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Carotid atherosclerosis is responsible for ~20% of ischemic strokes, but it is unclear whether carotid disease is associated with the presence of downstream silent brain infarction (SBI). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the relationship between SBI and 2 separate manifestations of carotid atherosclerosis, carotid intima-media thickening (IMT) and luminal stenosis.Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library Database were searched with an additional search of references and citing articles of target studies. Articles were included if they reported an association between carotid IMT or stenosis and magnetic resonance imaging-defined SBI, excluding SBIs found after carotid intervention.We pooled 7 studies of carotid IMT reporting on 1469 subjects with SBI and 5102 subjects without SBI. Subjects with SBI had a larger mean IMT than subjects without SBI (pooled standardized mean difference, .37; 95% confidence interval [CI], .23-.51; P .0001). We pooled 11 studies of carotid stenosis reporting on 12,347 subjects (2110 subjects with carotid stenosis and 10,237 subjects without carotid stenosis). We found a higher prevalence of SBI among subjects with carotid stenosis (30.4% versus 17.4%). Our pooled random-effects analysis showed a significant positive relationship between carotid stenosis and SBI (odds ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.19-3.52; P .0001).Two forms of atherosclerotic disease, carotid IMT and stenosis, are both significantly associated with SBI. This review highlights a lack of consistent definitions for carotid disease measures and little evidence evaluating SBI prevalence downstream from carotid stenosis.

OBJECTIVE The incidence of adnexal masses in pregnancy is 1% to 6%. Although surgery is often indicated, there are no definitive management guidelines. We aimed to investigate the optimal approach to surgical management of adnexal masses in pregnancy on the basis of a meta-analysis of previous studies. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic review using MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to July 17, 2020. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION There were no restrictions on study type, language, or publication date. Comparative and noncomparative retrospective studies that reviewed operative techniques used in surgery of adnexal masses in pregnancy were included. Meta-analyses were performed to assess outcomes. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42019129709). TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS Comparative studies were identified for laparoscopy vs laparotomy and elective vs emergent surgery (11 and 4, respectively). Elective surgery is defined as a scheduled antepartum procedure. For laparoscopy vs laparotomy, the mean maternal ages and gestational ages at time of surgery were similar (27.8 years vs 27.7 years, p = .85; 16.2 weeks in laparoscopy vs 15.4 weeks in laparotomy, p = .59). Mass size was larger in those undergoing laparotomy (mean 8.8 cm vs 7.8 cm, p = .03). The most common pathologic condition was dermoid cyst (36%), and the risk of discovering a malignant tumor was 1%. Laparoscopy was not associated with a statistically increased risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) or preterm delivery (PTD) (odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-3.52; p = .31 and OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.47-1.89; p = .88, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was 2.5 days after laparoscopy vs 5.3 days after laparotomy (p

Study Objective To compare maternal and fetal outcomes in laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the surgical management of adnexal masses in pregnancy. Design Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 8027 titles and abstracts were screened, followed by 691 full articles. Ten retrospective studies were included in the meta-analysis. Setting N/A Patients or Participants N/A Interventions N/A Measurements and Main Results 287 women underwent laparoscopy and 496 underwent laparotomy. The median age undergoing laparoscopy versus laparotomy was similar (27.7 years and 27.3 years, respectively, p=0.80), as was the mean gestational age at time of surgery (16.0 weeks in laparoscopy and 15.6 weeks in laparotomy, p=0.59). The median size of the mass was 7.8 cm in laparoscopy and 9.1 cm in laparotomy (p=0.07). The most common pathology was dermoid (36%) and the overall risk of malignancy was 1%. Women undergoing laparoscopy were less likely to have a preterm delivery (OR 0.72 [0.33, 1.45]). However, laparoscopy was more likely to result in spontaneous abortion (OR 1.67 [0.67, 4.33]). Operative time was increased by 12.6 minutes in laparoscopy as compared to laparotomy (median 76.6 minutes vs 64.0 minutes, p=0.05). The Estimated blood loss (EBL) was lower in laparoscopy by 26.6 mL (median 48.9 mL for laparoscopy versus 75.5 mL for laparotomy, p=0.05). The median length of hospital stay (LOS) was 2.8 days for those undergoing laparoscopy versus 5.8 days for laparotomy (p Conclusion Laparoscopy for the surgical management of adnexal masses is associated with a lower EBL and reduced LOS. There is no statistically significant difference in the odds of preterm delivery or spontaneous abortion in laparoscopy as compared to laparotomy. Additional surgical complications and fetal outcomes of interest were not compared due to heterogeneity of the included articles. Laparoscopy is a safe alternative to laparotomy for the surgical management of adnexal masses in pregnancy.

The benefits of inclusion classrooms for students with Autism Spectrum Disorders have been frequently acknowledged by parents, instructors, and professionals in education settings. However, despite the general support for inclusion classrooms, students with autism often struggle academically. Among some of the factors that contribute to this outcome are: problems of student motivation, ineffective consequences for academic behavior, and ineffective learning histories with the instructor and the classroom environment. We review and describe evidence-based practices relative to each of these problems, all of which can be implemented by educators or other professionals in a classroom setting. We provide a description of these strategies, and examples of how to incorporate them effectively into daily instructional activities to improve academic engagement in children with autism.

The best generation for the evaluation and selection of a trait depends on its polygenic level and heritability. Little attention has been paid to integrating, in the same rice recurrent selection (RS) scheme, the separation of breeding generations. The option we propose is a new parallel and interlaced RS (PAIRS) scheme. We evaluated and selected earliness and grain size in the S0 generation, complete resistance to leaf blast in S1 plants, partial resistance to leaf and neck blast, earliness and yield components in S2 lines, gelatinization temperature, estimated by the extent of alkali spreading in S3 grains, and tolerance to rice delphacid (Tagasodes orizicolus) mechanical injuries in S3 plants. Although this innovative scheme may seem complicated overall, this first application of PAIRS highlights that the improvement of every methodological step is very easy. Through a complete recurrent selection and genetic recombination cycle, we obtained good progress for grain length, partial resistance to leaf blast and gelatinization temperature (alkali spreading value), and excellent progress for targeted earliness, complete resistance to leaf blast, partial resistance to neck blast and yield. The population size and the number of plants or lines chosen were adequate and we can recommend them to partners.

This research work belongs to a series of studies simultaneously performed with two previous publications in this journal as Part I. Al and 6201 Al alloy and Part 2. Pure copper. The aim of the project was to have a comparative picture of the joint effect of marine and industrial atmospheric pollutants on the corrosion resistance of wire metals employed for high power electric transmission. This one is also based on the pure Cu behaviour, but limited to six marine-industrial atmospheres with extremely high SO2 contents. The interest in this study was triggered by unusual results considered appropriate to investigate. Weight loss after 4 and 11 months exposure was determined and morphology of the attack was analysed through SEM-ESEM-EDX. Polarisation of samples after exposure to all the test sites as compared to bare Cu clarified the effect of unusually high SO2 pollutant contents in these atmospheres on the high protectiveness of the corrosion products formed. Fil: Vera, Rosa. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Chile Fil: Delgado, Diana. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Chile Fil: Rosales, Blanca Margarita. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas; Argentina

The aim of this study was to evaluate the joint effect of marine and industrial pollutants on the atmospheric corrosion of aluminium and its AA6201 alloy. Weight loss was determined after 4, 11, 16 and 24 months exposure being morphology and attack intensity analysed through SEM-EDX. Both materials showed the most intense attack for the highest SO2 contents. Good correlation among weight loss, attack depth and tensile strength to rupture with time and with pollutant contents was determined for both materials in most sites. The cause for low aggressiveness of the heaviest Cl- polluted atmosphere on aluminium was electrochemically demonstrated. Fil: Vera, Rosa. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Chile Fil: Delgado, Diana. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Chile Fil: Rosales, Blanca Margarita. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas; Argentina