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4. Prevalence and factors associated with tuberculosis infection in India

Author

Selvaraju, Sriram, primary, Velayutham, Banurekha, additional, Rao, Raghuram, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Thiruvengadam, Kannan, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Dutta, Shantha, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Mohanty, Suman Sundar, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, additional, Menon, Pradeep Aravindan, additional, Krishnan, Rajendran, additional, Singh, Manjula, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N, additional, Srinivasan, Nivetha, additional, Rexy, Catherine, additional, Suresh, M, additional, Hanna, Luke Elizabeth, additional, Choudry, Avijith, additional, Parmar, Malik, additional, Ramachandran, Ranjani, additional, Kumar, Nishant, additional, Joshi, Rajendra Panduranga, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Chandrasekaran, Padmapriyadarsini, additional, Khan, A M, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, and Bhargava, Balram, additional

Published
2023
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6. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August–September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey

Author

Shanta Dutta, Harpreet Singh Pawar, Giridhara R Babu, V. Saravanakumar, Kanwar Narain, Ezhilarasan Ilayaperumal, Sanjay Zodpey, Babu Jagjeevan, Swarup Sarkar, Srikanta Kanungo, Tekumalla Ramarao, Vijay K. Shukla, Jaya Singh Kshatri, Ashrafjit S. Chahal, Aparup Das, Balram Bhargava, Hari Bhan Singh, R Anusha, Chethana Rangaraju, Dinesh Kumar Baradwaj, Smita Asthana, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Prashant Singh, T Sivakumar, Krithikaa Sekar, Dasarathi Das, Arlappa Nimmathota, Sampada Dipak Bangar, Kamran Zaman, M. Sunil Kumar, Sujeet Kumar Singh, R. Sabarinathan, Naman Shah, Hirawati Deval, Arshad Kalliath, K Kalaiyarasi, Kamalesh Sarkar, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Seema Sahay, Rajiv Yadav, Sanket Kulkarni, Alok Kumar, Vishal Chopra, Rajeev Gupta, C. P. Girish Kumar, Rajeev K. Singh, Kiran Rade, Kangjam Rekha Devi, Shripad A. Patil, Alka Turuk, T Karunakaran, Jyothi Bhat, Annamma Jose, J P Muliyil, Kushal Singh Rathore, Shalini Singh, Tanzin Dikid, Nivethitha N Krishnan, A.R. Nirmala, Hemalatha Rajkumar, G G J Naga Lakshmi, Shashi Kant, Avula Laxmaiah, Major Madhukar, Pradeep Das, Amarendra Mahapatra, Manoj V Murhekar, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, Pushpendra Singh, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Sarang Dhatrak, Tanu Anand, K Kiran, Gurudayal S Toteja, Ankit Viramgami, Rakesh Balachandar, Ganta Venkata Prasad, Sauvik Dasgupta, Samiran Panda, Ashok Kumar Pandey, Sanghamitra Pati, Suman Sundar Mohanty, Dantuluri Sheethal Varma, S. Muhammad Salim Khan, Vimith Cheruvathoor Wilson, Mariya Amin Qurieshi, Anshuman Chaudhury, Sriram Selvaraju, Alok Kumar Deb, Avi Kumar Bansal, Tarun Bhatnagar, D C S Reddy, Himanshu Chauhan, Rushikesh Andhalkar, Ashwini Yadav, Inaamul Haq, Falguni Debnath, Rajni Kant, Josephine Pradhan, Anindya Mitra, Somashekar Narasimhaiah, Ramesh Kumar Sangwan, Raman R. Gangakhedkar, Aakash Shrivastava, VG Vinoth Kumar, Ramesh Chandra Jha, Aby Robinson, and K. Nagbhushanam

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Cross-sectional study, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 030231 tropical medicine, Population, India, Antibodies, Viral, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Seroprevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Occupations, Child, education, education.field_of_study, biology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Articles, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Serum samples, Cross-Sectional Studies, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, Rural area, business, Demography
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The first national severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurvey in India, done in May-June, 2020, among adults aged 18 years or older from 21 states, found a SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody seroprevalence of 0·73% (95% CI 0·34-1·13). We aimed to assess the more recent nationwide seroprevalence in the general population in India. METHODS: We did a second household serosurvey among individuals aged 10 years or older in the same 700 villages or wards within 70 districts in India that were included in the first serosurvey. Individuals aged younger than 10 years and households that did not respond at the time of survey were excluded. Participants were interviewed to collect information on sociodemographics, symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, exposure history to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and history of COVID-19 illness. 3-5 mL of venous blood was collected from each participant and blood samples were tested using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Seroprevalence was estimated after applying the sampling weights and adjusting for clustering and assay characteristics. We randomly selected one adult serum sample from each household to compare the seroprevalence among adults between the two serosurveys. FINDINGS: Between Aug 18 and Sept 20, 2020, we enrolled and collected serum samples from 29 082 individuals from 15 613 households. The weighted and adjusted seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in individuals aged 10 years or older was 6·6% (95% CI 5·8-7·4). Among 15 084 randomly selected adults (one per household), the weighted and adjusted seroprevalence was 7·1% (6·2-8·2). Seroprevalence was similar across age groups, sexes, and occupations. Seroprevalence was highest in urban slum areas followed by urban non-slum and rural areas. We estimated a cumulative 74·3 million infections in the country by Aug 18, 2020, with 26-32 infections for every reported COVID-19 case. INTERPRETATION: Approximately one in 15 individuals aged 10 years or older in India had SARS-CoV-2 infection by Aug 18, 2020. The adult seroprevalence increased approximately tenfold between May and August, 2020. Lower infection-to-case ratio in August than in May reflects a substantial increase in testing across the country. FUNDING: Indian Council of Medical Research.

Published
2021
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9. SARS-CoV-2 Sero-Prevalence Among General Population and Healthcare Workers in India, December 2020 - January 2021

Author

Kiran Rade, Somashekar Narasimhaiah, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, D. Elantamilan, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Debdutta Bhattacharya, Niraj Kumar, R. Sabarinathan, M. Sunil Kumar, Krishna Pandey, Seema Sahay, Suresh Yadav, Rakesh Balachandar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Samiran Panda, Vishal Chopra, Gangeti Gandhi Jayanthi Naga Lakshmi, Virendra Kumar, Shripad A. Patil, Hemalatha Rajkumar, Chethana Rangaraju, Kanwar Narain, Kamran Zaman, Anindya Mitra, Amit Chakrabarti, Nivetha Srinivasan, Dinesh Kumar Baradwaj, Jyotirmayee Turuk, A.M. Khan, Tekumalla Ramarao, Pushpendra Singh, Amit Kumar, R S Dhaliwal, Shalini Singh, Vimith Cheruvathoor Wilson, Rajni Kant, Ashok Kumar Pandey, Srikanta Kanungo, Anshuman Chaudhury, Smita Asthana, Amarendra Mahapatra, Manoj V Murhekar, Rajiv Yadav, Ganta Venkata Prasad, Nandan Kumar Mishra, C. P. Girish Kumar, Ramesh Kumar Hudda, Shanta Dutta, Aby Robinson, D C S Reddy, Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarshini, Vijay K. Shukla, Babu Jagjeevan, Jaya Singh Kshatri, Dantuluri Sheethal Varma, Nimmathota Arlappa, K. Nagbhushanam, Alok Kumar Deb, Jyothi Bhat, Hirawati Deval, Alka Turuk, Pravin Bharti, Arshad Kalliath, Balram Bhargava, S. Muhammad Salim Khan, Hari Bhan Singh, Dasarathi Das, Avula Laxmaiah, Sriram Selvaraju, V. Saravanakumar, Tarun Bhatnagar, Nivethitha N Krishnan, K. Arunraj, Inaamul Haq, A.R. Nirmala, Major Madhukar, Y.K. Sharma, Ashrafjit S. Chahal, Aparup Das, Krithikaa Sekar, Surabhi Yadav, Mariya Amin Qurieshi, Ganesh Mehta, Rakesh Dayal, Vikas Dhikav, Kangjam Rekha Devi, Sirasanambatti Devarajulu Reddy, Ankit Viramgami, Sanghamitra Pati, Prashant Singh, Sampada Dipak Bangar, Rajeev K. Singh, Rushikesh Andhalkar, Prathiksha Giridharan, Debjit Chakraborty, Avi Kumar Bansal, Sarang Dhatrak, and Rochak Saxena

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Public health, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), education, Population, Epidemiology, Pandemic, Health care, medicine, Seroprevalence, Rural area, business, Demography
Abstract

Background: Repeated cross-sectional serosurveys in the same geographic area establish the trend of the evolving pandemic. We present the findings of the third round of a national serosurvey to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the general population and health care workers of India. Methods: We conducted the third population-based serosurvey between Dec 18, 2020 and Jan 6, 2021 in the same 700 villages or wards from 70 districts in 21 states across India, which were selected for the first and second serosurveys. We enrolled from each district, at least 400 individuals aged ≥ 10 years from general population and 100 HCWs from sub-district level public health facilities. Serum samples from general population were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid (N) and spike protein (S1-RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 using the Abbott and Siemens assays respectively, whereas sera from HCWs were tested for anti-S1-RBD. For general population, sera positive for either of the antibodies were considered positive, while sera positive for anti-S1-RBD were considered as positive for HCW. Weighted seroprevalence estimates were adjusted for sensitivity and specificity of respective assays. Findings: Of the 28,598 sera from general population, 4585 (16%) had IgG antibodies against N, 6647 (23.2%) against S1-RBD and 7436 (26%) against either. The weighted and assay characteristic adjusted seroprevalence against either of the antibodies was 24.1 (95%CI: 23.0% to 25.3%). Seroprevalence was lower in rural areas (21.4%, 95% CI: 20.3% to 22.6%) compared to urban non-slum (29.4%, 95% CI: 26.9% - 32.1%) and slum areas (34.6%, 95% CI: 31.0% to 38.3%). Among 7385 HCWs, the seroprevalence of anti-S1-RBD IgG antibodies was 25.6% (95% CI: 23.5% to 27.8%). Interpretation: Nearly one in four individuals aged 10 years or older from general population as well as HCWs were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by December 2020 amounting to 271 million infections in India. Funding Statement: Indian Council of Medical Research Declaration of Interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare no competing interests Ethics Approval Statement: The project was approved by Institutional Human Ethics Committee at ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology.

Published
2021
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10. SARS-CoV-2 Sero-Prevalence among General Population and Healthcare Workers in India, December 2020 - January 2021

Author

Manoj V. Murhekar, Tarun Bhatnagar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, V. Saravanakumar, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Sriram Selvaraju, Kiran Rade, Girish Kumar CP, R. Sabarinathan, Alka Turuk, Smita Asthana, Rakesh Balachandar, Sampada Dipak Bangar, Avi Kumar Bansal, Vishal Chopra, Dasarathi Das, Alok Kumar Deb, Kangjam Rekha Devi, Vikas Dhikav, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, S. Muhammad Salim Khan, M. Sunil Kumar, Avula Laxmaiah, Major Madhukar, Amarendra Mahapatra, Chethana Rangaraju, Jyotirmayee Turuk, Rajiv Yadav, Rushikesh Andhalkar, K. Arunraj, Dinesh Kumar Baradwaj, Pravin Bharti, Debdutta Bhattacharya, Jyothi Bhat, Ashrafjit S. Chahal, Debjit Chakraborty, Anshuman Chaudhury, Hirawati Deval, Sarang Dhatrak, Rakesh Dayal, D. Elantamilan, Prathiksha Giridharan, Inaamul Haq, Ramesh Kumar Hudda, Babu Jagjeevan, Arshad Kalliath, Srikanta Kanungo, Nivethitha N. Krishnan, Jaya Singh Kshatri, Alok Kumar, Niraj Kumar, V.G. Vinoth Kumar, Gangeti Gandhi Jayanthi Naga Lakshmi, Ganesh Mehta, Nandan Kumar Mishra, Anindya Mitra, K. Nagbhushanam, Arlappa Nimmathota, A.R. Nirmala, Ashok Kumar Pandey, Ganta Venkata Prasad, Mariya Amin Qurieshi, Sirasanambatti Devarajulu Reddy, Aby Robinson, Seema Sahay, Rochak Saxena, Krithikaa Sekar, Vijay Kumar Shukla, Hari Bhan Singh, Prashant Kumar Singh, Pushpendra Singh, Rajeev Singh, Nivetha Srinivasan, Dantuluri Sheethal Varma, Ankit Viramgami, Vimith Cheruvathoor Wilson, Surabhi Yadav, Suresh Yadav, Kamran Zaman, Amit Chakrabarti, Aparup Das, R.S. Dhaliwal, Shanta Dutta, Rajni Kant, A M Khan, Kanwar Narain, Somashekar Narasimhaiah, Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarshini, Krishna Pandey, Sanghamitra Pati, Shripad Patil, Hemalatha Rajkumar, Tekumalla Ramarao, Y.K. Sharma, Shalini Singh, Samiran Panda, D.C.S. Reddy, Balram Bhargava, and ICMR Serosurveillance Group

Published
2021
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11. Prevalence of Igg Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Among the General Population and Healthcare Workers in India, June–July 2021

Author

Dayal R, Chethana Rangaraju, Dinesh Kumar Baradwaj, Srikanta Kanungo, Sharma Ak, Chopra, Y.K. Sharma, Ashrafjit S. Chahal, Hirawati Deval, Sarang Dhatrak, Aparup Das, Pravin Bharti, Kanwar Narain, Jaya Singh Kshatri, Krithikaa Sekar, Shalini Singh, Pushpendra Singh, Amarendra Mahapatra, Balram Bhargava, Manoj V Murhekar, Saravanakumar, R. Sabarinathan, Khan Sms, Rajiv Yadav, Alka Turuk, Jyotirmayee Turuk, Shanta Dutta, Bashir K, A.R. Nirmala, Krishna Pandey, Jyothi Bhat, Major Madhukar, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, Avula Laxmaiah, Manjula Singh, Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarshini, D C S Reddy, Dantuluri Sheethal Varma, Smita Asthana, Arshad Kalliath, Sumit Yadav, Kumar, Behera Sp, Srinivasan N, P. K. Anand, Menon Pa, Dasarathi Das, Sriram Selvaraju, Lakshmi Ggjn, Avi Kumar Bansal, Mariya Amin Qurieshi, Ankit Viramgami, Mehta G, Virendra Kumar, Alok Kumar Deb, Kirankumar Rade, Nimmathota Arlappa, Rushikesh Andhalkar, Nivethitha N Krishnan, Subrat Kumar Palo, Debjit Chakraborty, Tarun Bhatnagar, Pandey Ak, Ramesh Kumar Sangwan, A.M. Khan, Jagjeevan B, Prathiksha Giridharan, Kangjam Rekha Devi, Inaamul Haq, Karunakaran T, Seema Sahay, Saxena R, Rajeev K. Singh, Ganta Venkata Prasad, Sabaharwal, Anindya Mitra, Hemalatha Rajkumar, Rajni Kant, Himmat Singh, Aby Robinson, K. Nagbhushanam, Somashekar Narasimhaiah, Niraj Kumar, Anshuman Chaudhury, Vijay K. Shukla, Thakor M, Ramesh T, Rakesh Balachandar, Pucha Uk, Thangaraj Jwv, Samiran Panda, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Debdutta Bhattacharya, Jain A, Dhikav, Sanghamitra Pati, Amit Chakrabarti, Kumar Cg, Prashant Singh, and Sampada Dipak Bangar

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Public health, education, Population, Vaccination, Health care, Epidemiology, medicine, biology.protein, Seroprevalence, Antibody, business, Demography
Abstract

Background: India witnessed a severe second wave of COVID-19 during March and June 2021. We did the fourth nationwide serosurvey to estimate prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population aged >=6 years and health care workers (HCWs). Methods: We did a cross-sectional study between 14 June and 6 July 2021 in 700 clusters in the same 70 districts across 21 states/Union Territory. From each district, a minimum of 400 individuals aged >=6 years from general population and 100 HCWs from the district public health facilities were included. The serum samples were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against S1-RBD and nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 using chemiluminescence immunoassay. We estimated the weighted and test adjusted seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against S1-RBD and/or nucleocapsid protein along with 95% CI. Findings: Of the 28,975 sera tested, the weighted and test adjusted prevalence of IgG antibodies against S1-RBD and/or nucleocapsid protein among the general population aged >=6 years was 67.6% (95% CI: 66.4 – 68.7). The seroprevalence increased with age and was not different in rural and urban areas. Compared to unvaccinated adults (62.3%, 95% CI: 60.9 – 63.7), seroprevalence was significantly higher among individuals who received one (81.0%, 95% CI: 79.6 - 82.3) and two doses (89.8%, 95% CI: 88.4 - 91.1). The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies among 7,252 health care workers was 85.2% (95% CI: 83.5 - 86.7). Interpretation: Nearly one third of the population is still seronegative. It is necessary to accelerate the coverage of COVID-19 vaccination among adults and continue adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions. Funding: Indian Council of Medical Research. Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: The Institutional Human Ethics Committee of the ICMR National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai approved the study protocol.

Published
2021
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12. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the general population and healthcare workers in India, December 2020–January 2021

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V., primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Saravanakumar, V., additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Kumar, C.P. Girish, additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dhikav, Vikas, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, M. Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Arunraj, K., additional, Bharadwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Bharti, Pravin, additional, Bhattacharya, Debdutta, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., additional, Chakraborty, Debjit, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Dayal, Rakesh, additional, Elantamilan, D., additional, Giridharan, Prathiksha, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Hudda, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N., additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Kumar, Alok, additional, Kumar, Niraj, additional, Kumar, V.G. Vinoth, additional, Lakshmi, G.G.J. Naga, additional, Mehta, Ganesh, additional, Mishra, Nandan Kumar, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nagbhushanam, K., additional, Nimmathota, Arlappa, additional, Nirmala, A.R., additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Reddy, Sirasanambatti Devarajulu, additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Saxena, Rochak, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Srinivasan, Nivetha, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, additional, Yadav, Surabhi, additional, Yadav, Suresh, additional, Zaman, Kamran, additional, Chakrabarti, Amit, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Dhaliwal, R.S., additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Khan, A.M., additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Padmapriyadarshini, Chandrasekaran, additional, Pandey, Krishna, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patil, Shripad, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramarao, Tekumalla, additional, Sharma, Y.K., additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D.C.S., additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, Anand, Tanu, additional, Babu, Giridhara R., additional, Chauhan, Himanshu, additional, Dikid, Tanzin, additional, Gangakhedkar, Raman R., additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Kulkarni, Sanket, additional, Muliyil, J.P., additional, Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, additional, Sarkar, Swarup, additional, Shah, Naman, additional, Shrivastava, Aakash, additional, Singh, Sujeet K., additional, Zodpe, Sanjay, additional, Hindupur, Anusha, additional, Asish, P.R., additional, Chellakumar, M., additional, Chokkalingam, D., additional, Dasgupta, Sauvik, additional, Gowtham, M.M.E., additional, Jose, Annamma, additional, Kalaiyarasi, K., additional, Karthik, N.N., additional, Karunakaran, T., additional, Kiruthika, G., additional, Dinesh Kumar, H., additional, Sarath Kumar, S., additional, Sarath Kumar, M.P., additional, Michaelraj, E., additional, Pradhan, Josephine, additional, Arun Prasath, E.B., additional, Gladys Angelin Rachel, D., additional, Rani, Sudha, additional, Rozario, Amanda, additional, Sivakumar, R., additional, Gnana Soundari, P., additional, Sujeetha, K., additional, and Vinod, Arya, additional

Published
2021
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13. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI derived kinetic perfusion indices may help predicting seizure control in single calcified neurocysticercosis

Author

Chandra Mani Pandey, A. K. Singh, Gaurav Raj Agrawal, Rakesh Gupta, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Prativa Sahoo, Nuzhat Husain, Ravindra Kumar Garg, and Neeraj Kumar

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Neurocysticercosis, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Urology, Contrast Media, Logistic regression, Seizure recurrence, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Recurrence, Seizures, Seizure control, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, Prospective Studies, Child, business.industry, Brain, Image Enhancement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dynamic contrast, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Blood-Brain Barrier, Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, Female, business, Perfusion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background The factors responsible for seizure recurrence in patients with Solitary calcified neurocysticercosis (NCC) are not well understood. Blood brain barrier (BBB) breach may be associated with seizure recurrence. Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI derived indices kep, ktrans and ve are useful in quantifying BBB permeability. In this study, we assessed the possible role of DCE-MRI and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 levels in predicting seizure recurrence. Methods In this prospective-observational study, patients with new-onset seizures and a solitary calcified NCC were included. DCE-MRI was done to quantify BBB integrity. DCE-MRI parameters were measured as kep, ktrans and ve. MMP-9 levels were estimated. Patients were followed for 1 year, when DCE-MRI and MMP-9 levels were repeated. Patients were classified into two groups on the basis of seizure recurrence, which was defined as the recurrence of an episode of seizure at least 1 week after the initiation of the anti-epileptic drugs. Logistic regression analysis was done. Results At 1-year of follow up, 8 out of 32 patients had seizure recurrence. Baseline DCE-MRI derived kep (p = 0.015) and MMP-9 levels (p = 0.019) were significantly higher in the seizure “recurrence” group compared with the “no recurrence” group. On within-group analysis, a significant increase in kep (p = 0.012), ve (p = 0.012), and MMP-9 levels (p = 0.017) was observed in the seizure “recurrence” group while a decrease was seen in ve and MMP-9 levels in the “no recurrence” group. Conclusion Higher values of DCE-MRI indices and MMP-9 levels, with a corresponding trend in the follow-up, can be useful in predicting lesions with a higher propensity for seizure recurrence.

Published
2018
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14. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August–September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V, primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Saravanakumar, V, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Shah, Naman, additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Sabarinathan, R, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, C P Girish, additional, Kumar, M Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Mohanty, Suman Sundar, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S, additional, Debnath, Falguni, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Lakshmi, G G J Naga, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nirmala, A R, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Sangwan, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D C S, additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Gupta, Rajeev Ranjan, additional, Ilayaperumal, Ezhilarasan, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Jha, Ramesh Chandra, additional, Kiran, K, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N, additional, Kumar, Alok, additional, Kumar, VG Vinoth, additional, Nagbhushanam, K, additional, Nimmathota, Arlappa, additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Pawar, Harpreet Singh, additional, Rathore, Kushal Singh, additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, additional, Yadav, Ashwini, additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Karunakaran, T, additional, Pradhan, Josephine, additional, Sivakumar, T, additional, Jose, Annamma, additional, Kalaiyarasi, K, additional, Dasgupta, Sauvik, additional, Anusha, R, additional, Anand, Tanu, additional, Babu, Giridhara R, additional, Chauhan, Himanshu, additional, Dikid, Tanzin, additional, Gangakhedkar, Raman R, additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Kulkarni, Sanket, additional, Muliyil, J P, additional, Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, additional, Sarkar, Swarup, additional, Shrivastava, Aakash, additional, Singh, Sujeet K, additional, Zodpey, Sanjay, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Das, Pradeep, additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patil, Shripad, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramarao, Tekumalla, additional, Sarkar, Kamalesh, additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Toteja, Gurudayal S, additional, and Zaman, Kamran, additional

Published
2021
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15. SARS-CoV-2 Sero-Prevalence among General Population and Healthcare Workers in India, December 2020 - January 2021

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V., primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Saravanakumar, V., additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, CP, Girish Kumar, additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dhikav, Vikas, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, M. Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Arunraj, K., additional, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Bharti, Pravin, additional, Bhattacharya, Debdutta, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., additional, Chakraborty, Debjit, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Dayal, Rakesh, additional, Elantamilan, D., additional, Giridharan, Prathiksha, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Hudda, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N., additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Kumar, Alok, additional, Kumar, Niraj, additional, Kumar, V.G. Vinoth, additional, Naga Lakshmi, Gangeti Gandhi Jayanthi, additional, Mehta, Ganesh, additional, Mishra, Nandan Kumar, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nagbhushanam, K., additional, Nimmathota, Arlappa, additional, Nirmala, A.R., additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Reddy, Sirasanambatti Devarajulu, additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Saxena, Rochak, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Srinivasan, Nivetha, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, additional, Yadav, Surabhi, additional, Yadav, Suresh, additional, Zaman, Kamran, additional, Chakrabarti, Amit, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Dhaliwal, R.S., additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Khan, A M, additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Padmapriyadarshini, Chandrasekaran, additional, Pandey, Krishna, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patil, Shripad, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramarao, Tekumalla, additional, Sharma, Y.K., additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D.C.S., additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, and Group, ICMR Serosurveillance, additional

Published
2021
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16. Prevalence of Igg Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Among the General Population and Healthcare Workers in India, June–July 2021

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V., primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Saravanakumar, V., additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Rade, Kirankumar, additional, Kumar, C.P. Girish, additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N., additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Srinivasan, Nivetha, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, M. Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, additional, Yadav, Suresh, additional, Anand, P. K., additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Arlappa, Nimmathota, additional, Bashir, Khalid, additional, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Bharti, Pravin, additional, Bhattacharya, Debdutta, additional, Behera, Sthita Pragnya, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., additional, Chakraborty, Debjit, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Dhikav, Vikas, additional, Dayal, Rakesh, additional, Giridharan, Prathiksha, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Jain, Agam, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Karunakaran, T., additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Kumar, Niraj, additional, Kumar, Vijay, additional, Kumar, V.G. Vinod, additional, Naga Lakshmi, Gangeti Gandhi Jayanthi, additional, Mehta, Ganesh, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nagbhushanam, K., additional, Nirmala, A.R., additional, Palo, Subrat Kumar, additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Pucha, Uday Kumar, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Sabaharwal, Vikas, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Sangwan, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Saxena, Rochak, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Thakor, Mahendra, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Menon, Pradeep A., additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Yadav, Surabhi, additional, Singh, Manjula, additional, Chakrabarti, Amit, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Khan, A.M., additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Padmapriyadarshini, Chandrasekaran, additional, Pandey, Krishna, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramesh, T., additional, Sharma, Arun Kumar, additional, Sharma, Y.K., additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D.C.S., additional, and Bhargava, Balram, additional

Published
2021
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17. Vision based Identification of Joint Coordinates for Marker-less Gait Analysis

Author

Namita Mittal, Rajesh Kumar, Chandra Prakash, and Gaurav Raj

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, Rehabilitation, Biometrics, Computer science, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Animation, Gait, Identification (information), Gait (human), Gait analysis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Trajectory, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, human activities, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Gait analysis has a wide application in medical, rehabilitation, geriatric care, biometrics, sports, animation, and many other avenues. However, gait analysis systems require highly sophisticated devices and methods in a laboratory setup under controlled environment. Consequently, sometimes the subjects are not able to display their natural gait pattern. There is thus a need for a system that works in uncontrolled conditions under practical constraints. This paper proposes a new approach for identification of human joints for gait analysis in a markerless setup or environment. The proposed method has been used successfully to determine coordinates of joints (shoulder, hip, left knee, right knee, left ankle and right ankle). The extracted positions of the joints are then compared with those obtained from marker based identification and ground truth. This comparative analysis performed confirms the efficiency of the proposed techniques used in the determination of the joint trajectory. These trajectory can play crucial role in gait related pathology diagnosis.

Published
2018
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18. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence in India: Findings from the Second Nationwide Household Serosurvey, August - September 2020

Author

Jaya Singh Kshatri, Balram Bhargava, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, R. Sabarinathan, Naman Shah, Srikanta Kanungo, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, Mariya Amin Qurieshi, Kangjam Rekha Devi, V. Saravanakumar, Falguni Debnath, Ganta Venkata Prasad, Ashrafjit S. Chahal, Ankit Viramgami, Pushpendra Singh, Arshad Kalliath, Alka Turuk, Kiran Rade, Krithikaa Sekar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Rakesh Balachandar, Dantuluri Sheethal Varma, Ramesh Kumar Sangwan, Samiran Panda, Gangeti Gandhi Jayanthi Naga Lakshmi, C. P. Girish Kumar, Vijay K. Shukla, Inaamul Haq, A.R. Nirmala, Major Madhukar, Smita Asthana, Anindya Mitra, Sriram Selvaraju, Tarun Bhatnagar, Avula Laxmaiah, M. Sunil Kumar, Seema Sahay, Vishal Chopra, Prashant Singh, Sampada Dipak Bangar, Devarajulu Reddy, Dasarathi Das, Amarendra Mahapatra, Manoj V Murhekar, Suman Sundar Mohanty, Alok Kumar Deb, Chethana Rangaraju, Dinesh Kumar Baradwaj, S. Muhammad Salim Khan, Jyothi Bhat, Avi Kumar Bansal, and Rajeev K. Singh

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Informed consent, Epidemiology, medicine, Seroprevalence, Urban slum, Rural area, Antibody prevalence, education, business, Demography
Abstract

Background: The first round of national serosurvey in India was conducted in May-June 2020 among adults from 21 States. The second serosurvey was conducted in August-September 2020 to estimate the nationwide seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population aged ten years and above. Methods: The household serosurvey was conducted among individuals aged ten years and above in the same 700 villages and wards from 70 districts selected during the first serosurvey. Blood samples were tested using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Seroprevalence was estimated after applying the sampling weights and adjusting for clustering and assay characteristics. In order to compare the adult seroprevalence between the two surveys, we randomly selected one adult serum sample from each household. Findings: The weighted and adjusted prevalence of infection among 29,082 individuals aged ten years and above was 6·6% (95% CI: 5·8% - 7·4%). The seroprevalence among adults was 7·1% (95% CI: 6·2% – 8·2%). Seroprevalence was similar across age groups, sex, and occupation. Seroprevalence was highest in urban slum areas followed by urban non-slum and rural areas. We estimated a cumulative 74·3 million infections in the country, with 26 – 32 infections for every reported COVID-19 case by August 2020. Interpretation: Nearly one in 15 individuals aged ten years and above had SARS-CoV-2 infection by August 2020. The adult seroprevalence increased ten times between May and August 2020. Lower infection to case ratio in August compared to May reflects a substantial increase in testing across the country. Funding: The study was funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India. The study sponsor was involved in reviewing the study design, writing of the manuscript and the decision to submit the paper for publication. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The authors obtained written informed consent from individuals aged 18 years and older. We obtained assent from children aged between 10–17 years, and written informed consent from their parents or guardians prior to the survey. The Central Ethics Committee of Health Research of Indian Council of Medical Research and the Institutional Human Ethics Committee of ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai approved the study protocol.

Published
2020
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19. Design, synthesis and drug resistance reversal potential of novel curcumin mimics Van D

Author

Sanghamitra Pati, Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule, A. Swaroop Sanket, Mahendra P. Darokar, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, Sadiya Khwaja, Debabrata Chanda, Swati S. Panda, Amit Chand Gupta, Arvind S. Negi, and Rajni Kant

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Tetracycline, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, medicine.drug_class, Organic Chemistry, Antibiotics, Drug resistance, Pharmacology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Multiple drug resistance, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Drug Discovery, medicine, Curcumin, Efflux, Ethidium bromide, Molecular Biology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Being crucial part of plant-based novel discovery of drug from natural resources, a study was done to explore the antibacterial potential of curcumin mimics in combination with antibiotics against multidrug resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The best candidate Van D, a curcumin mimics reduced the MIC of tetracycline (TET) up to 16 folds against multidrug resistant clinical isolates. VanD further inhibited the efflux pumps as evident by ethidium bromide efflux and by in-silico docking studies. In another experiment, it was also found that Van D inhibits biofilm synthesis. This derivative kills the KG-P2, an isolate of P. aeruginosa in a time dependent manner, the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of tetracycline was extended as well as mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of TET was also decreased. In Swiss albino mice, Van D reduced the proinflammatory cytokines concentration. In acute oral toxicity study, this derivative was well tolerated and found to be safe up to 1000 mg/kg dose. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on curcumin mimics as synergistic agent via inhibition of efflux pump.

Published
2021
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20. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence in India: Findings from the Second Nationwide Household Serosurvey, August - September 2020

Author

Murhekar, Manoj, primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Kumar, V. Saravana, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Shah, Naman, additional, Santhosh Kumar, Muthusamy, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, CP Girish, additional, Kumar, M. Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Mohanty, Suman Sundar, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., additional, Debnath, Falguni, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Kshatri, Jaya, additional, Naga Lakshmi, Gangeti Gandhi Jayanthi, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nirmala, AR, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Sangwan, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, DCS, additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, and Group, ICMR Serosurveillance, additional

Published
2020
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21. Interactive Voice Response Using Automatic Speech Recognition Techniques for Call Centers

Author

Gaurav Raj and Rohit Raj Sehgal

Subjects
User experience design, business.industry, Computer science, Speech recognition, Capital (economics), Interactive voice response, Center (algebra and category theory), Emotion recognition, business
Abstract

Speech recognition and artificial intelligence powers the automatic speech recognition systems, these system can be applied in the call center environments. This paper explains the use of emotion recognition techniques to identify if the customer are satisfied the ASR system’s performance. This paper presents approaches and techniques for how automatic speech recognition can improve the user experience and save capital in operations of call center.

Published
2018
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22. Quality Analysis for Web Services Recommendation Using Functional and Non-Functional Requirement

Author

Gaurav Raj and Rishabh Dua

Subjects
Information retrieval, Non-functional requirement, Computer science, business.industry, Quality of service, media_common.quotation_subject, Rank (computer programming), computer.software_genre, Documentation, Ranking, The Internet, Quality (business), Web service, business, computer, media_common
Abstract

WS Recommendation is challenging job due to its dynamic behavior in QoS. This document explains the various web services that are provided on the internet, how they are implemented, the protocols used in order to invoke these ws, the architecture & lifecycle of ws. The document also elucidates the various Quality analysis parameters and states the quality metrics that are available in order to evaluate the QoS. The evaluation of QoS is very important for the recommendation of web services. In this document, grading or ranking of QoS is done in order to recommend web services. The formulas for computation of rank of QoS has been analyzed and deduced in this documentation. The order in which QoS is ranked, WS is recommended to the user or clients accordingly. The formulas computed in this document are more efficient and clear in terms of factors included.

Published
2018
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26. Nonlinear temporal evolution of plasma waves in backward stimulated Raman scattering

Author

Rohit Mishra, Pallavi Jha, Ajay K. Upadhyaya, and Gaurav Raj

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Waves in plasmas, General Physics and Astronomy, Laser, law.invention, Computational physics, Wavelength, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Optics, X-ray Raman scattering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, symbols, Rayleigh scattering, Saturation (chemistry), business, Raman scattering
Abstract

The phenomenon of laser–plasma coupling is numerically studied by examining the nonlinear coupled temporal evolution of plasma wave amplitude in backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS). The theoretical model developed for numerical study takes into account the combined effects of relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities. The study shows that in BSRS, the phenomenon of nonlinear temporal growth and saturation of plasma waves strongly depends on laser radiation wavelength. This appears in the form of significant changes in saturation amplitude and saturation time of plasma waves excited due to long and short wavelength laser waves.

Published
2007
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27. Synthesis of diverse analogues of Oenostacin and their antibacterial activities☆

Author

Arvind S. Negi, Jonnala Kotesh Kumar, Chinmay Chowdhury, Kunal Shrivastava, Madan M. Gupta, Hari Om Saxena, Mahendra P. Darokar, Sunil K. Chattopadhyay, Gaurav Raj Dwivedi, Suaib Luqman, Suman P. S. Khanuja, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Atiya Fatima, and Vandana Srivastava

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, Stereochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, chemistry.chemical_compound, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Drug Discovery, Hydroxybenzoates, medicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques, Molecular Biology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Molecular Structure, biology, Organic Chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Phenolic acid, biology.organism_classification, Combinatorial chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Oenostacin, Analogue synthesis, chemistry, Molecular Medicine, Derivative (chemistry), Solution phase synthesis
Abstract

Several diverse analogues of Oenostacin, a naturally occurring potent antibacterial phenolic acid derivative, have been synthesized. A small library with more than forty analogues having different aromatic rings and varied side chains has been achieved through solution phase synthesis. Some of these analogues, that is, 22 , 23 and 42 , possessed potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus having EC 50 ranging from 0.49 to 0.67 μM as compared to Oenostacin (EC 50 = 0.12 μM).

Published
2007
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