′ phases of (La 1−x Gd x ) 1.83 Sr 0.18 CuO 4−z are investigated through measurements of ESR and electrical resistivity. T c decreases linearly with increasing Gd in T phase below x =0.1. Two signals were observed in Gd 3+ -ESR spectra; one (named P A ) is dominant in T-phase, having resonace field H r =1.9 kOe, and the other (named P B ) with H r =3.2 kOe is dominant in T′ and T′ phases. It is revealed that the signal P A arises from a Gd site with an apical oxygen ion and signal P B comes from Gd site with no apical oxygen. Therefore, destruction of superconductivity in T phase must be attributable to some magnetic interaction between Gd ions and Cu plane via apical oxygen ions.

Gd 3+ EPR experiments were carried out in GdBa 3 (Cu 0 , x M x ) 3 O 7 (M=Fe, Ni, Zn) compounds in order to study GdGd and GdM interactions. The EPR linewidth for the compounds with M=Fe increases due to the slowing down of Gd spin fluctuations with decreasing temperature. On the other hand, for the compounds with M=Ni and Zn, the increase of the linewidth is remarkably depressed in contrast to that for Fe-compound. This fact indicates that GdGd interactions are considerably disturbed by the doped Ni and Zn ions which preferentially occupy the Cu(2) sites.

Differential cross sections and analyzing powers have been measured for (p, d) reactions on 1p, 2s, 1d, 2p, 1g and 2d shell nuclei with 65 MeV polarized protons. The analyzing powers clearly show a j -dependence which depends on the numbers of nodes in the radial wave function of the neutron. The shapes of the angular distributions of the analyzing powers can be classified into five types for simple neutron pickup reactions from the 1p−2d shells. The pickup from the 1 p 1 2 shell is singular.The DWBA calculations have been carried out on these (p, d) reactions in order to interpret the j -dependence. Adiabatic deuteron optical potentials can describe the data better than those derived from the deuteron elastic scattering except for the pickup from the 1 p 1 2 shell. The analyzing powers for the 1 p 1 2 shell neutron pickup can be reproduced only when large values of the radius and diffuseness parameters are used in the bound-state potential.

Analyzing powers of the continuum spectra were measured for 65 MeV protons from 12C, 28Si, 45Sc, 58Ni, 93Nb, 165Ho, 166Er, 209 Bi ( p , p# prime; X ) and ( p , dX) reactions and from 93Nb, 209Bi( p , αX) reactions. The analyzing powers of the continuum spectra were found to be small at forward angles where the pre-equilibrium process is important. However they do not show a systematic tendency. This feature indicates the importance of the spin-dependent interaction as well as nuclear structure effects. On the other hand, the analyzing powers were very large and positive at backward angles where the shape of the energy spectra resembles that of an evaporation spectrum. The maximum values of the analyzing power in the backward hemisphere depend on the target mass for the A 93 Nb ( p , p ′ X ) , ( p , dX), ( p , αX) reactions at EX = 20 MeV, respectively. These large values are mainly due to the entrance channel effect. There is no appreciable even-odd mass effect on the analyzing power for medium-mass nuclei. These features were unexpected from the conventional pre-equilibrium reaction models.