1. Bioactivity, bioavailability, and gut microbiota transformations of dietary phenolic compounds: implications for COVID-19
- Author
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Ana Teresa Serra, Tatiana Emanuelli, Greicy M.M. Conterato, Inês Prazeres, Maria Rosário Bronze, Paula Rossini Augusti, and Cristiane Casagrande Denardin
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,ARE, antioxidant responsive element ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma ,ADAM17, A Disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 ,Review Article ,resveratrol ,Pharmacology ,CoVs, coronaviruses ,Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ,Biochemistry ,EA, ellagic acid ,Antioxidants ,quercetin ,GAE, gallic acid equivalents ,0302 clinical medicine ,LDL, low-density lipoprotein ,FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power ,GSH, glutathione ,TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ,TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2 ,IKK, IκB kinase ,MLVEC, mouse lung vascular endothelial cells ,ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ,media_common ,PBEC, primary cultured human bronchial epithelial cells ,EC, (-)-epicatechin ,MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ,SCFA, short-chain fatty acids ,ECG, (-)-epicatechin gallate ,MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 ,CA, coumaric acid ,8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine ,OS, oxidative stress ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor ,NK, natural killer ,sIL-6Rα, soluble form of IL-6 receptor ,Drug ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biological Availability ,EGC, (-)-epigallocatechin ,TRAP, total radical-trapping antioxidant potential ,ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ,Antiviral Agents ,MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ,WHO, World Health Organization ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Molecular Biology ,ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome ,3CLPro, chymotrypsin-like protease ,Abbreviations: AAPH, 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride ,TEAC-CUPRAC, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity - cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity ,AT1R, Ang II-receptor type 1 ,Nsp13, non-structural protein 13 helicase ,IL, interleukin ,Bioavailability ,EC50, Half maximal effective concentration ,TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Curcumin ,S - spike ,CAT, catalase ,NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 ,EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate ,PSPL, purple sweet potato leaves ,0301 basic medicine ,GCLC, glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit ,Clinical Biochemistry ,coronavirus ,IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration ,Resveratrol ,Gut flora ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid ,Biotransformation ,TAC, total antioxidant capacity ,oxidative stress ,curcumin ,NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B ,PRR– pattern recognition receptor ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,HBE, human bronchial epithelial cells ,RBC, red blood cells ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ,FA, ferulic acid ,JECFA, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ,NOX, NADPH oxidase ,mRNA, messenger RNA ,IFN, Interferon ,OATP, organic anion transporting protein ,QE, quercetin equivalents ,EFSA, European food safety authority ,MIP1α, macrophage inflammatory protein ,COVID-19, coronavirus disease 19 ,PC, phenolic compounds ,IBV, infectious bronchitis virus ,SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ,ANG II, angiotensin II ,Biology ,FPP, fermented papaya preparation ,SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,BEAS-2B, primary cultured human bronchial epithelial cells ,CYP, cytochrome ,ROS, reactive oxygen species ,Immune system ,Phenols ,SOD, superoxide dismutase ,medicine ,Animals ,PLPro, papain-like protease ,SARS-CoV-2 ,HMGB1– high-mobility group box 1 ,COVID-19 ,GA, gallic acid ,biology.organism_classification ,Vero E6, kidney epithelial cells ,EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,immune system ,PCA– protocatechuic acid ,inflammation ,Dietary Supplements ,RNA, ribonucleic acid - Abstract
The outbreak of mysterious pneumonia at the end of 2019 is associated with widespread research interest worldwide. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) targets multiple organs through inflammatory, immune, and redox mechanisms, and no effective drug for its prophylaxis or treatment has been identified until now. The use of dietary bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds (PC), has emerged as a putative nutritional or therapeutic adjunct approach for COVID-19. In the present study, scientific data on the mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of PC and their usefulness in COVID-19 mitigation are reviewed. In addition, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of dietary PC are studied. Moreover, the implications of digestion on the putative benefits of dietary PC against COVID-19 are presented by addressing the bioavailability and biotransformation of PC by the gut microbiota. Lastly, safety issues and possible drug interactions of PC and their implications in COVID-19 therapeutics are discussed.
- Published
- 2021