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1. Results for PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCBs in the First Round of UNEPs Biennial Global Interlaboratory Assessment on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Author

M. Abalos, E. Abad, S.P.J. van Leeuwen, J. de Boer, G. Lindström, B. van Bavel, H. Fiedler, Chemistry and Biology, and Amsterdam Global Change Institute

Subjects
population characteristics, Pollutant, inference, seal blubber, new-model, BU Contaminanten & Toxines, dioxin-like pcbs, Research Institute for Animal Husbandry, uncertainties, chlorobiphenyls, Analytical Chemistry, Pcdd pcdf, BU Contaminants & Toxins, Environmental chemistry, Proficiency testing, %22">Fish , samples, international harmonized protocol, performance, Spectroscopy, Praktijkonderzoek Veehouderij
Abstract

The first worldwide interlaboratory assesment on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention was organized in the Asian/Pacific, Latin American and African regions during 2009-11.A relatively large number of laboratories reported data for the PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs, especially in the Asian region. Within the Asian region, several participants used high-resolution GC/high-resolution MS systems optimized for dioxin analysis. The availibility of High-resolution mass spectrometer instrumentation is limited in the Latin America and African regions, although recently several new laboratories for dioxins have started in the Latin American region. © 2012.

Published
2013
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2. Charge collection studies of proton-irradiated n- and p-type epitaxial silicon detectors

Author

Doris Eckstein, G. Lindström, Eckhart Fretwurst, Robert Klanner, J. S. Lange, and Julian Becker

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Far-infrared laser, Trapping, Radiation, Fluence, Molecular physics, Impurity, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Diode
Abstract

Proton-irradiated epitaxial pad diodes of 75, 100 and 150 μ m thickness and different oxygen concentrations were studied as an option to withstand the extreme radiation environment in the innermost tracking region of the future Super-LHC. With a new TCT setup using red laser light, time-resolved current signals could be measured in 150 μ m thin diodes. Thus the charge correction method (CCM) could be used to extract the effective trapping times. Similar results compared to previously investigated materials were obtained if the standard model of trapping is assumed, which is based on a constant trapping time at each fluence and neglects detrapping and charge multiplication. Charge collection efficiency (CCE) measured with 5.8 MeV α -particles showed an increase for decreasing thickness, but no dependence on impurity concentration was seen. CCE simulations based on the effective trapping time constants determined with the CCM resulted in systematically lower values than the measurements. This is the case for the CCE of both α -particles , red and infrared laser light. To account for this, possible modifications of the trapping model including voltage- or field-dependent trapping times will be discussed. Moreover, at high fluences and voltages anomalously high CCE > 1 was observed, which indicates charge multiplication effects.

Published
2010
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3. Properties of a radiation-induced charge multiplication region in epitaxial silicon diodes

Author

Eckhart Fretwurst, Robert Klanner, J. S. Lange, Julian Becker, and G. Lindström

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Annealing (metallurgy), FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Radiation, Epitaxy, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Charge carrier, Irradiation, Atomic physics, business, Instrumentation, Diode, Voltage
Abstract

Charge multiplication (CM) in p$^+$n epitaxial silicon pad diodes of 75, 100 and 150 $\upmu$m thickness at high voltages after proton irradiation with 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluences in the order of $10^{16}$ cm$^{-2}$ was studied as an option to overcome the strong trapping of charge carriers in the innermost tracking region of future Super-LHC detectors. Charge collection efficiency (CCE) measurements using the Transient Current Technique (TCT) with radiation of different penetration (670, 830, 1060 nm laser light and $\alpha$-particles with optional absorbers) were used to locate the CM region close to the p$^+$-implantation. The dependence of CM on material, thickness of the epitaxial layer, annealing and temperature was studied. The collected charge in the CM regime was found to be proportional to the deposited charge, uniform over the diode area and stable over a period of several days. Randomly occurring micro discharges at high voltages turned out to be the largest challenge for operation of the diodes in the CM regime. Although at high voltages an increase of the TCT baseline noise was observed, the signal-to-noise ratio was found to improve due to CM for laser light. Possible effects on the charge spectra measured with laser light due to statistical fluctuations in the CM process were not observed. In contrast, the relative width of the spectra increased in the case of $\alpha$-particles, probably due to varying charge deposited in the CM region., Comment: 11 pages, accepted by NIMA

Published
2010
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4. Radiation damage studies on MCz and standard and oxygen enriched epitaxial silicon devices

Author

Ioana Pintilie, R. Röder, G. Lindström, F. Hönniger, Eckhart Fretwurst, and Gregor Kramberger

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Doping, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Epitaxy, Oxygen, Fluence, chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Radiation damage, Wafer, Irradiation, Instrumentation
Abstract

N-type epitaxial layers of 72 μm thickness and a resistivity of 150 Ω cm have been grown on highly Sb-doped Cz-substrates at ITME (Warsaw). The diode processing was performed at CiS-Erfurt. For comparison a batch of 280 μm thick n-type MCz wafers with a resistivity of >600 Ω cm from Okmetic (Finland) was added to the process run. Depth profiles of the oxygen and carbon concentration were measured via the SIMS-method on as grown epi-layers and after different device-process steps at CiS including an oxygen enrichment at 1100 °C for 24 h. For the MCz material the profiles were measured on untreated samples and after the full device process. Irradiation runs were performed with neutrons at the TRIGA reactor of Ljubljana up to a fluence value of 1016 cm−2. The development of the macroscopic device parameters (effective doping concentration and charge collection for α-particles) as function of fluence is presented for the standard and oxygenated epi-devices and compared with the MCz-diodes. The results are discussed in the frame of defect studies resulting from TSC-measurements.

Published
2007
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5. DLTS measurements of radiation induced defects in epitaxial and MCz silicon detectors

Author

G. Lindström, Ioana Pintilie, F. Hönniger, Eckhart Fretwurst, Gregor Kramberger, and R. Röder

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Annealing (metallurgy), Doping, Cyclotron, chemistry.chemical_element, Epitaxy, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, law, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Diode
Abstract

n-Type epitaxial silicon layers of different thickness and resistivity, grown on highly Sb doped CZ-substrate by ITME (Warsaw), and n-type MCz silicon supplied by Okmetic (Finland) were used for the processing of planar diodes at CiS (Erfurt). For the epi-diodes a standard as well as a diffusion oxygenation process was employed. Irradiations had been performed with 26 MeV protons at the cyclotron of the Karlsruhe University and with neutrons at the TRIGA reactor of the Ljubljana University. Microscopic investigations using the DLTS method were done. The correlation of the IO 2 i -defect and the oxygen concentration was studied by a depth-profile measurement. The annealing behavior of the IO 2 i -defect at different temperatures was investigated and the activation energy extracted.

Published
2007
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6. Epitaxial silicon detectors for particle tracking—Radiation tolerance at extreme hadron fluences

Author

I. Dolenc, Michael Moll, Frank Hönniger, Ralf Röder, Ioana Pintilie, Elsbieta Nossarzewska, Eckhart Fretwurst, G. Lindström, and Gregor Kramberger

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Proton, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Space charge, Semiconductor, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, Atomic physics, business, Instrumentation, Shallow donor, Diode
Abstract

Diodes processed on n-type epitaxial silicon with a thickness of 25, 50 and 75 μm had been irradiated with reactor neutrons and high-energy protons (24 GeV/ c ) up to integrated fluences of Φ eq =10 16 cm −2 . Systematic experiments on radiation-induced damage effects revealed the following results: in contrast to standard and oxygen-enriched float zone (FZ) silicon devices no space charge sign inversion was observed after irradiation. It is shown that the radiation-generated concentration of deep acceptors, dominating the behavior of n-type FZ diodes, is compensated by creation of shallow donors. Thus a positive space charge is maintained throughout the irradiation up to the highest fluence and even during prolonged elevated-temperature annealing cycles. Defect analysis studies using thermally stimulated current measurements attribute the effect to a damage-induced shallow donor at E C −0.23 eV. It is argued that, as in the case of thermal donors, oxygen dimers, out diffusing from the Cz substrate during the diode processing, are responsible precursers. Results from extensive annealing experiments at elevated temperatures are verified by comparison with prolonged room-temperature annealing. These results showed that in contrast to FZ detectors, which always have to be cooled, room-temperature storage during beam off periods of future elementary particle physics experiments would even be beneficial for n-type epi-silicon detectors. A dedicated experiment at CERN-PS had successfully proven this expectation. It was verified, that in such a scenario the depletion voltage for the epi-detector could always be kept at a moderate level throughout the full S-LHC operation (foreseen upgrade of the large hadron collider). Practically no difference with respect to FZ-silicon devices was found in the damage-induced bulk generation current. The charge trapping measured with 90 Sr electrons (mip's) is also almost identical to what was expected. A charge collection efficiency of 60% (2500 e) in 50 μm n-type epi-diodes after 24 GeV/ c proton irradiation with Φ eq =6.2×10 15 cm −2 was reported recently, independent of the operating temperature down to −20 °C.

Published
2006
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7. Radiation tolerance of epitaxial silicon detectors at very large proton fluences

Author

M. Möller-Ivens, Ioana Pintilie, Eckhart Fretwurst, Gregor Kramberger, Andreas Schramm, G. Lindström, and F. Hönniger

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, business.industry, Annealing (metallurgy), Radiation, Acceptor, Semiconductor detector, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Diode
Abstract

Detectors processed on epitaxial silicon are a promising solution for the extreme radiation levels in the innermost tracking layers at future particle physics experiments as in the upgraded (S-LHC). In order to systematically investigate their radiation tolerance, sets of 25 and 50-μm-thick diodes had been irradiated with 24 GeV/ c protons up to fluences of Φ eq =10 16 cm −2 . The full depletion voltage was measured during full isothermal annealing cycles at both 60 and 80 °C. A voltage of only 290 V was measured for the 50 μm diodes after Φ eq =10 16 cm −2 . In contrast to likewise thin float zone (FZ) diodes, the depletion voltage in epi-devices decreases with annealing during foreseen operational and storage periods. Low-temperature storage during beam-off periods as inevitable for FZ devices could be avoided. The reverse annealing components reveal an overall similar functional time dependence as observed in FZ diodes. However, the most important stable component is drastically different. In contrast to the well-known negative space charge build up observed in FZ diodes, the behavior in epi-diodes can only be explained by an additional formation of positive space charge. The immense improvement of the radiation tolerance of epi-detectors is thus attributed to a compensation effect between acceptor generation and donor creation unique for the epi-material. Charge collection efficiency drops only to about 80% after Φ eq =6×10 15 cm −2 proving that epi-detectors are indeed adequate candidates for the tracking area at extremely large radiation levels.

Published
2006
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8. Stable radiation-induced donor generation and its influence on the radiation tolerance of silicon diodes

Author

M. Buda, Ioana Pintilie, J. Stahl, G. Lindström, and Eckhart Fretwurst

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Doping, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Acceptor, Semiconductor, chemistry, Radiation damage, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Shallow donor, Diode
Abstract

Four different kinds of silicon materials (standard float zone—FZ, oxygen enriched FZ—DOFZ, Czochralski—Cz and thin epitaxial layers grown on Cz substrates—Epi/Cz) have been investigated in this work. They have been irradiated with 60Co-γ-radiation and 24 GeV/c protons. The differences in the changes observed in the effective doping concentration (Neff) after proton irradiation of Cz and Epi silicon can be explained by the balance between the formation of two types of defects—a deep acceptor (the I center, referred to as Ip in this paper in order to avoid any confusion with interstitials) and a shallow donor (the bistable donor (BD) complex). While the formation of the Ip center depends on the concentration of interstitial oxygen, the BD is generated in materials with high concentration of oxygen dimers. Following the generation of the IO2i defect—detected after low irradiation fluences only in Epi and Cz material—the average dimer concentration in 50 μm Epi/Cz was estimated to be of only 2.7 times lower than in Cz diodes. A value of ∼2.7×10−12 cm2 for the electron capture cross-section of the Thermal Double Donors (TDDs), present in the Cz material, was also measured for the first time. The positive space charge introduced by ionization of the BD centers in Epi diodes was directly determined from TSC experiments for two irradiation fluences. The determined values show a linear fluence dependence for the formation of BD centers. By taking into account the BD and the Ip center generation as well as the donor removal, the change of the effective doping concentration Neff at 20 °C in Epi/Cz and Cz diodes after an annealing time of 120 min at 60 °C can be explained up to a negative space charge introduction rate of ∼2.2×10−2 cm−1 thought to be determined by negatively charged clusters. Long-time annealing experiments at 80 °C have shown that the generation of BDs represents a stable damage.

Published
2006
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9. Charge collection properties of heavily irradiated epitaxial silicon detectors

Author

M. Zavrtanik, Gregor Kramberger, I. Dolenc, Igor Mandić, Vladimir Cindro, Eckhart Fretwurst, G. Lindström, and Marko Mikuž

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Preamplifier, business.industry, Electron, Radiation, Epitaxy, Ionizing radiation, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Detectors processed on epitaxial silicon seem to be a viable solution for the extreme radiation levels in the innermost layers of tracking detectors at upgraded LHC (SLHC). A set of epitaxial pad detectors of 50 and 75 μ m thicknesses ( ρ = 50 Ω cm ) was irradiated with 24 GeV / c protons and reactor neutrons up to equivalent fluences of 10 16 cm - 2 . Charge collection for minimum ionizing electrons from a 90 Sr source was measured using a charge sensitive preamplifier and a 25 ns shaping circuit. The dependence of collected charge on annealing time and operation temperature was studied. Results were used to predict the performance of fine pitch pixel detectors proposed for SLHC.

Published
2005
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10. High energy proton damage effects in thin high resistivity FZ silicon detectors

Author

Ladislav Andricek, Andreas Schramm, F. Hönniger, Robert Richter, G. Lindström, G. Lutz, M. Reiche, Gregor Kramberger, and Eckhart Fretwurst

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Annealing (metallurgy), Wafer bonding, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Fluence, Nuclear physics, Semiconductor, Amplitude, chemistry, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The proposed luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (S-LHC) will demand the inner most layers of the vertex detector to sustain fluences of about 10 16 charged hadrons/cm 2 . Due to the high multiplicity of tracks, the required spatial resolution and the extremely harsh radiation field thin silicon detector assemblies are proposed as a possible solution for this challenge. The radiation tolerance of 50 μm thin high resistivity float zone (FZ) devices has been studied for 24 GeV/ c protons in the fluence range between 4×10 13 cm −2 and 8.6×10 15 cm −2 . For the manufacturing of such thin devices, a technology based on direct wafer bonding and deep anisotropic etching was used. Annealing measurements at 80 °C have shown that the introduction rate g C in the stable damage component is about the same as observed for oxygen enriched FZ detectors and that the fluence dependence of the reverse annealing amplitude N Y exhibits a saturating function. It is also demonstrated that the annealing behavior of the reverse current related damage parameter α is independent on the fluence and the silicon material parameters. Charge collection efficiency (CCE) measurements were performed using 5.8 MeV α-particles. After fully annealing for about 31 days at 80 °C CCE was determined by extrapolation to be 66% at 10 16 p/cm 2 .

Published
2005
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11. Elimination and formation of electrically active defects in hydrogenated silicon particle detectors irradiated with electrons

Author

N. Zamiatin, Michael Moll, S.B. Lastovski, Leonid Makarenko, M.S. Rusetsky, Ioana Pintilie, F.P. Korshunov, Eckhart Fretwurst, N. Kazuchits, and G. Lindström

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Hydrogen, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Annealing (metallurgy), chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Float-zone silicon, Photochemistry, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry, Electron beam processing, Radiation damage, Redistribution (chemistry), Physics::Atomic Physics, Irradiation, Instrumentation
Abstract

The influence of preliminary treatment in hydrogen plasma on elimination of radiation defects and formation of thermal donors has been studied in detector structures made of standard float zone silicon. The detectors were irradiated with 3.5 MeV electrons and annealed at temperatures of 50–350 °C. It has been found that preliminary hydrogenation at 300 °C leads to disappearance of divacancies and vacancy–oxygen complexes at lower annealing temperatures. The annealing of hydrogenated and irradiated crystals is accompanied by hydrogen redistribution and formation of hydrogen-related donors.

Published
2005
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12. Radiation-induced donor generation in epitaxial and Cz diodes

Author

E. Fretwurst, Ioana Pintilie, G. Lindström, M. Buda, F. Hönniger, and J. Stahl

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Doping, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Epitaxy, Acceptor, Semiconductor, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Shallow donor, Diode
Abstract

Thin epitaxial layers grown on Cz substrates (Epi) and high resistivity Cz diodes have been irradiated with fluences of 2×10 14 cm −2 24 GeV protons. It is shown that the differences in the changes observed in the effective doping concentration ( N eff ) after irradiation of Epi silicon can be explained by the balance between the formation of two type of defects—a deep acceptor (the I center) and a shallow donor (the BD complex). The BD concentration in Epi material is evaluated to be ∼1.3×10 12 cm −3 .

Published
2005
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13. Studies of bulk damage induced in different silicon materials by 900Mev electron irradiation

Author

L. Bosisio, G. Lindström, Jaakko Härkönen, Devis Contarato, Eckhart Fretwurst, G. D'Auria, S. Dittongo, and Esa Tuovinen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Dopant, Silicon, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), Electron, Fluence, chemistry, Electron beam processing, Irradiation, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening
Abstract

Silicon test structures manufactured on different substrate materials (standard and oxygenated float-zone, magnetic and non-magnetic Czochralski, epitaxial silicon) have been irradiated with 900 MeV electrons up to a fluence of 6.1 × 10 15 e / cm 2 . Results are reported on the variation of the effective dopant concentration and of the leakage current density as a function of the electron fluence. The time evolution of the effective dopant concentration is also reported after thermal annealing cycles at 80 ∘ C .

Published
2005
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14. Bulk damage effects in standard and oxygen-enriched silicon detectors induced by 60Co-gamma radiation

Author

Z. Li, Eckhart Fretwurst, Ioana Pintilie, R. Röder, G. Lindström, J.A. Kierstead, E. M. Verbitskaya, and J. Stahl

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Acceptor, Space charge, Oxygen, chemistry, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Shallow donor
Abstract

The influence of oxygen in silicon on bulk damage effects induced by 60Co-gamma irradiation has been studied in a dose range between 0.2 and 900 Mrad. The detector processing and oxygen enrichment were carried out in a common project by the Institute of Micro-sensors CiS using n-type high-resistivity FZ silicon (3–6 kΩ cm) with 〈1 1 1〉 and 〈1 0 0〉 orientation. Different oxygen concentrations were achieved by diffusion at 1150°C for 24, 48 and 72 h. This report on bulk damage effects is focussed on the observed changes in the reverse current, the effective space charge density Neff extracted from C/V measurements and investigations using the transient current technique. A substantial improvement of radiation hardness concerning the development of the macroscopic properties was found for detectors manufactured on oxygenated material compared to standard material. It will be demonstrated that the change of the effective space charge density as well as the increase of the reverse current can be attributed to the creation of two deep acceptor levels and a shallow donor level.

Published
2003
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15. Results on defects induced by 60Co gamma irradiation in standard and oxygen-enriched silicon

Author

Eckhart Fretwurst, G. Lindström, Ioana Pintilie, and J. Stahl

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Deep level, Silicon, Oxygen deficient, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Trapping, Crystallographic defect, Float zone, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Diode, Gamma irradiation
Abstract

Radiation-induced defects in silicon diodes were investigated after exposure to high doses of 60 Co gamma irradiation, using Deep Level Transient Fourier Spectroscopy and Thermally Stimulated Current methods. The main focus was on differences between standard and oxygen-enriched material and the impact of the observed defect generation on the diode properties. Two close to mid gap trapping levels and a bi-stable donor level have been found to be responsible for the main macroscopic changes both in standard and oxygen-enriched float zone diodes.

Published
2003
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16. Radiation damage in silicon detectors

Author

G. Lindström

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, equipment and supplies, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Voltage
Abstract

Radiation damage effects in silicon detectors under severe hadron and gamma-irradiation are surveyed, focusing on bulk effects. Both macroscopic detector properties (reverse current, depletion voltage and charge collection) as also the underlying microscopic defect generation are covered. Basic results are taken from the work done in the CERN-RD48 (ROSE) collaboration updated by results of recent work. Preliminary studies on the use of dimerized float zone and Czochralski silicon as detector material show possible benefits. An essential progress in the understanding of the radiation-induced detector deterioration had recently been achieved in gamma irradiation, directly correlating defect analysis data with the macroscopic detector performance.

Published
2003
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17. Deep defect levels in standard and oxygen enriched silicon detectors before and after 60Co-γ-irradiation

Author

G. Lindström, Eckhart Fretwurst, J. Stahl, and Ioana Pintilie

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Deep-level transient spectroscopy, Silicon, business.industry, Diffusion, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Oxygen, Crystallographic defect, chemistry, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Limiting oxygen concentration, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Capacitance Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (C-DLTS) measurements have been performed on standard and oxygen-doped silicon detectors manufactured from high-resistivity n-type float zone material with 〈1 1 1〉 and 〈1 0 0〉 orientation. Three different oxygen concentrations were achieved by the so-called diffusion oxygenated float zone (DOFZ) process initiated by the CERN-RD48 (ROSE) collaboration. Before the irradiation a material characterization has been performed. In contrast to radiation damage by neutrons or high-energy charged hadrons, were the bulk damage is dominated by a mixture of clusters and point defects, the bulk damage caused by 60 Co-γ-radiation is only due to the introduction of point defects. The dominant electrically active defects which have been detected after 60 Co-γ-irradiation by C-DLTS are the electron traps VO i , C i C s , V 2 (=/−), V 2 (−/0) and the hole trap C i O i . The main difference between standard and oxygenated silicon at low dose values can be seen in the introduction rate of C i C s compared to C i O i . For highly oxygenated silicon the introduction of C i C s is fully suppressed, while the sum of the introduction rates g (C i C s )+ g (C i O i ) is independent on the oxygen concentration.

Published
2003
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18. Relation between microscopic defects and macroscopic changes in silicon detector properties after hadron irradiation

Author

M. Kuhnke, Michael Moll, E. Fretwurst, and G. Lindström

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Fluence, Crystallographic defect, chemistry, Radiation damage, Neutron, Irradiation, Atomic physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

Silicon detectors produced from materials with different resistivities and oxygen concentrations have been irradiated with energetic neutrons, protons and pions. Isothermal annealing studies have shown correlation between microscopic defect evolution and the macroscopic detector performance. It was found that the annealing behavior of the electron traps attributed to the single and double charged divacancy is strongly related to the current related damage parameter α. In both cases the isothermal evolution is independent of the oxygen and doping concentration in the material under investigation ( 2×10 14 O ] 18 cm −3 and 10 12 P ] 13 cm −3 ) and the absolute values do not depend on the particles used for the irradiation provided the fluence is properly normalized by the nonionizing energy loss (NIEL). In contrast to this result the introduction rates of the observed point defects VOi and CiCs were however found to depend on the particle type. Thus clear indication is given that the generation of point defects does not scale with NIEL. Compared to neutron irradiated samples the introduction rate after irradiation with charged hadrons was found to be higher by a factor around 2.

Published
2002
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19. Investigation on the improved radiation hardness of silicon detectors with high oxygen concentration

Author

Eckhart Fretwurst, Michael Moll, and G. Lindström

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Doping, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Oxygen, Acceptor, Fluence, chemistry, Limiting oxygen concentration, Irradiation, Instrumentation, Diode
Abstract

We present an investigation on the influence of the oxygen concentration on radiation-induced changes in the effective doping concentration of silicon detectors. Diodes fabricated from silicon with interstitial oxygen content ranging from below 2×10 14 to 9×10 17 cm −3 have been irradiated with fast neutrons up to a fluence of 2×10 15 cm −2 . Our main interest focused on the so-called stable damage component in the change of the effective doping concentration being of prime importance for the application of silicon detectors in high-energy physics experiments. We demonstrate, that with a high oxygen enrichment the donor removal is appreciably reduced, reaching a value of only 10% of the initial doping concentration for [O i ]=9×10 17 cm −3 , while for normal detector grade material with [O i ] below 5×10 16 cm −3 that value is 60–90%. Furthermore, we show that the fluence proportional introduction of stable acceptors is independent of the oxygen concentration with an averaged introduction rate of (1.49±0.03)×10 −2 cm −1 . Only one material was found exhibiting a significantly smaller value of about 0.6×10 −2 cm −1 and thus indicating the possibility to suppress the radiation-induced acceptor creation by material modification. Finally, we show that the experimental findings disagree in several important aspects with predictions made by microscopic defect kinetics models, leaving the physical background of some of the measured data as an open question.

Published
2000
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20. Radiation hardness of silicon detectors – a challenge from high-energy physics

Author

Eckhart Fretwurst, G. Lindström, and Michael Moll

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Engineering physics, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Radiation damage, Irradiation, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening
Abstract

An overview of the radiation-damage-induced problems connected with the application of silicon particle detectors in future high-energy physics experiments is given. Problems arising from the expected hadron fluences are summarized and the use of the nonionizing energy loss for normalization of bulk damage is explained. The present knowledge on the deterioration effects caused by irradiation is described leading to an appropriate modeling. Examples are given for a correlation between the change in the macroscopic performance parameters and effects to be seen on the microscopic level by defect analysis. Finally possible ways are out-lined for improving the radiation tolerance of silicon detectors either by operational conditions, process technology or defect engineering.

Published
1999
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21. Leakage current of hadron irradiated silicon detectors – material dependence

Author

Eckhart Fretwurst, G. Lindström, and Michael Moll

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Annealing (metallurgy), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Fluence, Neutron temperature, chemistry, Impurity, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Radiation damage, Irradiation, Instrumentation
Abstract

The leakage current increase of silicon detectors irradiated with fast neutrons was measured in the fluence range from 10 11 to 10 15 cm −2 for a wide range of different starting material. The oxygen concentration in the investigated silicon varied from 9×10 17 cm −3 to below 2×10 14 cm −3 and the carbon concentration from 2×10 16 cm −3 to below 5×10 15 cm −3 . Furthermore the resistivity differed from 100 Ω cm to 20 kΩ cm for the used n-type and from 400 Ω cm to 2 kΩ cm for the p-type silicon. It is found that up to the highest fluence the current-related damage parameter alpha is almost independent of the initial resistivity and impurity concentration. After irradiation a universal annealing behavior for all material is observed which unmistakably indicates that the microscopic defects underlying the generation of leakage current are of intrinsic origin. Furthermore it is shown that the parameterization of the annealing behavior at an elevated temperature (here 60°C) provides an excellent tool for comparing the so-called hardness factors of different irradiation sources. As an example the hardness factors for the 24 GeV/ c CERN proton synchrotron and the TRIGA research reactor in Ljubljana were determined to be 0.51 and 0.90, respectively.

Published
1999
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22. Correlation between a deep hole trap and the reverse annealing effect in neutron-irradiated silicon detectors

Author

G. Lindström, H. Feick, Eckhart Fretwurst, and Michael Moll

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Annealing (metallurgy), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Doping, Detector, technology, industry, and agriculture, chemistry.chemical_element, Deep hole, equipment and supplies, chemistry, Optoelectronics, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Neutron, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

We report on a correlation between a deep hole trap observed by TSC (Thermally Stimulated Current) and the so-called reverse annealing effect of the effective doping concentration in neutron-irradiated silicon detectors.

Published
1998
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23. Analysis of TSC spectra measured on silicon pad detectors after exposure to fast neutrons

Author

P. Heydarpoor, G. Lindström, Eckhart Fretwurst, Michael Moll, and H. Feick

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric temperature range, Crystallographic defect, Neutron temperature, Particle detector, Semimetal, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Electric field, Instrumentation
Abstract

We present thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectra measured on asymmetric p-n-junctions fabricated from detector grade silicon. A multitude of characteristic deep levels generated by fast neutron-induced damage with fluences ranging from 10 12 to 10 14 cm −2 were observed. The TSC spectra were found to depend strongly on both the filling conditions and the electric field strength in the device. The filling of the deep levels has been investigated in detail by varying the current, temperature, and duration of the free carrier injection pulse. The corresponding observations in conjunction with a delayed heating analysis allow a tentative identification of the complex defects VO i , C i O i , C i C s , and the divacancy VV.

Published
1997
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24. Comparison of defects produced by fast neutrons and 60Co-gammas in high-resistivity silicon detectors using deep-level transient spectroscopy

Author

H. Feick, G. Lindström, Eckhart Fretwurst, Michael Moll, and C. Schütze

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Deep-level transient spectroscopy, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, technology, industry, and agriculture, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystallographic defect, Molecular physics, Neutron temperature, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Neutron, Irradiation, Instrumentation
Abstract

Measurements of radiation-induced defects in high-resistivity silicon detectors irradiated with 14.1 MeV neutrons and 60Co-gammas have been performed using the Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy technique (DLTS). Five electron traps and one hole trap were found in both neutron- and gamma-irradiated samples differing only in the relative defect concentrations. Furthermore, two additional levels were only detected in the neutron irradiated detectors. The observed defects are identified by comparing the measured energy levels, capture cross sections, and introduction rates to those known from literature. In addition, these assignments are supported by the annealing behaviour observed in two neutron-irradiated samples during a short-term annealing at room temperature and an isochronal heat treatment. The differences found between the defect production by fast neutrons and 60Co-gammas are discussed.

Published
1997
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25. Scanning transient current study of the I-V stabilization phenomena in silicon detectors irradiated by fast neutrons

Author

G. Lindström, A. Sidorov, E. M. Verbitskaya, Eckhart Fretwurst, V. K. Eremin, and Z. Li

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Physics::Medical Physics, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Space charge, Transient current, Neutron temperature, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, Atomic physics, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Investigations of the I - V stabilization phenomenon in neutron-irradiated silicon detectors have been carried out using scanning transient current technique (STCT) on non-irradiated p + -p-n + detectors. The p + -p-n + structure was used to simulate the p + -n-n + detectors irradiated beyond the space charge sign inversion (SCSI). Two mechanisms partially responsible for the I - V stabilization have been identified.

Published
1997
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26. Investigation of damage-induced defects in silicon by TCT

Author

Z. Li, V Eremin, E. Fretwurst, H. Feick, G. Lindström, and J Gerhardt

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Biasing, Electron, Operating temperature, chemistry, Electric field, Optoelectronics, Neutron, Charge carrier, business, Instrumentation, Ohmic contact
Abstract

Neutron- and 60 Co gamma-irradiated silicon detectors have been investigated using time-resolved current transients (TCT) induced by nanosecond laser pulses. Measurements were performed as a function of operating temperature (100–300 K) and bias voltage. Illumination was done on both the junction and ohmic side, allowing the investigation of the free charge carrier transport for electrons, respectively, holes separately. In this way, temperature-dependent trapping and detrapping effects as well as related electric field transformations have been studied and enable us to extract relevant defect parameters. Results achieved for the damaged detectors are presented and discussed in comparison with DLTS data.

Published
1997
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27. Determination of the longitudinal proton structure function FL(x,Q2) at low x

Author

C. Adloff, S. Aid, M. Anderson, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, C. Arndt, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, M. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, J. Blümlein, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, W. Brückner, P. Bruel, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, D. Calvet, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, K.T. Donovan, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, T. Haller, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, B. Heinemann, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, K. Hewitt, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, M. Ibbotson, Ç. İşsever, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, D.M. Jansen, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, M. Kausch, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, S. Levonian, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, P. Loch, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, L. Lytkin, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, F. Metlica, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, I. Négri, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, T. Nunnemann, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, B. Povh, S. Prell, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, S. Riemersma, H. Rick, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, L. Schoeffel, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, J. Steinhart, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stößlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, N. Tobien, R. Todenhagen, P. Truöl, G. Tsipolitis, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, E. Tzamariudaki, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, M. Wobisch, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, P. Zini, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, M. zurNedden, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, Order (ring theory), HERA, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Momentum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Cross section (physics), Positron, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

A measurement of the inclusive cross section for the deep-inelastic scattering of positrons off protons at HERA is presented at momentum transfers $8.5 \leq Q^2 \leq 35 GeV^2$ and large inelasticity $y = 0.7$, i.e. for the Bjorken-x range $0.00013 \leq x \leq 0.00055$. Using a next-to-leading order QCD fit to the structure function F_2 at lower y values, the contribution of F_2 to the measured cross section at high y is calculated and, by subtraction, the longitudinal structure function F_{L} is determined for the first time with an average value of $F_L=0.52 \pm 0.03 (stat)$^ {+0.25}_{-0.22}$ (syst) at $Q^2=15.4 GeV^2$ and $x=0.000243$., 17 pages, latex, 4 Figures

Published
1997
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28. Radiation induced bulk damage in silicon detectors

Author

H. Feick, A. Rolf, G. N. Taylor, B. Kaiser, F. Lemeilleur, F. Fares, G. Lindström, Maurice Glaser, Eckhart Fretwurst, Michael Moll, R. Wunstorf, C. Furetta, S.J. Bates, Claus Gößling, E. León-Florián, and A. Chilingarov

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Signal, Effective nuclear charge, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation, Parametrization, Voltage
Abstract

The paper discusses the current status of radiation damage to the bulk material of silicon detectors. In particular the main effects of current increase, change in the effective charge carrier density and its effect on the operation voltage, and the signal charge collection in silicon detectors are reviewed. Detailed measurements have allowed parametrization of the effects, which are in turn used to simulate long term performance of detectors in the environment expected in future hadron collider experiments. Recent results on pion damage measurements are highlighted. Studies aimed at reducing systematic errors inherent in comparing analyses of different groups are discussed, as are possible indications of material dependent effects from recent measurements.

Published
1996
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29. Pion-induced damage in silicon detectors

Author

G. Lindström, Eckhart Fretwurst, E. León-Florián, B. Kaiser, Claus Gößling, A. Chilingarov, F. Lemeilleur, S.J. Bates, R. Wunstorf, H. Feick, C. Furetta, M. Glaser, A. Rolf, Michael Moll, and G. N. Taylor

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Annealing (metallurgy), Nuclear Theory, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Pion, chemistry, Impurity, Neutron, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract

The damage induced by pions in silicon detectors is studied for positive and negative pions for fluences up to 1014 cm−2 and 1013 cm−2, respectively. Results on the energy dependence of the damage in the region of 65 to 330 MeV near to the Δ resonance are presented. The change in detector characteristics such as leakage current, charge collection efficiency and effective impurity concentration including long-term annealing effects have been studied. Comparisons to neutron- and proton-induced damage are presented and discussed.

Published
1996
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30. Damage-induced surface effects in silicon detectors

Author

P. Schlichthärle, A. Rolf, C. Osius, H. Feick, Robert Richter, R. Wunstorf, T. Rohe, G. Lindström, Eckhart Fretwurst, and G. Lutz

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Proton, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux, Electron, Depletion region, chemistry, Electric field, Irradiation, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

One of the main applications of silicon detectors in future collider experiments is their use in the tracking area. In addition to the very intense hadron flux (both neutral and charged) causing bulk damage, a severe effect by ionizing radiation has also to be envisioned at small radii. In the present study results obtained after irradiation with low energetic electrons (20 keV) are presented. In this case bulk damage can be completely excluded. Effects on the oxide charge and density of interface states are characterized by C—V and I—V measurements. In addition the corresponding changes of the space charge region are observed with a scanning proton micro beam. The electric field distribution, the depletion depth and the lateral extension of the depletion region is thus investigated and the results are compared with detailed simulations using the ToSCA-program.

Published
1996
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31. Neutron induced defects in silicon detectors characterized by DLTS and TSC methods

Author

P. Heydarpoor, H. Feick, Michael Moll, C. Schütze, C. Dehn, G. Lindström, T. Schulz, and Eckhart Fretwurst

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fabrication, Silicon, Annealing (metallurgy), Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Molecular physics, Float zone, chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Thermal, Neutron, Instrumentation
Abstract

Neutron induced defects in silicon detectors fabricated from n-type float zone material of different resistivity (100–6000Ω cm) have been studied using the C-DLTS (Capacitance-Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy) and TSC (Thermally Stimulated Current) method. While the application of the C-DLTS technique for high resistivity material is limited to neutron fluences below about 1011 cm−2 the TSC method remains a powerful tool for the defect characterization even at high fluences. Up to 5 defect levels were observed in some of the unirradiated samples. These partly are due to thermal treatments during the fabrication process. After neutron irradiation defect levels at Ec − 0.17, −0.23 and −0.42 eV and at Ev + 0.36 eV were found. A detailed analysis of the predominant peak at about −0.42 eV has shown that it is a superposition of two levels at −0.39 and −0.42 eV. For these defect levels introduction rates, annealing effects and a comparison between the DLTS and TSC technique are presented. Possible correlations of these results with macroscopic detector properties are discussed.

Published
1996
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32. Long term damage studies using silicon detectors fabricated from different starting materials and irradiated with neutrons, protons, and pions

Author

G. Lindström, Michael Moll, H. Feick, and Eckhart Fretwurst

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Neutron flux, Neutron, Irradiation, Atomic physics, Float-zone silicon, Instrumentation, Fluence, Particle detector, Neutron temperature, Semiconductor detector
Abstract

The long term annealing behavior of particle detectors fabricated from high resistivity float zone silicon with initial doping concentrations ranging from 0.6 × 10 12 cm −3 (p-type) to 2.5 × 10 12 cm −3 (n-type) was studied after exposure to fast neutrons with fluences up to 8 × 10 12 cm −2 . Moreover, the energy dependence of the pion displacement damage function was investigated and long term damage effects were compared for high fluence irradiations by neutrons, protons, and pions ( Φ > 10 13 cm −2 ). The effective doping concentration and the bulk generation current, taken from standard CV - and IV -measurements, were monitored in isothermal annealing procedures at 50°C. The reverse annealing of the effective doping concentration was found to be independent of the initial doping concentration. On the other hand, considerable differences were seen for the unannealing fraction. The problem of a particle and energy independent fluence normalization to equivalent 1 MeV neutron values (damage functions, NIEL hypothesis) is discussed.

Published
1996
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33. Photoproduction of mesons in electron-proton collisions at HERA

Author

S. Aid, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, H. Lohmander, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, T. Merz, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg_Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, N. Sahlmann, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stöβlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, A. Walther, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, and M. zurNedden

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Meson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Order (ring theory), Parton, HERA, Charm quark, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

At the electron-proton collider HERA the inclusive D-*+/- meson photoproduction cross section has been measured with the H1 detector in two different, but partly overlapping, kinematical regions. For the first, where [W-gamma p] approximate to 200 GeV and Q(2) < 0.01 GeV2, the result is sigma(gamma p --> c(c) over barX$) = (13.2 +/- 2.2(-1.7-4.8)(+2.1+9.9)) mu b. The second measurement for Q(2) < 4 GeV2 yields sigma(gamma p) --> c(c) over barX$) = (9.3 +/- 2.1(-1.8-3.2)(+1.9+6.9)) mu b at [W-gamma p] approximate to 142 GeV and sigma(gamma p --> c(c) over barX$) = (20.6 +/- 5.5(-3.9-7.2)(+4.3+15.4)) mu b at [W-gamma p] approximate to 230 GeV, respectively. The third error accounts for an additional uncertainty due to the proton and photon parton density parametrizations. Differential cross sections are presented as a function of the D-*+/- transverse momentum and rapidity. The results compare reasonably well with next-to-leading order QCD calculations. Evidence for diffractive photoproduction of charm quarks is presented.

Published
1996
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34. Elastic electroproduction of ϱ and mesons at large Q2 at HERA

Author

S. Aid, V Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançoni, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlanf, A. Courauab, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roec, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, D. Dullmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, J. Formanek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, U. Goerlac, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Johnson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforgei, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, H. Lohmander, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meyer, T. Merz, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, R-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Miiller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawlett, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, N. Sahlmann, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stöβlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P Sutton, S. Tapprogge, [au M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkdrovd, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, A. Walther, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, M. Zimmer, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, and M. zurNedden

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Meson, Proton, Momentum transfer, Theoretical models, High Energy Physics::Experiment, HERA, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The total cross sections for the elastic electroproduction of $\rh0$ and $J/\Psi$ mesons for $Q^2$ $>$ 8 GeV$^2$ and $ \simeq 90$ GeV/c$^2$ are measured at HERA with the H1 detector. The measurements are for an integrated electron$-$proton luminosity of $\simeq$~3~pb$^{-1}$. The dependences of the total virtual photon$-$proton ($\gamma^* p$) cross sections on $Q^2$, $W$ and the momentum transfer squared to the proton ($t$), and, for the $\rho$, the dependence on the polar decay angle ($\cos \theta^*$), are presented. The $J/\Psi$ : $\rh0$ cross section ratio is determined. The results are discussed in the light of theoretical models and of the interplay of hard and soft physics processes.

Published
1996
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35. Observation of a bistable defect generated and activated by heat treatments in irradiated high resistivity silicon detectors

Author

H. Feick, T. Schulz, Eckhart Fretwurst, G. Lindström, and Michael Moll

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Silicon, Bistability, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Radiation, Crystallographic defect, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, Depletion region, Optoelectronics, sense organs, Irradiation, skin and connective tissue diseases, business
Abstract

Systematic investigations of transient effects in the depletion voltage of radiation damaged silicon detectors after heat treatments have been performed. Experimental results on the change of the depletion voltage induced by forward bias, illumination or further heat treatments are presented. The observed change as function of time and temperature is discussed in terms of the generation, activation and annihilation of a bistable defect.

Published
1995
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36. Radiation studies and operational projections for silicon in the ATLAS inner detector

Author

G. Lindström, H. Feick, A. Chilingarov, T. Schulz, Eckhart Fretwurst, and Shaun Roe

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, High resistivity silicon, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Radiation, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Optics, chemistry, Atlas (anatomy), medicine, Radiation damage, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The current models for bulk damage in high resistivity silicon have been reviewed. The damage constants were obtained from a global data survey. On this basis the degradation of the silicon counters in the ATLAS Inner Detector during a 10 year LHC operation is forecasted.

Published
1995
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37. A search for heavy leptons at HERA

Author

Peter Robmann, S. Aid, P. E. Reimer, J. Duboc, B. Stella, G. Müller, E. M. Hanlon, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, L. R. West, V. Korbel, K. Rüter, C. Niebuhr, R. D. Appuhn, H. Krehbiel, A. Gellrich, F. Lamarche, G. G. Winter, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, Hermann Kolanoski, P. Steffen, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, Horst Oberlack, K. Rosenbauer, M. Vecko, P. R. Newman, J. Riedlberger, D. Mercer, G. Buschhorn, S. M. Robertson, R. L. Lander, S. Levonian, S. Masson, M. Colombo, D. Goldner, Y. Soloviev, Mikhail Danilov, F. Charles, M. F. Hess, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, G. Lindström, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, R. Roosen, C. Gruber, H. P. Wellisch, Max Weber, J. Turnau, T. Jansen, M. Steenbock, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, J. Martyniak, G. Thompson, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, A. Courau, B. Andrieu, T. Carli, K. Flamm, Christophe Royon, R. Nisius, Benno List, A. Buniatian, K. C. Hoeger, C. A. Meyer, G. Grindhammer, G. Rädel, D. Lüke, E. Wünsch, B. Fominykh, P. I. P. Kalmus, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, R. Kaschowitz, W. Hildesheim, Roland Horisberger, A. Valkárová, V. Riech, I. Sheviakov, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, Ph. Huet, S. Riess, A. Gruber, I. W. Walker, A. Braemer, K. Rybicki, H. Itterbeck, P. Van Mechelen, M. Hapke, D. Düllmann, H. Henschel, D. Kant, Ch. Pichler, P. Hill, J. Bán, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, Emmanuelle Perez, Christoph Grab, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, M. Goldberg, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, O. Dünger, M. Korn, Winston Ko, Dave Sankey, G. Siegmon, Jean-Arcady Meyer, R. Nahnhauer, E. Barrelet, U. Krüger, F. Botterweck, K. Daum, C. Pascaud, P. Loch, R. Gerhards, G. Weber, U. Straumann, David Cussans, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. Martens, Daniel Johnson, Vincent Hedberg, Frank Raupach, G. Knies, Armen Vartapetian, J. D. Dowell, R. J. Ellison, R. Marshall, Guenter Eckerlin, G. Cozzika, Dirk Krücker, L. N. Shtarkov, G. D. Patel, André Schöning, F. Kole, S. Schiek, F. Eisele, A. Jacholkowska, P. Verrecchia, J. R. Smith, S. Dagoret, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, F. Linsel, A. Wegener, L. Goerlich, A. Panitch, Martin Erdmann, S. D. Kolya, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, V. Schröder, R. Herma, Karlheinz Meier, J. Heatherington, J. Haack, Stefan Valkar, U. Obrock, Wolfgang Lange, E. Eisenhandler, Gregorio Bernardi, F. Niebergall, K. H. Hiller, Eckhart Fretwurst, I. O. Skillicorn, H. H. Kaufmann, H. B. Dreis, Eckhard Elsen, F. Brasse, R. C. W. Henderson, D. Newton, J. Gayler, R. Maraček, Anton Babaev, V. Efremenko, J. Ferencei, Steve McMahon, C. Thiebaux, S. Eichenberger, V I. Shekelyan, A. Walther, N. Wulff, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, R. Prosi, L. Büngener, Hannes Jung, W. von Schlippe, T. Merz, U. Krüner-Marquis, P. Lanius, C. Vallée, E. Sanchez, W. Zimmermann, I. Tichomirov, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, I. Herynek, J. Baehr, N. Magnussen, S. Mikocki, David Schmidt, J. Strachota, Markus Seidel, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tapprogge, W.D. Dau, N. Sahlmann, E. Evrard, P. Kasselmann, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, K. Gabathuler, A. Lebedev, Grzegorz Nowak, S. Egli, J. B. Dainton, C. Jacobsson, P. Biddulph, M. Fleischer, K. Johanssen, M. A. Jabiol, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, H. Hufnagel, J. Feltesse, U. Bassler, M. Ibbotson, G. Bertrand-Coremans, R. Starosta, Daniel Pitzl, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, U. Seehausen, R. Eichler, F. Sefkow, P. Ribarics, G. Heinzelmann, C.D. Hilton, L. Criegee, B. Delcourt, M. Höppner, R. Felst, J.G. Contreras, J. P. Kubenka, U. Kathage, U. Stösslein, H. Meyer, S. Kermiche, Laurent Favart, S. Prell, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, J. Formánek, M. Gebauer, C. Dollfus, J. Garvey, R. Buchholz, C. Leverenz, David Milstead, V. Brisson, G. W. Noyes, A. M. Fomenko, P. A. Smirnov, O. Hamon, H. Küster, H. Shooshtari, F. Rouse, P. Baranov, J. V. Morris, G. Schmidt, Didier Lacour, G. Pope, Peter Schleper, Ulrich Goerlach, Dusan Bruncko, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, Marc Besancon, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, H. Genzel, W. Bartel, T. Greenshaw, C. Schmidt, J.P. Phillips, J. P. Sutton, P. Di Nezza, Rosario Martín, P. Van Esch, Stephen Maxfield, A. Lindner, J. Janoth, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, J. Stiewe, F. W. Büsser, Volker Blobel, P. Goritchev, C. Keuker, W. Braunschweig, K. Gamerdinger, A. B. Clegg, R. Rylko, Andrew Mehta, N. Gogitidze, R. Sell, D. Neyret, T. Mavroidis, S. Kazarian, U. Siewert, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, L. Del Buono, V. Andreev, M. Zimmer, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, H. Ehrlichmann, Yves Sirois, J. Lipinski, G. Franke, Zhen Zhang, J. Žáček, J. Ebert, J. M. Foster, S. Mani, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, A. Usik, M. Savitsky, K. Zuber, J. Cvach, H. Bergstein, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, P. Kostka, Ch. Ley, M. David, S. Reinshagen, A. Wagener, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, M. Flieser, J. Stier, M. Arpagaus, Y. Vazdik, M. Nyberg-Werther, T. R. Ebert, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, Richard E. Taylor, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, T. Kurča, S. Willard, I. R. Kenyon, H. Spitzer, M. Winde, R. Bernet, P. Uelkes, L. Johnson, H. E. Roloff, Leif J. Jönsson, H. Lohmander, and D. Feeken

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Branching fraction, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HERA, Massless particle, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, W and Z bosons, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract

A search for direct production of new leptons in the mass range from 10 GeV up to 225 GeV is presented by the H1 experiment at HERA. The data were obtained during 1993 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 528 nb −1 . The search includes heavy lepton decays to final states e ( ν ) γ and e ( ν ) W , e ( ν ) Z with the subsequent decay of the W and Z bosons into jets or lepton pairs. No evidence was found for the production of new massive electrons or neutrinos in any of the decay channels. Rejection limits for excited electrons and neutrinos are derived.

Published
1994
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38. Inclusive charged particle cross sections in photoproduction at HERA

Author

T. Jansen, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, I. Tichomirov, G. Rädel, L. Criegee, H. Hufnagel, S. Kermiche, J. Formánek, R. D. Appuhn, M. Hampel, Ph. Huet, C.D. Hilton, M. Gebauer, J. Garvey, Ch. Pichler, A. M. Fomenko, I. R. Kenyon, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, M. Gennis, R. C. W. Henderson, S. Levonian, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, H. Spitzer, P. Baranov, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, Peter Schleper, G. Grindhammer, C. Bourdarios, R. Prosi, A. Buniatian, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, Dusan Bruncko, K. Flamm, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, A. Mavroidis, P. Goritchev, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, W. Flauger, D. Pitzl, R. Roosen, Mikhail Danilov, D. Lewin, Grzegorz Nowak, J. Martyniak, C. Jacobsson, B. Fominykh, Emmanuel Monnier, Eckhart Fretwurst, Fabian Zomer, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, K. Gamerdinger, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, H. Genzel, J. Martens, P. I. P. Kalmus, Michel Devel, J. M. Foster, V. Efremenko, Peter Loch, D. Kant, P. Dingus, W. von Schlippe, K. Johannsen, Kerstin Borras, Didier Lacour, T. Merz, R. J. Ellison, G. Cozzika, J. Hladký, A. Braemer, T. Greenshaw, G. Siegmon, J. Feltesse, J. Ebert, F. Eisele, S. Mikocki, C. A. Meyer, J.P. Phillips, W. Pilgram, Christophe Royon, A. Semenov, K. C. Hoeger, J. Žáček, Steve McMahon, U. Kathage, M. Savitsky, A. Gruber, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, J. Haack, H. Bergstein, Th. Naumann, F. Moreau, J. D. Dowell, A. Jacholkowska, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, Leith Godfrey, W. Schmitz, V. Brisson, S. Aid, F. Charles, R. Taylor, P. Van Esch, H. Greif, P. Robmann, P. Fuhrmann, N. Magnussen, M. Goldberg, Max Klein, V. Boudry, H. Duhm, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, C. Niebuhr, Anton Babaev, M. Rudowicz, J. Marks, S. D. Kolya, S. Mani, L. N. Shtarkov, C. Thiebaux, J. Strachota, Hannes Jung, Mario David, Claus Kleinwort, F. Brasse, J. Turnau, J. Cvach, L. Goerlich, A. Drescher, I. Abt, T. P. Yiou, Stephen Burke, L. R. West, U. Bassler, I.F. Fensome, Winston Ko, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, D. Feeken, D. Goldner, P. Kostka, Leif J. Jönsson, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, R. Nisius, André Schöning, C. Vallée, M. Steenbock, A. Lindner, S. J. Maxfiedl, Y. Soloviev, I. Sheviakov, A. Usik, E. Barrelet, A. M. Goodall, Volker Blobel, Ch. Berger, R. Eichler, C. Keuker, H. Lohmander, P. A. Smirnov, U. Krüger, E. Evrard, W. Hildesheim, P. R. Newman, B. Andrieu, A. Gellrich, V. Riech, Karlheinz Meier, P. Ribarics, V. Andreev, G. Villet, R. Felst, Pierre Marage, L. Büngener, D. Mercer, F. Lamarche, B. Schwab, M. Eberle, W. Lange, S. Willard, Roland Bernet, J. R. Smith, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, I. W. Walker, R. Herma, Hermann Kolanoski, S. Dagoret, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, J. Moreels, K. Rybicki, D. Clarke, A. Courau, M. Ibbotson, M. Vecko, T. R. Ebert, John A Coughlan, M. Winde, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, L. Johnson, H. Ehrlichmann, E. Eisenhandler, M. Hapke, S. Masson, R. Langkau, Horst Oberlack, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, B. Delcourt, R. Sell, S. Kazarian, U. Siewert, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, N. Gogitidze, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, S. Reinshagen, U. Stösslein, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, F. Kole, N. Sahlmann, C. Kiesling, Armen Vartapetian, E. Schuhmann, A. De Roeck, P. C. Bosetti, C. Leverenz, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, B. Stella, A. Rostovtsev, M. Arpagaus, P. Biddulph, R. Ebbinghaus, M. Zimmer, J. Lipinski, Jean-Francois Laporte, Ulrich Goerlach, L. Urban, G. Franke, M. A. Jabiol, B. Kuznik, T. Kurča, R. L. Lander, M. Ruffer, K. Rosenbauer, M. Flieser, S. Orenstein, G. Bertrand-Coremans, H. Bärwolff, S. Eichenberger, Frank Raupach, J. Stier, R. Kaschowitz, Y. Vazdik, Y. Sirois, Jean-Arcady Meyer, M. Jaffré, H. Meyer, N. Wulff, A. Valkárová, P. Kasselmann, G. Thompson, A. Wegner, M. Colombo, M. Fleischer, S. Riess, H. Ziaeepour, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, D. Düllmann, Hans Peter Beck, R. Gerhards, P. Hill, A. W. E. Dann, J. P. Kubenka, H. Henschel, J. Bán, Ch. Ley, U. Seehausen, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, D. Lüers, Murrough Landon, N. Huot, G. W. Noyes, P. Verrecchia, A. E. Wright, K. Müller, P. E. Reimer, H. Shooshtari, V. Schröder, J. Riedlberger, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, D. Neyret, Nicolas Ellis, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, O. Hamon, G. G. Winter, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, P. Steffen, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, H. P. Wellisch, T. Carli, V. Korbel, F. Linsel, J. Heatherington, D. Newton, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, M. Korn, G. Weber, U. Straumann, H. U. Martyn, F. Ould-Saada, M. Höppner, S. Prell, S. A. Murray, J. Chyla, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, J. Duboc, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, P. Di Nezza, U. Braun, K. Rauschnabel, E. Binder, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, J. Gayler, E. Sanchez, L. Del Buono, O. Dünger, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, H. Krehbiel, G. Buschhorn, I. Herynek, L.A. Womersley, A. Walther, W. Zimmermann, J. V. Morris, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, C. Pascaud, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, G. Heinzelmann, S. Valkar, H. Küster, D. Lüke, C. Zeitnitz, Dave Sankey, G. D. Patel, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, and David Schmidt

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Particle physics, Elementary particle, HERA, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Particle mass, Pseudorapidity, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Cross sections are presented for the inclusive production of charged particles measured in electron-proton collisions at low Q 2 with the H1 detector at HERA. The transverse momentum distribution extends up to 8 GeV/ c . Its shape is found to be harder than that observed in p p collisions at comparable centre-of-mass energies √S γp ≈ √S p p ≈ 200 GeV , and also harder than in γp collisions at lower energies √ S γp ≈ 18 GeV. Results from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations agree with the measured transverse momentum and pseudorapidity cross sections.

Published
1994
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39. First measurement of the charged current cross section at HERA

Author

T. Ahmed, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Bán, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, H. Bergstein, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, P. Biddulph, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, F. Brasse, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, M. Colombo, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, Ch. Coutures, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, M. Danilov, A.W.E. Dann, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, E. Deffur, B. Delcourt, L. Del Buono, A. De Roeck, E. De Wolf, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, J. Duboc, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, H. Ehrlichmann, S. Eichenberger, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, E. Evrard, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, W. Flauger, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, M. Forbush, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gamerdinger, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, A.M. Goodall, I. Gorelov, P. Goritchev, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, G. Grindhammer, C. Gruber, J. Haack, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, O. Hamon, M. Hampel, E.M. Hanlon, M. Hapke, W.J. Haynes, J. Heatherington, V. Hedberg, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, R. Herma, I. Herynek, W. Hildesheim, P. Hill, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, Ph. Huet, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, M.-A. Jabiol, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, D. Kant, S. Kazarian, R. Kaschowitz, P. Kasselmann, U. Kathage, H.H. Kaufmann, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, W. Ko, T. Köhler, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, M. Krüner-Marquis, J.P. Kubenka, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Kuznik, D. Lacour, F. Lamarche, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, P. Lanius, J.F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, A. Lindner, G. Lindström, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, P. Loch, H. Lohmander, G.C. Lopez, D. Lüers, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, P. Marage, R. Marshall, J. Martens, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, S. Masson, A. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, D. Mercer, T. Merz, C.A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, S. Mikocki, V. Milone, D. Milstead, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, G. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, G. Nawrath, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg-Werther, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, Ch. Pichler, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, P. Ribarics, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, S. Riess, M. Rietz, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, C. Royon, K. Rüter, M. Ruffer, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, N. Sahlmann, E. Sanchez, D.P.C. Sankey, M. Savitsky, P. Schacht, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, C. Schmidt, D. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, M. Schulz, B. Schwab, A. Schwind, U. Seehausen, F. Sefkow, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, H. Shooshtari, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, Y. Soloviev, H. Spitzer, P. Staroba, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, B. Stella, K. Stephens, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stösslein, J. Strachota, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, R.E. Taylor, V. Tchernyshov, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, I. Tichomirov, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, A. Usik, S. Valkar, A. Valkarova, C. Vallée, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, A. Vartapetian, Y. Vazdik, M. Vecko, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, I.W. Walker, A. Walther, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, H.P. Wellisch, L.R. West, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, Th. Wolff, A.E. Wright, E. Wünsch, N. Wulff, T.P. Yiou, J. Žáček, Z. Zhang, M. Zimmer, W. Zimmermann, F. Zomer, and K. Zuber

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Propagator, Elementary particle, HERA, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Transverse plane, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Charged current
Abstract

The cross section of the charged current process e − p → v e + hadrons is measured at HERA for transverse momenta of the hadron system larger than 25 GeV. The size of the cross section exhibits the W propagator.

Published
1994
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40. Reverse annealing of the effective impurity concentration and long term operational scenario for silicon detectors in future collider experiments

Author

H. Feick, Erik H.M. Heijne, Claus Gössling, G. Lindström, F. Lemeilleur, C. Soave, K.H. Mahlmann, A. Hess, A. Rolf, T. Schulz, Eckhart Fretwurst, and Maurice Glaser

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Annealing (metallurgy), chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric temperature range, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, Impurity, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening
Abstract

Systematic investigations of the reverse annealing effect after radiation damage have been performed in particular for the change of the effective impurity concentration. The pronounced long term anneal observed at room temperature was further investigated by isochronal and isothermal studies. In order to demonstrate the radiation hardness of silicon detectors during 10 years of LHC operation an experiment was started at a higher temperature which compressed the real operational scenario to about 10 months.

Published
1994
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41. Scaling violations of the proton structure function F2 at small x

Author

F. Kole, B. Schwab, Petr Zavada, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, M. Ibbotson, M. Schulz, D. Lüers, F. Charles, R. Taylor, N. Magnussen, Steve McMahon, Armen Vartapetian, Th. Wolff, Pavel Staroba, P. Verrecchia, H. Spitzer, Richard Nisius, Michel Devel, M. Colombo, E. Evrard, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, J. Turnau, M. Steenbock, B. Andrieu, N. Sahlmann, V. Korbel, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, Stephen Maxfield, Kerstin Borras, C. Pascaud, V. Schröder, W. von Schlippe, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, I. Tichomirov, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, G. Lindström, B. Delcourt, G. Bertrand-Coremans, J. Feltesse, Ulrich Goerlach, R. Kaschowitz, R. Ebbinghaus, A. B. Clegg, N. Gogitidze, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, K. C. Hoeger, Leif J. Jönsson, H. Hufnagel, Alexandre Lebedev, H. Lohmander, L. Criegee, A. Semenov, J. Riedlberger, M. Nyberg, S. Egli, M. Rietz, T. Merz, S. Kasarian, U. Stösslein, C. Leverenz, J. Žáček, Max Klein, L.A. Womersley, J. Formánek, M. A. Jabiol, V. Riech, R. Sell, A. Valkárová, S. Orenstein, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, S. Riess, G. Heinzelmann, Mario David, S. Kermiche, E. Barrelet, Tancredi Carli, I. R. Kenyon, S. Reinshagen, A. Walther, C.D. Hilton, Fabian Zomer, M. Hapke, F. Linsel, P. A. Smirnov, A. Lindner, L. N. Shtarkov, U. Bassler, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, J. Ebert, U. Siewert, F. Brasse, W. Zimmermann, Hans Peter Beck, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, M. Zimmer, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, Vincent Boudry, A. Buniatian, Mikhail Danilov, J. Heatherington, R. C. W. Henderson, I. F. Fensome, Volker Blobel, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, D. Newton, D. Lewin, L. Büngener, V. Milone, S. Eichenberger, G. Cozzika, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, Jean-Francois Laporte, Jean-Arcady Meyer, R. Eichler, C. Keuker, R. Roosen, H. Shooshtari, G. Grindhammer, J. Martyniak, R. Gerhards, A. Drescher, O. Hamon, M. Fleischer, Ch. Ley, Dave Sankey, D. Handschuh, I. Herynek, P. Lanius, Emmanuel Monnier, S. A. Murray, S. Levonian, H. Krehbiel, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, P. E. Reimer, B. Fominykh, E. M. Hanlon, V. Tchernyshov, Stefan Valkar, M. Arpagaus, J. Duboc, B. Stella, H. T. Phillips, H. Greif, P. Hill, J. Bán, P. Ribarics, C. Niebuhr, R. Felst, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, Paul Newman, K. Flamm, A. Mavroidis, V. Efremenko, Hannes Jung, G. Buschhorn, Daniel Pitzl, G. G. Winter, S. Mani, R. M. Martin, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, M. Rudowicz, M. Eberle, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, Grzegorz Nowak, Eckhart Fretwurst, M. Korn, P. I. P. Kalmus, David Schmidt, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, S. Mikocki, P. Steffen, C. Vallée, P. Biddulph, I. Abt, Stephen Burke, Martin Erdmann, R. Prosi, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, Nicolas Ellis, G. Weber, U. Straumann, J. V. Morris, H. P. Wellisch, A. Wegner, T. Ahmed, K. Johannsen, J. R. Smith, R. Herma, Christophe Royon, A. Usik, R. D. Appuhn, E. Eisenhandler, Y. Soloviev, T. Kurca, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, M. Jaffré, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, P. Dingus, A. M. Goodall, M. Forbush, P. Baranov, H. Ziaeepour, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, C. A. Meyer, J. Kurzhöfer, A. Schwind, V. Nagovizin, M. Vecko, Peter Schleper, J. Haack, A. W. E. Dann, C. Zeitnitz, Rudolf Langkau, H. Küster, W. Schmitz, A. Gellrich, V. Andreev, M. Rüffer, J. M. Foster, R. J. Ellison, F. Lamarche, M. Savitsky, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, I. W. Walker, K. Rybicki, J. P. Kubenka, Marc Besancon, P. Fuhrmann, A.S. Belousov, D. Düllmann, H. U. Martyn, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, Peter Loch, Winston Ko, Didier Lacour, Guenter Eckerlin, Daniel Johnson, E. Vogel, G. W. Noyes, M. Gennis, H. Henschel, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, W. Pilgram, J. Cvach, Gregorio Bernardi, Anton Babaev, C. Thiebaux, Horst Oberlack, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, L. Goerlich, R. Vick, André Schöning, I. Sheviakov, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, Yves Sirois, Frank Raupach, J. Strachota, U. Krüger, A. Courau, Roland Bernet, J. Lipinski, K. Gamerdinger, S. Dagoret, J. Garvey, J. Hladký, F. Eisele, G. Franke, V I. Shekelyan, A. M. Fomenko, J. D. Dowell, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, G. Siegmon, Wolfgang Scobel, Ankita Mehta, N. Wulff, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, E. J. Sanchez, N. Huot, P. Goritchev, Dusan Bruncko, P. Kasselmann, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, T. Greenshaw, D. Neyret, J.P. Phillips, D. Feeken, W. Hildesheim, R. L. Lander, J. Ferencei, H. Bärwolff, P. Van Esch, J. Marks, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, F. Moreau, S. Willard, A. Jacholkowska, M. Winde, S. D. Kolya, L. Johnson, T. Jansen, G. Rädel, B. Kuznik, Ph. Huet, Ch. Pichler, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, E. Binder, J. Gayler, G. Thompson, S. Prell, C. Jacobsson, U. Kathage, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, H. Bergstein, Peter Robmann, Th. Naumann, L. Del Buono, A. Bischoff, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, O. Dünger, P. Kostka, J. Moreels, T. R. Ebert, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, Farid Ould-Saada, Leith Godfrey, L. Urban, M. Flieser, D. Mercer, J. Stier, Y. Vazdik, L.R. West, S. Masson, J. Martens, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and H1

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Distribution function, Proton, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Range (statistics), Perturbative QCD, HERA, Event (particle physics), Scaling, Gluon
Abstract

An analysis is presented of scaling violations of the proton structure function F 2 ( x , Q 2 ) measured with the H1 detector at HERA in the range of Bjorken x values between x = 3 × 10 −4 and 10 −2 for four-momentum transfers Q > 2 larger than 8.7 GeV 2 . The structure function F 2 ( x , Q 2 ) is observed to rise linearly with ln Q 2 . Under the assumption that the observed scaling violations at small x ⩽ 0.01 are described correctly by perturbative QCD, an estimate is obtained of the gluon distribution function G ( x , Q 0 2 ) at Q 2 2 = 20 GeV 2 .

Published
1994
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42. Study of neutron irradiated silicon counters with a fast amplifier

Author

A.G. Clark, A. Rolf, B. Lisowski, J. Teiger, R. Bonino, D. J. Munday, F. Lemeilleur, A. R. Weidberg, H. Kambara, S. Pilath, Francis Anghinolfi, G. Lindström, G. F. Moorhead, Maurice Glaser, A. Ciasnohova, Xin Wu, G. N. Taylor, R.J. Hawkings, T. Schulz, Eckhart Fretwurst, J.C. Santiard, Claus Gößling, Pierre Jarron, S. N. Tovey, S. J. Bates, A. Chilingarov, and Michael Andrew Parker

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Preamplifier, Amplifier, Detector, Shot noise, chemistry.chemical_element, Optics, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Neutron, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Dark current
Abstract

Silicon detectors have been irradiated with fluences of up to 2.7 × 10 13 neutrons/cm 2 , and have been subsequently studied using low-noise preamplifiers with a peaking time of about 15 ns. The detector response to minimum ionizing particles was found to be close to that of non-irradiated detectors. The short integration time of the preamplifier makes the shot noise due to the detector dark current tolerable up to at least 15 μA/channel.

Published
1993
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43. Measurement of the proton structure function F2 (x, Q2) in the low-x region at HERA

Author

Steve McMahon, C. A. Meyer, G. Siegmon, A. Drescher, P. Fuhrmann, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, A. Jacholkowska, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, G. Villet, L. Goerlich, S. D. Kolya, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, Pierre Marage, G. Heinzelmann, A. Courau, H. Küster, A. Usik, N. Magnussen, R. C. W. Henderson, N. Sahlmann, P. Biddulph, M. Colombo, J. V. Morris, Frank Raupach, R. Ebbinghaus, M. A. Jabiol, A. E. Wright, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, N. Wulff, R. Prosi, P. Kasselmann, D. P. C. Sankey, U. Bassler, Daniel Pitzl, M. Forbush, V. Milone, A. Schwind, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, R. Felst, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, M. Eberle, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, R. Sell, C. Zeitnitz, V. Korbel, K. C. Hoeger, T. Jansen, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, Peter Loch, W. Scobel, Vincent Hedberg, G. Rädel, G. Knies, B. Kuznik, Ph. Huet, W. Pilgram, D. Lüers, Ch. Pichler, D.P. Johnson, David Schmidt, J. Haack, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, Ch. Ley, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, V. Riech, M. Hapke, R. Bernet, Pavel Staroba, Kerstin Borras, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, Anton Babaev, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W. von Schlippe, A. Semenov, T. Merz, J. Turnau, J. Strachota, W.J. Haynes, P. Verrecchia, I.F. Fensome, P. Goritchev, Stefan Valkar, M. Steenbock, A. Lindner, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, R. Roosen, Emmanuel Monnier, V. Schröder, S. Kasarian, K. Gamerdinger, T. Köhler, D. Neyret, S. Levonian, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, B. Andrieu, Hannes Jung, K. Johannsen, B. Schwab, C. Vallée, E. Malinovski, Pavel Murin, D. Mercer, H. Grässler, J. Riedlberger, H. K. Nguyen, F. Brasse, E. Binder, M. Ibbotson, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, Leif J. Jönsson, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, Christophe Royon, P. Baranov, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, J. Gayler, Jean-Arcady Meyer, V. Efremenko, Mario David, F. Linsel, Peter Schleper, Ulrich Goerlach, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, J. Heatherington, J. M. Foster, R. Kaschowitz, S. M. Robertson, R. Gerhards, P. Závada, E. Evrard, M. Savitsky, E. Sanchez, S. Riess, M. Kuhlen, H. Lohmander, G. Grindhammer, S. Mikocki, K. Flamm, A. Mavroidis, D. Newton, L. N. Shtarkov, Leith Godfrey, Marc Besancon, J. Cvach, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, L. Del Buono, Winston Ko, B. Delcourt, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, U. Stösslein, P. Lanius, C. Pascaud, I. W. Walker, K. Rybicki, J. Duboc, B. Stella, S. Kermiche, P. I. P. Kalmus, P. Hill, J. Bán, P. Truöl, Mikhail Danilov, Peter Robmann, D. Lewin, H. Greif, L. Criegee, Stephen Maxfield, C. Leverenz, V. Tchernyshov, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, O. Hamon, Nicolas Ellis, Guenter Eckerlin, J. Martyniak, E. Barrelet, R. Vick, M. Vecko, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, T. Ahmed, J. Formánek, A. Bischoff, Th. Wolff, M. Rudowicz, Yves Sirois, H. Shooshtari, I. R. Kenyon, I. Abt, M. Korn, J. Lipinski, R. Nisius, B. Fominykh, G. Franke, J. Žáček, S. Masson, R. Langkau, M. Ruffer, Armen Vartapetian, G. Thompson, S. Orenstein, G. Weber, U. Straumann, H. Spitzer, Ch. Berger, O. Dünger, J. Ebert, R. J. Ellison, L.A. Womersley, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, A. Gellrich, F. Lamarche, S. Mani, R. D. Appuhn, D. Düllmann, J. R. Smith, H. P. Beck, Eckhart Fretwurst, S. Eichenberger, H. Henschel, Stephen Burke, R. Herma, I. Tichomirov, E. Eisenhandler, L. Büngener, J. Martens, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, M. Gennis, M. Fleischer, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, Michel Devel, John A Coughlan, K. Meier, Horst Oberlack, A. Walther, S. Prell, F. Kole, G. Bertrand-Coremans, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, H. Hufnagel, W. Zimmermann, I. Herynek, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, A. Wegner, C.D. Hilton, P. Kotska, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Jacobsson, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, N. Huot, H. Ziaeepour, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, W.D. Dau, A. W. E. Dann, J. B. Dainton, R. Eichler, M. W. Krasny, Claire Bourdarios, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, U. Kathage, D. Handschuh, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, H. Krehbiel, V. Brisson, J. P. Kubenka, C. Thiebaux, G. Buschhorn, G. W. Noyes, P. Dingus, J. Feltesse, Max Klein, P. A. Smirnov, F. Charles, I. Sheviakov, U. Krüger, J. Stier, J. Marks, S. Dagoret, Y. Vazdik, H. Bergstein, Th. Naumann, Vladimir Andreev, H. U. Martyn, H. Duhm, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, K. Wacker, P. Ribarics, R. Steinberg, Y. Soloviev, J. Moreels, T. R. Ebert, Dusan Bruncko, P. E. Reimer, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, P. Steffen, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, H. P. Wellisch, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, T. Carli, Richard E. Taylor, F. Ould-Saada, H. Genzel, L. Urban, T. Kurča, T. Greenshaw, J.P. Phillips, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, P. Van Esch, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, S. Reinshagen, M. Arpagaus, W. Hildesheim, S. Willard, M. Winde, L. Johnson, D. Feeken, A. Valkarova, S. A. Murray, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, and M. P. J. Landon

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Luminosity (scattering theory), Neutral current, Proton, Detector, Elementary particle, HERA, Atomic physics, Deep inelastic scattering
Abstract

A measurement of the proton structure function F2 (x, Q2) is presented with about 1000 neutral current deep inelastic scattering events for Bjorken x in the range x ⋍ 10−2 – 10−4 and Q2 > 5 GeV2. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of 22.5 nb−1 recorded by the H1 detector in the first year of HERA operation. The structure function F2 (x, Q2) shows a significant rise with decreasing x.

Published
1993
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44. Measurement of inclusive jet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA

Author

J. Duboc, B. Stella, Kerstin Borras, A. Lebedev, A. Semenov, M. Rietz, C. Vallée, M. Colombo, R. D. Appuhn, Vladimir Andreev, H. Greif, M. Gennis, N. Magnussen, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, H. Bergstein, S. D. Kolya, D. Haidt, Th. Naumann, F. Brasse, R. C. W. Henderson, M. Rudowicz, N. Sahlmann, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, H. Duhm, J-P. Meyer, P. Biddulph, R. Ebbinghaus, W. von Schlippe, T. Merz, M. Ibbotson, E. Deffur, K. C. Hoeger, G. Heinzelmann, M. A. Jabiol, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, F. Ould-Saada, R. Prosi, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, R. Bernet, P. Kostka, A. Buniatian, M. Jaffre, P. Ribarics, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, U. Bassler, M. Fleischer, Leith Godfrey, C. Kiesling, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, V. Riech, Armen Vartapetian, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, Y. Soloviev, L. Del Buono, V. Milone, S. Kasarian, S. A. Murray, H. Küster, J. Feltesse, M. Hapke, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, Leif J. Jönsson, R. Roosen, Emmanuel Monnier, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, Mario David, E. Binder, J. V. Morris, V. Efremenko, H. Lohmander, G. Siegmon, Martin Erdmann, R. Felst, U. Obrock, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Jacobsson, M. Eberle, M. Korn, L.A. Womersley, R. Nisius, F. W. Büsser, M. Arpagaus, W. Braunschweig, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, J. Stier, K. Rybicki, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, S. Mikocki, M. Forbush, Max Klein, R. L. Lander, R. J. Ellison, J. Marks, R. Gerhards, J. M. Foster, H. Bärwolff, Y. Vazdik, J. Riedlberger, A. Schwind, R. Sell, E. Sanchez, G. Weber, U. Straumann, M. Nyberg, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, P. E. Reimer, Christophe Royon, F. Moreau, L. N. Shtarkov, J. D. Dowell, C. A. Meyer, M. Vecko, J. R. Smith, I. R. Kenyon, Alan Campbell, J. Harjes, J. Moreels, J. Haack, E. M. Hanlon, S. M. Robertson, R. Herma, W. Hildesheim, H. U. Martyn, U. Siewert, I. O. Skillicorn, T. R. Ebert, A. Walther, A. Jacholkowska, H. Spitzer, D. Mercer, G. G. Winter, M. Savitsky, H. B. Dreis, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, J. Turnau, A. Fedotov, B. Naroska, Winston Ko, Yves Sirois, P. Fuhrmann, G. Grindhammer, F. Linsel, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, M. Zimmer, S. Willard, P. Baranov, C. Zeitnitz, S. Eichenberger, Dave Sankey, P. Steffen, J. Martens, C. Pascaud, Tim Greenshaw, Jean-Francois Laporte, W. Zimmermann, M. Steenbock, A. De Roeck, Richard E. Taylor, A. Valkarova, J. Heatherington, F. Kole, Guenter Eckerlin, L. Goerlich, Peter Robmann, Peter Schleper, Michel Devel, S. Kermiche, L. Urban, S. Masson, L. Criegee, H. Henschel, T. Kurča, J. Lipinski, R. Vick, D. Newton, G. D. Patel, G. Franke, B. Andrieu, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, A. Bischoff, D.P. Johnson, A. Gellrich, H. P. Wellisch, H. Shooshtari, M. Winde, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, L. Johnson, F. Lamarche, R. Kaschowitz, J. Cvach, P. Lanius, T. Carli, R. Langkau, T. Jansen, P. Goritchev, V. Tchernyshov, S. Riess, S. Egli, Frank Raupach, Marc Besancon, W.D. Dau, U. Kathage, J. B. Dainton, O. Dünger, K. Gamerdinger, A.S. Belousov, P. Hill, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, G. Rädel, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, B. Kuznik, J. Bán, John A Coughlan, D. Neyret, Claire Bourdarios, J.C. Phillips, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, J. Gayler, P. Truöl, Horst Oberlack, N. Wulff, J. Garvey, Mikhail Danilov, I. Abt, E. Gabathuler, Nicolas Ellis, Ph. Huet, D. Lewin, Stephen Maxfield, Ch. Pichler, J. Žáček, A. M. Fomenko, I. W. Walker, E. Eisenhandler, P. Kasselmann, R. Marshall, S. Prell, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, Dirk Krücker, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, D. Handschuh, H. Krehbiel, J. Martyniak, D. Feeken, G. Buschhorn, S. Levonian, S. Mani, B. Fominykh, N. Huot, D. Lüers, E. Barrelet, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, P. Dingus, Pavel Staroba, P. Verrecchia, M. Ruffer, V. Schröder, S. Orenstein, Ch. Berger, H. H. Kaufmann, K. Flamm, Eckhart Fretwurst, A. Mavroidis, L. Büngener, I. Tichomirov, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, J. Ebert, P. I. P. Kalmus, I. Herynek, H. Hufnagel, A. Usik, Ch. Ley, C.D. Hilton, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, D. Schmidt, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, C. Thiebaux, J. Strachota, I.F. Fensome, A. Lindner, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, Petr Zavada, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, H. Grässler, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, F. Charles, I. Sheviakov, Ulrich Goerlach, U. Krüger, S. Dagoret, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, J. Hladký, Stefan Valkar, Hannes Jung, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, E. Evrard, Dusan Bruncko, F. Ferrarotto, B. Delcourt, H. Genzel, U. Stösslein, C. Leverenz, O. Hamon, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, P. Van Esch, E. Elsen, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, G. Bertrand-Coremans, G. Thompson, A. Wegner, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, D. Düllmann, R. Eichler, J. P. Kubenka, G. W. Noyes, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Steve McMahon, A. Drescher, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, Daniel Pitzl, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Peter Loch, W. Pilgram, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Damoiseaux, Magali

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Perpendicular, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, Perturbative QCD, HERA, Transverse plane, Pseudorapidity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Underlying event
Abstract

Inclusive jet cross sections are measured in photoproduction at HERA using the H1 detector. The data sample of e+ p -> e+ + jet + X events in the kinematic range of photon virtualities Q^2 < 1 GeV^2 and photon-proton centre-of-mass energies 95 < W_gammap < 285 GeV represents an integrated luminosity of 24.1 pb^-1. Jets are defined using the inclusive k_T algorithm. Single- and multi-differential cross sections are measured as functions of jet transverse energy E_T^jet and pseudorapidity ��^jet in the domain 5 < E_T^jet < 75 GeV and -1 < ��^jet < 2.5. The cross sections are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations corrected for fragmentation and underlying event effects. The cross section differential in E_T^jet, which varies by six orders of magnitude over the measured range, is compared with similar distributions from p pbar colliders at equal and higher energies., 34 pages, 9 figures and 7 tables

Published
1993
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45. A search for leptoquarks, leptogluons and excited leptons in H1 at HERA

Author

C. Jacobsson, Leith Godfrey, M. Savitsky, Th. Wolff, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, I. R. Kenyon, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, E. Evrard, H. Spitzer, G. Siegmon, C. Zeitnitz, Dave Sankey, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, D.P. Johnson, R. Nisius, M. W. Krasny, J. Cvach, A. Courau, M. Colombo, Murrough Landon, J. V. Morris, Michel Devel, U. Kathage, J. Riedlberger, M. Vecko, T. Ahmed, M. Jaffre, W. Ko, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, C. A. Meyer, H. U. Martyn, B. Delcourt, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, A. E. Wright, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, S. M. Robertson, Kerstin Borras, U. Stösslein, J. Garvey, A. Semenov, P. Baranov, R. J. Ellison, R. Bernet, A. Jacholkowska, F. W. Büsser, P. Goritchev, E. Gabathuler, C. Leverenz, A. M. Fomenko, W. Braunschweig, P. Fuhrmann, A. Lebedev, F. Charles, M. Rietz, I. Sheviakov, D. Haidt, Peter Schleper, O. Hamon, K. Gamerdinger, R. Sell, R. Herma, I. O. Skillicorn, S. J. McMahon, D. Neyret, L. Goerlich, Andrew Mehta, J. Moreels, G. Heinzelmann, F. Brasse, Leif J. Jönsson, D. Handschuh, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, U. Krüger, M. Fleischer, U. Siewert, J-P. Meyer, H. Küster, S. Masson, U. Bassler, G. Cozzika, Marc Besancon, E. Barrelet, N. Huot, S. A. Murray, M. Zimmer, W. von Schlippe, A.S. Belousov, F. Eisele, T. Merz, Daniel Pitzl, J. Žáček, S. Dagoret, H. Lohmander, V. Milone, H. Krehbiel, K. Johannsen, J.P. Phillips, Stefan Valkar, M. Ibbotson, T. Jansen, P. Truöl, I. Tichomirov, Christophe Royon, M. Ruffer, Ch. Berger, S. Orenstein, T. R. Ebert, F. Raupach, P. I. P. Kalmus, S. Kasarian, J. Ferencei, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, G. Rädel, R. Felst, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, C. Trenkel, Hannes Jung, D. Gillespie, B. Kuznik, L. Büngener, Armen Vartapetian, C. Vallée, M. Eberle, Mario David, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, P. Závada, Ph. Huet, B. Naroska, G. Buschborn, J. M. Foster, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, H. Hufnagel, J. Ebert, Hermann Kolanoski, I. Herynek, D. Clarke, M. Korn, R. D. Appuhn, Ch. Pichler, S. Mani, Pavel Murin, D. Mercer, V. Brisson, John A Coughlan, A. Fedotov, G. Nowak, T. P. Yiou, C. Pascaud, H. Grässler, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, Peter Loch, Dusan Bruncko, Martin Erdmann, H. P. Beck, U. Obrock, Stephen Burke, H. Shooshtari, R. D. Martin, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, N. Wulff, D. Lüers, J. Haack, F. Ferrarotto, W. Pilgram, H. Genzel, M. Gennis, S. Kermiche, Ch. Ley, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, P. Kasselmann, G. Thompson, R. Prosi, J. Duboc, B. Stella, N. Magnussen, H. Greif, C.D. Hilton, H. B. Dreis, N. Sahlmann, Pavel Staroba, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, S. J. Maxfield, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, M. Rudowicz, W. Flauger, R. Langkau, D. Düllmann, P. Biddulph, L. Del Buono, R. Ebbinghaus, A. De Roeck, P. Van Esch, E. Elsen, I. Abt, Richard E. Taylor, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, M. Goldberg, M. A. Jabiol, S. Eichenberger, G. Bertrand-Coremans, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, Mikhail Danilov, D. Lewin, V. Schröder, A. Drescher, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, L. Urban, Laurent Favart, H. Henschel, A. Wegner, H. Oberlack, Yves Sirois, A. Valkarova, H. H. Kaufmann, S. Egli, G. Weber, T. Kurča, H. Bärwolff, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, U. Straumann, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, C. Dollfus, L. Criegee, S. Levonian, R. Eichler, J. Martyniak, J. P. Kubenka, A. Usik, J. Lipinski, G. Franke, C. Thiebaux, A. B. Clegg, Vladimir Andreev, B. Fominykh, L.A. Womersley, G. W. Noyes, G. Flügge, I. W. Walker, K. Flamm, P. Schacht, R. Kaschowitz, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, A. Mavroidis, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, A. Walther, J. Stier, Ulrich Goerlach, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, W. Zimmermann, A. Gellrich, P. Verrecchia, H. Bergstein, S. D. Kolya, Th. Naumann, F. Ould-Saada, H. Duhm, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, E. Deffur, I.F. Fensome, P. Kostka, J. Gayler, J. F. Laporte, P. Ribarics, Y. Soloviev, E. Fretwurst, Tim Greenshaw, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, A. Lindner, R. Roosen, R. Marshall, P. Hill, J. Bán, J. Heatherington, Emmanuel Monnier, T. Köhler, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, D. Newton, V. Efremenko, S. Mikocki, Nicolas Ellis, D. Schmidt, M. Seman, P. Lanius, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, V. Tchernyshov, E. Vogel, J. Turnau, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, J. Strachota, M. Steenbock, B. Andrieu, G. Bernardi, D. Krücker, K. C. Hoeger, V. Riech, M. Hapke, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, R. Gerhards, P. E. Reimer, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, G. Grindhammer, P. Steffen, E. Binder, H. P. Wellisch, T. Carli, E. Sanchez, Peter Robmann, A. Bischoff, W. Hildesheim, R. C. W. Henderson, J. R. Smith, S. Willard, O. Dünger, M. Winde, J. P. Pharabod, L. Johnson, C. Kiesling, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, Richard Lander, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, E. Eisenhandler, P. Dingus, J. Martens, F. Kole, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, J. Feltesse, Max Klein, D. Feeken, P. A. Smirnov, and K. Meier

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Branching fraction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Elementary particle, HERA, Nuclear physics, Excited state, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Leptoquark, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract

A direct search for new particles in the H1 experiment at HERA is presented for masses ranging from 35 GeV up to ∼ 250 GeV. The data sample of 24 nb −1 accumulated during the first year of operation was analysed for signatures of scalar and vector leptoquarks, leptogluons, excited electrons and excited neutrinos with flavours of the first generation. No evidence for the production of such particles was found in various possible decay channels. Rejection limits are derived.

Published
1993
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46. Radiation hardness of silicon detectors for future colliders

Author

U. Pein, B. Papendick, G. Lindström, R. Wunstorf, T. Schulz, Eckhart Fretwurst, N. Claussen, N. Croitoru, and H. Schatz

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, HERA, Radiation, Radiation damage, Electron beam processing, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Diode
Abstract

The radiation hardness of silicon pad detectors, especially developed for the PLUG-calorimeter of the H1 experiment at HERA was investigated with respect to neutron and electron irradiation. Be(d,n)-neutrons with an average energy of 6.2 MeV up to a fluence of 10 15 n/cm 2 and 1.8 MeV electrons up to a dose of 1 MGy (10 16 e/cm 2 ) were used. Degradation effects of the diode properties regarding the reverse current, depletion voltage and charge collection efficiency are studied at room temperature and with no bias applied during irradiation. Special emphasis is put on the separation of the respective damage generation and its subsequent self annealing. The observed effects are discussed with respect to radiation levels to be envisioned for experiments with future colliding beam machines.

Published
1993
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47. Neutron irradiation of silicon diodes at temperatures of +20°C and −20°C

Author

Francis Anghinolfi, G. Lindström, Pierre Jarron, R. Klingenberg, Claus Gössling, R. Wunstorf, Allan G Clark, Paola Scampoli, Alan Poppleton, Erik H.M. Heijne, R. Bonino, A. R. Weidberg, E. Occelli, D. Pollmann, R.A. Bardos, A. Rolf, Michael Andrew Parker, F. Lemeilleur, G. F. Moorhead, T. Schulz, Eckhart Fretwurst, S. J. Bates, G. Gorfine, Xin Wu, G. N. Taylor, H. Pagel, M. Glaser, N. Claussen, S. N. Tovey, B. Papendick, and D. J. Munday

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Annealing (metallurgy), Detector, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, Impurity, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Neutron, business, Instrumentation, Diode
Abstract

We report measurements of the behaviour of silicon diodes when exposed to integrated neutron doses of up to 5 × 10 13 neutron/cm 2 . The measurements have been made at diode temperatures between room temperature and −20°C. From measurements of the diode leakage current and depletion voltage, and consequent evaluations of the effective impurity concentration, the temperature dependence of these quantities is discussed in terms of the annealing behaviour of the diodes. Comments are made on the suitability of silicon as a detector medium for particle physics experiments at future accelerators.

Published
1993
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48. Observation of deep inelastic scattering at low x

Author

F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, R. Sell, Grzegorz Nowak, G. Cozzika, C. Jacobsson, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, E. Malinovski, Stefan Valkar, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, M. Kuhlen, G. Grindhammer, Hannes Jung, C. Vallée, U. Kathage, P. E. Reimer, P. S. Flower, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, E. Eisenhandler, P. Staroba, G. G. Winter, Vincent Hedberg, J. Turnau, G. Knies, Leif J. Jönsson, M. Steenbock, G. Bertrand-Coremans, P. Steffen, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, G. Thompson, F. Brasse, P. Hartz, R. J. Ellison, B. Andrieu, E. Barrelet, H. Lohmander, A. Wegner, H. P. Wellisch, R. Hedgecock, A. Gellrich, R. Kaschowitz, U. Bassler, J. Moreels, D. Düllmann, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, C. Trenkel, H. Shooshtari, J. Haack, I. O. Skillicorn, P. Zavada, M. Vecko, K. C. Hoeger, D. Handschuh, I. W. Walker, H. Krehbiel, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, R. Eichler, J. P. Kubenka, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, I. Herynek, K. Rybicki, H. Henschel, M. Gennis, Ch. Ley, Hans Peter Beck, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, Frank Raupach, M. Goldberg, H. B. Dreis, M. Colombo, V. Riech, U. Berthon, V. Milone, W.D. Dau, E. Evrard, G. W. Noyes, G. Lindström, P. Hill, J. Bán, C. Gruber, R. Roosen, Emmanuel Monnier, W. Flauger, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, Murrough Landon, F. Charles, N. Wulff, A. E. Wright, V. Korbel, I. Sheviakov, M. Hapke, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, Armen Vartapetian, P. Kasselmann, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, R. C. W. Henderson, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, U. Krüger, Nicolas Ellis, H. Küster, W. Schmitz, B. Delcourt, R. Felst, G. Bushhorn, M. Eberle, I. R. Kenyon, V. Efremenko, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, U. Gensch, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, P. Baranov, Anton Babaev, C. Leverenz, J. Hladký, S. Eichenberger, H. K. Nguyen, O. Hamon, Jean-Arcady Meyer, H.T. Phillips, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, H. Spitzer, M. Schulz, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, J. D. Burger, S. Peters, C. Schmidt, J. Strachota, U. Braun, S. Mikocki, Peter Schleper, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Stephen Maxfield, I.F. Fensome, Hermann Kolanoski, R. Prosi, T. R. Ebert, D. Clarke, R. Gerhards, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, A. Lindner, K. Rauschnabel, A. Usik, E. Binder, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, L. Del Buono, Marc Besancon, J. Gayler, Michel Devel, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, S. Kermiche, V. Andreev, Volker Blobel, L.A. Womersley, F. Ould-Saada, E. Sanchez, Dusan Bruncko, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, P. Truöl, A. Walther, H. Genzel, I. Tichomirov, John A Coughlan, Horst Oberlack, W. Zimmermann, Peter Robmann, M. Ruffer, S. A. Murray, T. Greenshaw, N. Magnussen, S. Orenstein, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, J.P. Phillips, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, H. Grässler, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, L. Criegee, H. Hufnagel, P. Van Esch, J. Sacton, N. Sahlmann, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, J. Ebert, O. Dünger, M. Ibbotson, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, J. M. Foster, J. Formánek, P. Biddulph, B. Kuznik, M. A. Jabiol, F. Niebergall, Ph. Huet, C.D. Hilton, M. Savitsky, Ch. Pichler, W. von Schlippe, G. Siegmon, C. A. Meyer, T. Merz, J. Cvach, F. Moreau, P. Fuhrmann, J. D. Dowell, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, A. Jacholkowska, Mikhail Danilov, S. D. Kolya, H. Steiner, L. Goerlich, A. Valkarova, D. Levin, J. Martyniak, C. Kiesling, Roland Bernet, S. Kasarian, B. Fominykh, J. Riedlberger, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, Eckhart Fretwurst, A. De Roeck, Mario David, G. Franke, Richard E. Taylor, R. Nisius, J. R. Smith, L. Urban, S. Mani, R. Herma, Stephen Burke, J. Duboc, B. Stella, T. Kurča, H. Greif, P. Goritchev, K. Gamerdinger, M. Rudowicz, J. Stier, Leith Godfrey, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, H. Bergstein, C. Zeitnitz, Th. Naumann, Dave Sankey, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, J.M. Morton, P. Kostka, G. D. Patel, P. Ribarics, Y. Soloviev, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, David Schmidt, T. Carli, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, S. Masson, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, G. Heinzelmann, J.P. Sutton, J. V. Morris, D. Lüers, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, P. Verrecchia, V. Schröder, S. Levonian, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, A. Mavroidis, P. I. P. Kalmus, Y. Feng, G. A. Beck, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, N. Huot, W. Hildesheim, S. Willard, M. Winde, L. Johnson, M. Fleischer, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, M. Arpagaus, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, J. Zacek, Christophe Royon, D. Gillespie, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, J. Tutas, D. Feeken, R. Langkau, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, E. Ryseck, Ulrich Goerlach, M. Korn, G. Weber, U. Straumann, P. Dingus, J. Heatherington, D. Newton, Daniel Pitzl, M. Seman, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, J. Martens, F. Kole, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Peter Loch, J. B. Dainton, W. Pilgram, Claire Bourdarios, J. Feltesse, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, P. A. Smirnov, F. Eisele, Steve McMahon, A. Drescher, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, and W. Bartel

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Proton, Neutral current, Scattering, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Elementary particle, Electron, HERA, Nuclear Experiment, Deep inelastic scattering
Abstract

Measurements of the scattered electron energy spectrum and the differential cross sections dσ/d log(x) and dσ/dQ2 for inclusive neutral current deep inelastic electron-proton scattering are presented. The data were obtained with the H1 detector at HERA during its first running period in which 26.7 GeV electrons collided with 820 GeV protons. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.3 nb−1 and allow the first studies of the structure of the proton at values of x down to 10−4 for Q2 > 5 GeV2.

Published
1993
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49. Total photoproduction cross section measurement at HERA energies

Author

J. D. Burger, M. Colombo, R. Prosi, I.F. Fensome, P. S. Flower, Murrough Landon, A. Lindner, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, A. E. Wright, Max Klein, J. M. Foster, Volker Blobel, C. Kiesling, L. Del Buono, M. Savitsky, Leif J. Jönsson, K. C. Hoeger, J. Hladký, D. Schmidt, M. Nyberg, S. Levonian, S. Peters, H. Lohmander, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, P. Závada, V. Riech, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, H. Küster, W. Schmitz, J. Cvach, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, T. Ahmed, J.P. Phillips, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, M. Hapke, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, R. Nisius, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, A. Usik, J. Strachota, Hannes Jung, P. Baranov, B. Kuznik, N. Magnussen, W. Hildesheim, Roland Bernet, N. Sahlmann, Ph. Huet, E. Eisenhandler, Ch. Pichler, Peter Schleper, G. Villet, S. Egli, S. Willard, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, E. Evrard, G. Franke, H. Grässler, H. Bergstein, J. Riedlberger, Th. Wolff, Stephen Maxfield, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, G. Siegmon, A. Buniatian, Pierre Marage, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, S. D. Kolya, Th. Naumann, J. Turnau, P. Biddulph, Laurent Favart, P. Dingus, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, I. R. Kenyon, R. Gerhards, J. Martens, H. Spitzer, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, M. Steenbock, F. W. Büsser, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, W. Braunschweig, C. Dollfus, P. Truöl, R. Roosen, A. Courau, M. Winde, B. Delcourt, Emmanuel Monnier, R. Sell, L. Johnson, Ulrich Goerlach, M. Korn, M. A. Jabiol, P. Staroba, I. W. Walker, J. Haack, F. Moreau, J. D. Dowell, P. Goritchev, H. Duhm, U. Siewert, I. Tichomirov, Grazyna Nowak, M. Zimmer, R. Herma, P. E. Reimer, T. Köhler, B. Andrieu, C. Leverenz, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, G. Weber, M. Ruffer, Jean-Francois Laporte, S. Orenstein, Michel Devel, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, A. Jacholkowska, S. Mani, M. Vecko, K. Gamerdinger, E. Barrelet, O. Hamon, U. Straumann, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, J. Zacek, J. Ebert, A. Gellrich, G. G. Winter, H. Hufnagel, V. Efremenko, E. Deffur, U. Berthon, Frank Raupach, Armen Vartapetian, G. Grindhammer, H. Shooshtari, C. A. Meyer, J. Heatherington, P. Steffen, H. U. Martyn, S. Mikocki, J.M. Morton, N. Wulff, P. Kostka, P. Ribarics, Ch. Ley, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, P. Kasselmann, P. Fuhrmann, C.D. Hilton, G. Thompson, Ch. Berger, Horst Oberlack, Y. Soloviev, H. P. Wellisch, J. Duboc, B. Stella, D. Feeken, H. Greif, S. Kermiche, L. Goerlich, M. Rudowicz, C. Trenkel, D. Düllmann, Mikhail Danilov, H. Steiner, S. Eichenberger, Stephen Burke, U. Bassler, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, Daniel Pitzl, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, L. Criegee, R. Kaschowitz, D. Levin, J. Martyniak, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, V. Milone, W.D. Dau, A. Mavroidis, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, F. Kole, E. Ryseck, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, B. Fominykh, Tim Greenshaw, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, R. Felst, P. I. P. Kalmus, M. Eberle, I. Herynek, J. Moreels, Eckhart Fretwurst, J-P. Meyer, Peter Loch, Hans Peter Beck, D. Newton, W. Pilgram, T. Merz, M. Ibbotson, C. Jacobsson, Steve McMahon, T. R. Ebert, M. Seman, S. Kasarian, P. Lanius, P. Hill, J. Bán, V. Tchernyshov, Mario David, A. Fedotov, A. Drescher, M. W. Krasny, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, U. Kathage, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, E. Gabathuler, Nicolas Ellis, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, F. Brasse, A. De Roeck, P. Hartz, R. J. Ellison, R. Hedgecock, C. Vallée, Richard E. Taylor, J.R. Smith, M. Gennis, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, L. Urban, H. Henschel, T. Kurča, J. Stier, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, G. Bertrand-Coremans, A. Wegner, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, R. Eichler, J. P. Kubenka, G. W. Noyes, Peter Robmann, W. von Schlippe, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, F. Charles, Christophe Royon, I. Sheviakov, D. Gillespie, U. Krüger, B. Naroska, J. Sacton, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, J. Tutas, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, O. Dünger, R. Langkau, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, G. A. Beck, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, Dusan Bruncko, S. A. Murray, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, N. Huot, K. Rauschnabel, E. Binder, Martin Erdmann, H. Obrock, Rosario Martín, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, J. Ferencei, P. Van Esch, E. Elsen, E. Sanchez, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, L.A. Womersley, A. Valkarova, Vladimir Andreev, U. Gensch, A. Walther, F. Ould-Saada, C. Schmidt, U. Braun, W. Zimmermann, D. Handschuh, H. Krehbiel, D. Lüers, P. Verrecchia, G. Buschhorn, V. Schröder, H. H. Kaufmann, Leith Godfrey, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, J. Gayler, S. Masson, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, J. V. Morris, Y. Feng, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, A. Lebedev, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, G. Heinzelmann, M. Fleischer, J.P. Sutton, S. Valkar, C. Zeitnitz, Dave Sankey, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, T. Carli, R. C. W. Henderson, and J. Feltesse

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Photon, Hadron, Elementary particle, Electron, HERA, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Center of mass, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present first results on the total photoproduction cross section measurement with the H1 detector at HERA. The data were extracted from low Q2 collisions of 26.7 GeV electrons with 820 GeV protons. The γp total cross section has been measured by two independent methods in the γp center of mass energy range from 90 to 290 GeV. For an average center of mass energy of 195 GeV a value of σtot (γp) = 159 ± 7 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) μb was obtained.

Published
1993
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50. Hard scattering in γp interactions

Author

Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, T. Ahmed, G. Grindhammer, P. Steffen, P. Baranov, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, J-P. Meyer, Peter Schleper, H. P. Wellisch, W. Bartel, C. Schmidt, U. Braun, F. W. Büsser, Marc Besancon, W. Braunschweig, Stephen Maxfield, W. von Schlippe, R. Sell, A. DeRoeck, T. Merz, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, A.S. Belousov, W. Pilgram, P. Truöl, A. Buniatian, Jean-Francois Laporte, M. Ibbotson, M. Rüffer, P. Loch, I. Tichomirov, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, A. B. Clegg, B. Kuznik, Emmanuel Monnier, C. A. Meyer, R. Kaschowitz, K. C. Hoeger, Andrew Mehta, D. Handschuh, H. Krehbiel, Leif J. Jönsson, H. Lohmander, S. Kasarian, Frank Raupach, S. A. Murray, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, S. M. Robertson, I. R. Kenyon, H. Spitzer, H. U. Martyn, V. Riech, Ph. Huet, K. Rauschnabel, N. Wulff, Armen Vartapetian, Ch. Pichler, E. Binder, J. Riedlberger, Michel Devel, G. Thompson, V. Efremenko, H. Hufnagel, P. Kasselmann, P. VanEsch, M. Hapke, G. Buschhorn, P. Fuhrmann, P. Hill, J. Bán, S. Mikocki, E. Sanchez, D. Düllmann, E. Vogel, L. Goerlich, R. C. W. Henderson, C.D. Hilton, Kerstin Borras, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, S. Orenstein, Nicolas Ellis, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Martin Erdmann, W. Zimmermann, U. Obrock, J. Moreels, A. Semenov, R. Gerhards, E. Malinovski, J. Ference, H. Steiner, G. Bertrand-Coremans, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, R. Roosen, N. Magnussen, D. Levin, J. Martyniak, M. Kuhlen, D. Lüers, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, J.P. Phillips, R. Bernet, Stefan Valkar, L. Criegee, N. Sahlmann, A. Usik, J. Ebert, J. Haack, B. Fominykh, R. Nisius, R. Prosi, F. Brasse, R. L. Lander, Peter Robmann, H. Shooshtari, S. Egli, P. Hartz, I. O. Skillicorn, Hannes Jung, H. B. Dreis, T. R. Ebert, H. Bärwolff, E. Barrelet, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, P. Biddulph, M. A. Jabiol, J. Zacek, S. Mani, U. Berthon, P. Staroba, A. Wegner, Vladimir Andreev, D. Gillespie, M. Danilov, Ch. Ley, P. Verrecchia, A. Fedotov, Ch. Berger, H. P. Beck, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, Eckhart Fretwurst, Günter Flügge, Stephen Burke, T. P. Yiou, J. Turnau, D. P. C. Sankey, I. F. Fensome, U. Bassler, R. J. Ellison, I. W. Walker, E. Evrard, O. Dünger, C. Trenkel, M. Steenbock, G. A. Beck, R. Hedgecock, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Andrieu, M. Colombo, V. Milone, Murrough Landon, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, W.D. Dau, John A Coughlan, A. Babayev, J. Hladky, R. Eichler, I. Herynek, Horst Oberlack, G. Siegmon, B. Delcourt, A. Lebedev, L. Delbuono, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Vallée, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, M. Schulz, J. Gayler, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, A. E. Wright, V. Schröder, R. Felst, Richard E. Taylor, M. Eberle, J. M. Foster, C. Leverenz, J. Duboc, B. Stella, S. Eichenberger, H. Greif, F. Ould-Saada, O. Hamon, J. P. Kubenka, M. Savitsky, L. A. Womersley, P. Zavada, M. Vecko, L. Urban, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, U. Gensch, M. Rietz, H. Henschel, F. Moreau, H. H. Kaufmann, J. D. Dowell, M. Rudowicz, J. Cvach, T. Kurča, J. R. Smith, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, S. Peters, A. Jacholkowska, R. Herma, U. Kathage, M. Gennis, D. Haidt, Dusan Bruncko, G. Franke, E. Gabathuler, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, Leith Godfrey, A. Walther, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, P. Goritchev, A. Valkarova, Rosario Martín, K. Gamerdinger, E. Elsen, J. Marks, H. Bergstein, A. Rostovtsev, S. D. Kolya, Claus Kleinwort, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, F. Charles, I. Sheviakov, E. Deffur, U. Krüger, J.M. Morton, P. Kostka, P. Ribarics, Y. Soloviev, M. David, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, G. Heinzelmann, U. Lenhardt, S. Levonian, M. Fleischer, S. Kermiche, J.P. Sutton, J. Bürger, A. Mavroidis, H. Küster, P. I. P. Kalmus, S. Masson, C. Zeitnitz, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, A. Gellrich, M. Th. Wolff, T. Carli, J. V. Morris, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, Christophe Royon, Y. Feng, B. Naroska, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, J. Tutas, R. Langkau, H. Grässler, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, N. Huot, J. Feltesse, D. Feeken, Max Klein, C. Kiesling, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, J. Martens, F. Kole, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, W. Hildesheim, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, H. T. Phillips, E. Eisenhandler, S. Willard, P. Dingus, J. Vasdik, M. Winde, L. Johnson, Steve McMahon, Tim Greenshaw, J. Heatherington, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, D. Newton, M. Seman, G. W. Noyes, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, Laurent Favart, A. Drescher, C. Dollfus, Ulrich Goerlach, E. Ryseck, M. Korn, Daniel Pitzl, G. Weber, U. Straumann, Volker Blobel, D. Schmidt, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, C. Jacobson, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, J. Strachota, Jean Sacton, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, and P. E. Reimer

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Scattering, Detector, HERA, Jet (particle physics), Spectral line, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider
Abstract

We report on the investigation of the final state in interactions of quasi-real photons with protons. The data were taken with the H1 detector at the HERA ep collider. Evidence for hard interactions is seen in both single particle spectra and jet formation. The data can best be described by inclusion of resolved photon processess as predicted by QCD.

Published
1992
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