Search

The main requirement of multimedia communication service is to improve ultra-reliable and low-latency data communication, so the challenge of providing multimedia communication service is to improve data sharing for making full use of network resources. In this paper, a data content based vehicle clustering model is designed to analyze the transmitted multimedia data correlation between the vehicles, and the vehicles with high correlation of transmitted multimedia data are classified into a cluster and share the same resources. The data sharing in network is regarded as a performance criterion for adjusting the self-organized multimedia communication structure. Based on these factors, in order to ensure the stability of the self-organized communication structure, this paper proposes a content-aware stable multimedia communication algorithm for Internet of vehicles, which controls the multimedia communication within a certain range and combines with the transmitted multimedia data correlation of the vehicles that need to be adjusted. Finally, a network clustering structure with data sharing maximization and stable multimedia communication is performed. Extensive simulation experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of network stability, average end-to-end communication delay, and packet loss rate.

With the increasing amount of information and the growth of data sources on the battlefield, it is important to achieve better battlefield decision-making through the faster and more accurate emotion awareness provided by big data. Existing battlefield systems are mainly focused on logical information acquisition, rarely considering emotion factors. In this paper, an emotion-aware system for the battlefield environment (ESBE) is proposed to achieve various functions, including target localization, target recognition, motion behavior identification, etc., to support intelligent decision-making based on the emotional state of soldiers and other valuable information about the battlefield environment. The ESBE architecture consists of three layers: data-sensing, data-transmission, and data-processing. A heterogeneous network is introduced in data-transmission layer to speed up the transmission ratio and increase the network throughput. In the data-processing layer, cloud technology is introduced to store the big data while information fusion based on a variety of technologies is executed to process the big data. Then, the elaborated function of each architecture layer, such as the fundamental process of the ESBE system, as well as some function provided by the ESBE, is presented separately. Last but not least, the ESBE system is compared with four other existing systems in terms of functions and technologies.

The proper disposal of copper (Cu) polluted plant residues after phytoremediation has attracted extensive attention. In this study, the Cu-polluted biogas residue produced through anaerobic digestion was applied directly. Wheat, soybean and pakchoi were grown in pots for four seasons over two years. The application dosage of Cu-polluted biogas residue was evaluated by measuring growth conditions of crops, Cu content in edible parts, and amelioration of saline-alkali soil. The results showed that the biomass of the crops, the content of soil organic matter, total N and available P and microbial diversity can be improved, and the Cu concentration of the edible parts was all lower than limit standard. Amendment with 2% biogas residue enhanced the growth of beneficial bacteria and fungi, and decreased the relative abundances of potentially pathogenic fungi in the saline-alkali soil. The results of this study provide a basis for the safe utilisation of copper-polluted plant residues.

In pancreatic beta-cells, the predominant voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (Ca(V)1.2) and K(+) channel (K(V)2.1) are directly coupled to SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor) proteins. These SNARE proteins modulate channel expression and gating and closely associate these channels with the insulin secretory vesicles. We show that K(V)2.1 and Ca(V)1.2, but not K(V)1.4, SUR1, or Kir6.2, target to specialized cholesterol-rich lipid raft domains on beta-cell plasma membranes. Similarly, the SNARE proteins syntaxin 1A, SNAP-25, and VAMP-2, but not Munc-13-1 or n-Sec1, are associated with lipid rafts. Disruption of the lipid rafts by depleting membrane cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin shunts K(V)2.1, Ca(V)1.2, and SNARE proteins out of lipid rafts. Furthermore, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin inhibits K(V)2.1 but not Ca(V)1.2 channel activity and enhances single-cell exocytic events and insulin secretion. Membrane compartmentalization of ion channels and SNARE proteins in lipid rafts may be critical for the temporal and spatial coordination of insulin release, forming what has been described as the excitosome complex.

Voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) 2.1 is the dominant Kv channel that controls membrane repolarization in rat islet beta-cells and downstream insulin exocytosis. We recently showed that exocytotic SNARE protein SNAP-25 directly binds and modulates rat islet beta-cell Kv 2.1 channel protein at the cytoplasmic N terminus. We now show that SNARE protein syntaxin 1A (Syn-1A) binds and modulates rat islet beta-cell Kv2.1 at its cytoplasmic C terminus (Kv2.1C). In HEK293 cells overexpressing Kv2.1, we observed identical effects of channel inhibition by dialyzed GST-Syn-1A, which could be blocked by Kv2.1C domain proteins (C1: amino acids 412-633, C2: amino acids 634-853), but not the Kv2.1 cytoplasmic N terminus (amino acids 1-182). This was confirmed by direct binding of GST-Syn-1A to the Kv2.1C1 and C2 domains proteins. These findings are in contrast to our recent report showing that Syn-1A binds and modulates the cytoplasmic N terminus of neuronal Kv1.1 and not by its C terminus. Co-expression of Syn-1A in Kv2.1-expressing HEK293 cells inhibited Kv2.1 surfacing, which caused a reduction of Kv2.1 current density. In addition, Syn-1A caused a slowing of Kv2.1 current activation and reduction in the slope factor of steady-state inactivation, but had no affect on inactivation kinetics or voltage dependence of activation. Taken together, SNAP-25 and Syn-1A mediate secretion not only through its participation in the exocytotic SNARE complex, but also by regulating membrane potential and calcium entry through their interaction with Kv and Ca(2+) channels. In contrast to Ca(2+) channels, where these SNARE proteins act on a common synprint site, the SNARE proteins act not only on distinct sites within a Kv channel, but also on distinct sites between different Kv channel families.