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Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as biomarkers for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adipose tissue (AT), for which dysfunction is widely associated with T2D development, has been reported as a major source of circulating miRNAs. However, the role of dysfunctional AT in the altered pattern of circulating miRNAs associated with T2D onset remains unexplored. Herein, we investigated the relationship between T2D-associated circulating miRNAs and AT function, as well as the role of preadipocytes and adipocytes as secreting cells of candidate circulating miRNAs. Among the plasma miRNAs related to T2D onset in the CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and cardiovascular PREVention (CORDIOPREV) cohort, baseline miR-223-3p levels (diminished in patients who next developed T2D [incident-T2D]) were significantly related to AT insulin resistance (IR). Baseline serum from incident-T2D participants induced inflammation and IR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibited miR-223-3p secretion while enhancing miR-223-3p intracellular accumulation in 3T3-L1 (pre)adipocytes. Overexpression studies showed that an intracellular increase of miR-223-3p impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in these cells. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the alteration of circulating miRNAs preceding T2D, unveiling both preadipocytes and adipocytes as miR-223-3p-secreting cells and suggesting that inflammation promotes miR-223-3p intracellular accumulation, which might contribute to (pre)adipocyte dysfunction and body metabolic dysregulation., Graphical Abstract, The relationship between adipose dysfunction and circulating miRNAs associated with T2D onset was investigated. Low circulating miR-223-3p related to adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ATIRI) in incident-T2D subjects. Both preadipocytes and adipocytes secrete miR-223-3p, and inflammation-induced intracellular miR-223-3p accumulation leads to cell dysfunction, which might contribute to body metabolic dysregulation.

Kaya, Murat ( Aksaray, Yazar ), Chitosan samples from two mushroom species (Boletus bovinus, Laccaria laccata) were obtained and characterized by viscosimetry, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), elemental analyses (EA), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. Properties of the fungal chitosan samples were compared to commercial low-molecular weight chitosan, crustacean chitosan (Cervimunida johni) and chitosan obtained from an insect (Hilobius abietis). Additionally, the cytotoxic properties of chitosan in vitro on cancerous hepatoma and non-cancerous ovary cells cultivated on films with different chitosan concentrations was evaluated. As a conclusion, this study clearly revealed that low-molecular weight chitosan films and solutions with high degree of deacetylation can act cytotoxically on both tumor MH-22A and normal CHO cells in vitro. Consequently, this work may be useful for further investigations of natural anticancer products in medical areas.

Uysal, Omer/0000-0002-8833-697X; Kilic, Ertugrul/0000-0001-6494-8923; Elibol, Birsen/0000-0002-9462-0862 WOS: 000443177600024 PubMed: 30071285 Sirtuins have gained considerable attention as epigenetic regulators for slowing aging and age-related disorders. The growing association between neurodegeneration and inflammation has led researchers to investigate interactions of sirtuins with inflammatory markers in neurodegenerative diseases. We analyzed SIRT1's association with chronic inflammation in dementia as an age-related neurodegenerative condition through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin-7 (IL7) for the first time. In the present study, we observed a significant increase in the level of SIRT1 in patients with all types of dementia. Interestingly, the level of TLR4 protein was significantly lower in only the patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to the healthy elderly subjects. There was no significant change in the level of IL7 between the diseased and healthy elderly subjects. A significant positive correlation between SIRT1 level and age in healthy elderly subjects was evident according to Pearson's correlation test. However, this correlation was not observed in the dementia patients. Furthermore, the positive correlation between the levels of IL7 and TLR4 in the healthy elderly subjects was absent in the dementia patients. However, there was no direct association between the examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and dementia at the molecular level. According to logistic regression analysis, dementia risk increases 1.16 times due to an increase in the SIRT1 level and 24.23 times due to a decrease in the TLR4 level. Interestingly, a high level in the total antioxidant status (TAS) increases the risk of dementia approximately 33.32 times. Therefore, the current study, for the first time, provides a much better molecular understanding of the interaction between decreasing TLR4 levels and increasing SIRT1 levels in dementia, especially in AD. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of epigenetics in several age-related diseases and suggests that developing novel therapies to prevent or slow down the progression of dementia may support healthy aging.

Background & aims. G-allele of PNPLA3 (rs738409) favours triglycerides accumulation and steatosis. In this study, we examined the effect of quercetin and natural extracts from mushroom and artichoke on reducing lipid accumulation in hepatic cells. Material and methods. Huh7.5 cells were exposed to oleic acid (OA) and treated with quercetin and extracts to observe the lipid accumulation, the intracellular-TG concentration and the LD size. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR alpha-gamma) and cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) gene expression levels were analysed. Results. Quercetin decreased the intracellular lipids, LD size and the levels of intracellular-TG through the down-regulation of SREBP-1c, PPAR gamma and ACAT1 increasing PPAR alpha. The natural-extracts suppressed OA-induced lipid accumulation and the intracellular-TG. They down-regulate the hepatic lipogenesis through SREBP-1c, besides the activation of lipolysis through the increasing of PPAR alpha expression. Conclusions. Quercetin and the aqueous extracts decrease intracellular lipid accumulation by down-regulation of lipogenesis and up-regulation of lipolysis.

The development of functional food ingredients using legume seed proteins has potential for nutraceutical use. We purified recombinant β-conglutin proteins (rβ1 to rβ4, and rβ6) from narrow-leafed lupin using affinity–chromatography, and evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity using ex vivo and in vitro systems. rβ1, rβ3, and rβ6 produced lower levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (about –34.0–fold in all cases), iNOS mRNA (−7.15, −7.97, −7.41–fold), interleukin 1β (−12.05, −11.64, −12.16–fold), chemokine CCL5 (−16.0, −18.0, −19.0–fold), and cytokines including TNF-α INF-γ IL-1β IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12 (β1: −28, −100, −8, −2, −49, −45, −127–fold; β3: −22, −400, −9, −3, −33, −10, −2.54–fold; β6: −72, −122, −11, −3, −2000, −13, −338–fold). These results suggest that the β1, β3, and β6 conglutins have potential as functional food components in nutraceuticals and that can provide alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory-related diseases., This work was partially supported by the European Research Program MARIE CURIE (FP7-PEOPLE-24 2011-IOF) through the grant ref. number PIOF-GA-2011-301550 to JCJ-L, KBS and JDA. JCJ-L thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness for the grant ref. RYC-2014-16536 (Ramon y Cajal Research Program), and the grant ref. BFU2016-77243-P.

WOS: 000396955500019, PubMed: 28267493, In previous studies, chitin-based films were produced from chitin nanofibers in dust form and fully characterized. However, chitin films naturally present.in many organisms have not been isolated and characterized. Herein, structurally intact chitin films were successfully extracted from the dorsal pronoturn and the wing of cockroach. Despite using the same extraction procedure, important differences were observed. Especially, hydrophobicity, transparency, antifungal and antibacterial biofilm activities of wing chitin film were recorded notably higher than those of chitin film from the dorsal pronotum. However, better mechanical properties were observed for chitin film from the dorsal pronotum. Notably, among the tested bacteria, two common pathogens could not form biofilms on the surface of the films. This study clearly demonstrated natural chitin films obtained from an insect can provide a new perspective to chitin-based applications where chitin films with high thermal stability, transparency, resistance to bacterial biofilm formation and antifungal activity are needed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Funding Financial support has been provided by Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial (CDTI) in the framework of the project "Investigacion industrial de nuevos ingredientes, alimentos, tecnologias y seguridad en el ambito de alergias e intolerancias alimentarias" (IDI20170872) . Part of the research currently in progress in the authors' laboratory is funded by the company PAYMSA through the grant #4501 managed by the Fundacion General EmpresaUniversidad de Granada., Carolina Gomez-Llorente, Julio Plaza-Diaz and Angel Gil are part of the “UGR Plan Propio de Investigaci´on 2016” and the “Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granada”., The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial effect of three essential oils (cinnamon, white thyme, and clove) on selected intestinal pathogen bacteria, probiotic strains, and commensal bacteria. Additionally, their effects on inflammatory gene expression were also evaluated in a well-known intestinal human cellular model (Caco-2 cells). Cinnamon showed the highest antipathogenic microbial activity, followed by white thyme and clove. In the case of the probiotic strains, the inhibitory effect was observed at 0.1% (v/v), although growth recovery was seen after 24 h of incubation. Besides, cinnamon down-regulated the expression of genes related to the Toll-like receptor, nitric oxide, and apoptosis pathways. Similarly, secretion of interleukin 2 was inhibited by cinnamon. Results support the potential use of essential oils in the food industry for their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown and warrant further research., Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial (CDTI) IDI20170872, company PAYMSA 4501

WOS: 000390671400013, Secondary compounds in higher plants have great diversity in terms of biologic activity. Most of them are used for the defense by plants. This study aims to investigate the effects of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, and Persica vulgaris Mill. (Peach) on the germination of the seeds of cultivated plants such as Triticum aestivum L. (wheat), Zeamays L. (corn), Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea), as well as weeds such as Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. and Convolvulus arvensis L. Method 1, in which benzoic acid, salicylic acid, and Persica vulgaris Mill. are added to the germination environment at different doses, and Method 2, in which they are mixed with the irrigation water at the specified doses, have been employed in this study. As a result of this study, it has been determined that the leaf extract of P. vulgaris Mill., Benzoic acid, and salicylic acid prevent the growth of the root and stem in all seeds at high doses in both methods, and they increase the growth at low doses. According to the GC-MS results of the leaf extract of P. vulgaris Mill., benzoic acid has been determined to be at the highest rate. No difference has been found between months as a result of the HPLC analysis of the amounts of benzoic acid. The determination of negative effects of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, and peach leaf extract both on cultivated plants and weeds at high doses will repress the development of cultivated plants as well as weeds. Growing cultivated plants in places with peach trees may decrease the yield. The leaves should not be let decompose on the soil in defoliation season, and fallen leaves should be collected. Not collecting all of the leaves and leaving some of them may increase the development of weeds in the surrounding area since it may cause a low dose effect. (C) 2016 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000375896000026, PubMed ID: 27001602, The isolation of populations in the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas during the ice ages define four main paradigms that explain much of the known distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity in Europe. In this study we investigated the phylogeography of a wide-spread bat species, the bent-winged bat, Miniopterus schreibersii around the Mediterranean basin and in the Caucasus. Environmental Niche Modeling (ENM) analysis was applied to predict both the current distribution of the species and its distribution during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The combination of genetics and ENM results suggest that the populations of M. schreibersii in Europe, the Caucasus and Anatolia went extinct during the LGM, and the refugium for the species was a relatively small area to the east of the Levantine Sea, corresponding to the Mediterranean coasts of present-day Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and northeastern and northwestern Egypt. Subsequently the species first repopulated Anatolia, diversified there, and afterwards expanded into the Caucasus, continental Europe and North Africa after the end of the LGM. The fossil record in Iberia and the ENM results indicate continuous presence of Miniopterus in this peninsula that most probably was related to the Maghrebian lineage during the LGM, which did not persist afterwards. Using our results combined with similar findings in previous studies, we propose a new paradigm explaining the general distribution of genetic diversity in Europe involving the recolonization of the continent, with the main contribution from refugial populations in Anatolia and the Middle East. The study shows how genetics and ENM approaches can complement each other in providing a more detailed picture of intraspecific evolution. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., Research Fund of Bogazici University, Istanbul [08M104, 09S101, 11Y00P2]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK [112T698]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [IF/0497/2013]; IRCSET-Marie Curie International Mobility Fellowship in Science, Engineering and Technology; Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic [DKRVO 00023272], We would like to thank Elizabeth Hemond and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We also would like to thank Simos Demetropoulos, Petros Lymperakis, Dina Kovac, Vida Zrncic, Darija Josic, Sanja Drakulic, Tea Knapic, Yannis Kazoglou, Elena Papadatou, Xavier Gremillet, Monika Podgorelec, Peter Vallo, Thierry Disca, Vincent Prie, members of the Win-timdouine expedition (Morocco), Wassim M. Hizem, Pr. Said Nouira, and the "Direction generale des fork de Tunisie" for their assistance with the fieldwork. This study was supported by grants from the Research Fund of Bogazici University, Istanbul (08M104, 09S101 and 11Y00P2) and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK (112T698) to RB, from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (research contract IF/0497/2013) to HR, from the IRCSET-Marie Curie International Mobility Fellowship in Science, Engineering and Technology to SJP, and from the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (# DKRVO 00023272) to PB.

WOS: 000370464200004, PubMed ID: 26515518, Two complete mitogenomes of the stem borers, Calameuta filiformis and Calameuta idolon, and the complete A + T-rich region of Trachelus iudaicus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), are reported. The mitogenomes of these species are the longest reported from hymenopterans to date. A remarkable increase in length of the A + T-rich region, the longest for Hymenoptera, was found and compared across the tribe Cephini. The presence of the tRNA- and rRNA-like sequences were reported in the A + T-rich region of sawflies and they were suggested to play a role in replication and/or transcription. The long and short tandem repeats were orderly located in both sides of the A + T-rich region producing stable secondary structures. We suggest that the short tandem repeats are likely to function as a replication fork barrier. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [112T418], The financial support of the study was provided by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) via a research project with grant number 112T418. We are indebted to Dr. Stephen L Cameron (Queensland University of Technology, Australia) for his critical reading and his valuable comments on the manuscript. We express our sincere thanks to Miss Ozgal Dogan and Mr. H. Bilal Aydemir for their enormous effort and time in visualising and drawing some of the figures and helping with data presentation. We also thank the member of Cumhuriyet University Molecular Systematics Research Group (CUMSAG) for their help in every stages of laboratory work.

WOS: 000350089300011, PubMed ID: 25576223, Two nearly complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of wheat stem borers, Cephus pygmeus and Cephus sareptanus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), were sequenced, characterised and compared with the previously known mitogenome of Cephus cinctus. The gene orders are mostly conserved, except for translocation of trnM and swapped position often! and trnQ. An A + T bias was found, but a deviation from strand asymmetry was also detected on the J strand. All protein coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons, except for nad1, nad2 and atp8, and all are terminated with TAA, TA- or T- as a stop codon. The predicted secondary structures of rrnS and rrnL. genes are mostly consistent with reported hymenopteran species. However, an unusual elongation in rrnS, not know elsewhere in the order, was discovered in Cephus species. Three autonomous sequences detected in domains I and II are mainly responsible for the length expansions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [112T418], We are grateful to Dr. Donald L.J. Quicke for his critical reading and commenting on the manuscript. The financial support of the study provided by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) via a research project with grant number 112T418. We thank Mr. H. Bilal Aydemir for visualising and drawing some of the figures. We also thank the member of Cumhuriyet University Molecular Systematics Research Group (CUMSAG) for their help in every stages of laboratory work. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions.

International audience; The oomycete genus Aquastella is described to accommodate two new species of parasites of rotifers observed in Brooktrout Lake, New York State, USA. Three rotifer species - Keratella taurocephala, Polyarthra vulgaris, and Ploesoma truncatum - were infected, and this is the first report of oomycete infection in these species. Aquastella attenuata was specific to K. taurocephala and Aquastella acicularis was specific to P. vulgaris and P. truncatum. The occurrence of infections correlated with peak host population densities and rotifers were infected in the upper layers of the water column. Sequencing of 18S rRNA and phylogenetic analysis of both species placed them within the order Saprolegniales, in a clade closely related to Aphanomyces. The Aquastella species were morphologically distinct from other rotifer parasites as the developing sporangia penetrated out through the host body following its death to produce unique tapered outgrowths. Aquastella attenuata produced long, narrow, tapering, finger-like outgrowths, whilst A. acicularis produced shorter, spike-like outgrowths. We hypothesize that the outgrowths serve to deter predation and slow descent in the water column. Spore cleavage was intrasporangial with spore release through exit tubes. Aquastella attenuata produced primary zoospores, whereas A. acicularis released spherical primary aplanospores, more typical of other genera in the Aphanomyces clade. (C) 2014 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000334092900073, PubMed: 24530368, Spiders are a huge group which includes more than 44,000 species. But there has been no study of the chitin structure of spiders. In this study we physicochemically characterized chitin structure of two common spider species (Geolycosa vultuosa and Hogna radiata). Chitin content was determined as 8-8.5% for G. vultuosa and 6.5-7% for H. radiata. FTIR, TGA and XRD results showed that the chitin structures are in a-form. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) revealed that the surface morphology of each species is different. Chitin yielded from G. vultuosa has two different pore structures. The type one pore is rarely sequenced and its size ranges between 190 and 240 nm, while the type two pore is tightly sequenced and its size ranges between 11 and 32 nm. There is no information in previous studies about the chitin structure with two different pore morphologies. A new chitin surface morphology has been determined in G. vultuosa. The chitin isolated from H. radiata, has classic morphology: nanofibre structures (10-17 nm) and 195-260 nm sized pores. Acetylation degree of the chitin samples was calculated as 97% for G. vultuosa and 99% for H. radiata in accordance with elemental analysis results. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000290815300009, Three pepper cultivars (PM-702: resistant, Demre-8 and KM-hot: susceptible) with different resistances to Phytophthora capsici-22 (P. capsici-22) were inoculated with different concentrations of zoospores to analyze the time course of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), praline and total protein. Samples were collected from the leaves of three pepper cultivars on the 2nd, 4th. and 6th days after infection; important differences were observed in PAL activity, MDA amount, H(2)O(2), proline, and total protein with respect to zoospore concentration, infection time, and type of pepper cultivars. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, was increased in inoculated leaves of all three cultivars. The increase in production of PAL upon challenge was higher in the infected plants compared to the non-infected (control) plants. An early induction of PAL was observed in the leaves of all peppers infected with P. capsici within two days, making it one of the detected earlier responses to infection. Moreover, pathogen stress increased the rate of lipid peroxidation (which is indicated by increasing MDA content). Production of reactive oxygen species, H(2)O(2), and lipid peroxidation increased in pepper leaves by increasing time of infection and inoculum concentration. The findings suggested that PM-702 pepper cultivar was inherently better protected against lipid peroxidation under P. capsici stress than KM-hot and Demre-8. In addition, it was observed that proline content in the leaves of infected susceptible cultivars increased with time, but highest proline and total protein in non-infected (control) leaves were recorded in resistant cultivar. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000258550400009, PubMed: 17920681, Chemical toxic pollutants (especially heavy metals) are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems. Membrane phospholipids of aerobic organisms are continually subjected to oxidant challenges from endogenous and exogenous sources, while peroxidized membranes and lipid peroxidation products represent constant threats to aerobic cells. The primary antioxidant protection against free radical and ROS is provided by the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively. The trace element selenium has been implicated in chemo-prevention and drug-resistance through reduction of oxidative stress. Selenium could prevent damage to the unsaturated fatty acid Of subcellular membranes by lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals. The results reported here show that sodium selenite has an important contribution to antioxidative defense for the spleen and heart of rainbow trout. The ability of sodium selenite to prevent the oxidative stress induced by heavy metals (Cd2+, Cr3+) in fish was rationalized. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., Inonu University Research Fund [BAP 2004/27], This work was supported by Inonu University Research Fund (BAP 2004/27).

WOS: 000247759200014, PubMed ID: 17157500, Methanolic extracts of three different Tanacetum subspecies [Tanacetum densum (Lab.) Schultz Bip. subsp. sivasicum Hub-Mor and Grierson, Tanacetum densum (Lab.) Schultz Bip. subsp. eginense Heywood and Tanacetum densum (Lab.) Schultz Bip. subsp. amani Heywood] which are endemic to Turkish flora were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by two complementary test systems namely DPPH free radical scavenging and beta-carotene/linoleic acid. In DPPH system, the most active plant was T densum subsp. amani with an IC50 value of 69.30 +/- 0.37 mu g/ml. On the other hand, T. densum subsp. sivasicum exerted greater antioxidant activity than those of other subspecies in beta-carotene/linoleic acid system (79.10% +/- 1.83). Antioxidant activities of BHT, curcumine and ascorbic acid were also determined as positive controls in parallel experiments. Total phenolic constituents of the extracts of Tanacetum subspecies were performed employing the literature methods involving Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and gallic acid as standard. The amount of total phenolics was highest in subsp. sivasicum (162.33 +/- 3.57 mu g/mg), followed by subsp. amani (158.44 +/- 2.17 mu g/mg). Especially, a positive correlation was observed between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000245411500012, This study was designed to examine the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Clinopodium vulgare. GC-MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 40 compounds, representing 99.4% of the oil; thymol (38.9%), gamma-ter-pinene (29.6%) and p-cymene (9.1 %) were the main components. The samples were subjected to a screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and beta-carotene-linoleic acid assays. In the first case, IC50 value of the C. vulgare essential oil was determined as 63.0 +/- 2.71 mu g/ml. IC50 value of thymol and gamma-terpinene, the major compounds of the oil, was determined as 161 +/- 1.3 mu g/ml and 122 +/- 2.5 mu g/ml, respectively, whereas p-cymene did not show antioxidant activity. In beta-carotene-linoleic acid system, C. vulgare essential oil exhibited 52.3 +/- 1.19% inhibition against linoleic acid oxidation. In both systems, antioxidant capacities of BHT, curcurnine and ascorbic acid were also determined in parallel experiments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000239284800008, PubMed ID: 16785043, The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts of Parmelia saxatilis (L) Ach., Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Club. & C.F. Culb., Ramalina pollinaria (Wesstr.) Ach., Ramalina polymorpha (Liljeblad) Ach. and Umbilicaria nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) H. Magn. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by two separate methods: scavenging of free radical DPPH and the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. Extracts of Parmelia saxatilis, Platismatia glauca., Ramalina pollinaria and Ramalina polymorpha did not exert any activity in both assays, whereas those of Umbilicaria nylanderiana provided 50% inhibition at 400.2 mu g/ml concentration in the former and gave 53% inhibition at 2g/l concentration. Total phenolic constituents of extracts from lichen species tested (P. saxatilis, P. glauca, R. pollinaria, R. polymorpha and U. nylanderiana) were 1.0% (w/w), 1.1% (w/w), 1.0% (w/w), 0.8% (w/w) and (3.0% w/w), respectively (as gallic acid equivalent); implying that the observed activity could be related to the amount of polar phenolics. Extracts were also found to possess antimicrobial activity against some test bacteria and fungi and yeast. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000223522300007, Two new ensign wasp (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) genera, Protoparevania Deans and Eovernevania Deans, and species, P. lourothi Deans and E. cyrtocerca Deans, are described from the Lebanese amber outcrop of Mdeirij/Hammana. These fossils represent two of the oldest (120-130 Ma) known evaniids and share many of the synapomorphies that unite extant Evaniidae. Their unique morphological attributes and how they contribute to our current understanding of evolution in Evanioidea are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000178737500007, Although high concentrations of zinc and manganese were found in mandibles of insect larvae that bore into seeds, these metals were not detected in mandibles of insect larvae that attack previously damaged seeds. Metals were present in the larval mandibles of a lepidopteran, the Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella), and eight coleopterans, the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne), drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum), spider beetle (Gibbium aequinoctiale), warehouse beetle (Trogoderma variabile), cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus), larger black flour beetle (Cynaeus angustus), and cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus). Larvae of these species can chew into seeds. Larvae of six other coleopterans, the varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci), sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis), rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus), red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), longheaded flour beetle (Latheticus oryzae), and granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius) have little if any ability to chew into seeds, and did not have metal in their mandibles. Larvae of the granary weevil hatch and feed within seeds that were penetrated previously during egg deposition by adults. However, newly hatched larvae of the cowpea weevil and the Angoumois grain moth have to bore through the seed coat before they begin feeding, and they have mandibles with high concentrations of zinc. These data support the hypothesis that deposition of zinc and/or manganese in larval mandibles enhances the larva's ability to penetrate seeds. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

WOS: 000083546800003, The biosorption of copper(II), nickel(II) and chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions on dried (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Synechocystis sp.) algae were tested under laboratory conditions as a function of pH, initial metal ion and biomass concentrations. Optimum adsorption pH values of copper(II), nickel(II) and chromium(VI) were determined as 5.0, 4.5 and 2.0. respectively, for all three algae. At the optimal conditions, metal ion uptake increased with initial metal ion concentration up to 250 mg l(-1). Experimental results also showed the influence of the alga concentration on the metal uptake for all the species. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were suitable for describing the short-term biosorption of copper(IT), nickel(II) and chromium(VI) by all the algal species. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

European Biotechnology Conference -- MAY 05-07, 2016 -- LATVIA, WOS: 000380240300099

European Biotechnology Congress -- MAY 15-18, 2014 -- Lecce, ITALY, WOS: 000350032000235

Background: Correct functioning of the reward processing system is critical for optimizing decision-making as well as preventing the development of addictions and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, apathy, and anhedonia. Consequently, patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE-UHS) represent an excellent opportunity to study the brain networks involved in this system. Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate decision-making and the electrophysiological correlates of feedback processing in a sample of mTLE-UHS patients, compared to healthy controls. In addition, we assessed the impact of mesial temporal lobe surgical resection on these processes, as well as general, neuropsychological functioning. Method: 17 mTLE-UHS patients and 17 matched healthy controls completed: [1] a computerized version of the Game of Dice Task, [2] a Standard Iowa Gambling Task, and [3] a modified ERP version of a probabilistic gambling task coupled with multichannel electroencephalography. Neuropsychological scores were also obtained both pre- and post-surgery. Results: Behavioral analyses showed a pattern of increased risk for the mTLE-UHS group in decision-making under ambiguity compared to the control group. A decrease in the amplitude of the Feedback Related Negativity (FRN), a weaker effect of valence on delta power, and a general reduction of delta and theta power in the mTLE-UHS group, as compared to the control group, were also found. The beta-gamma activity associated with the delivery of positive reward was similar in both groups. Behavioral performance and electrophysiological measures did not worsen post-surgery. Conclusions: Patients with mTLE-UHS showed impairments in decision-making under ambiguity, particularly when they had to make decisions based on the outcomes of their choices, but not in decision-making under risk. No group differences were observed in decision-making when feedbacks were random. These results might be explained by the abnormal feedback processing seen in the EEG activity of patients with mTLE-UHS, and by concomitant impairments in working memory, and memory. These impairments may be linked to the disruption of mesial temporal lobe networks. Finally, feedback processing and decision-making under ambiguity were already affected in mTLE-UHS patients pre-surgery and did not show evidence of clear worsening post-surgery.

WOS: 000457344000037 The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential use of in situ gel formulations for voriconazole ocular delivery as fungal keratitis treatment. The in situ gelling system was applied to increase residence time and the bioavailability of voriconazole in the ocular mucosa. Temperature-triggered in situ gel formulations were prepared by cold method. Poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407 and carboxymethylcellulose were used for the preparation of thermosensitive in situ ocular gel. Voriconazole concentration in formulations was 0.1% (w/w). The prepared gels were evaluated for clarity, sol-gel transition temperature, gelling capacity, pH, viscosity, FT-IR and drug content. The gelation temperatures of all the formulations were within the range of 29-34 degrees C. All formulations exhibited fairly uniform drug content. Furthermore, sterility, antifungal activity, stability, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, and penetration and in vivo study of these formulations were also examined. Drug release results indicated that all formulations showed sustained release properties. Irritation studies showed that no ocular damage or clinically abnormal signs were observed in the cornea, conjunctiva or iris upon administration of the formulation. In conclusion, voriconazole loaded in situ gels could be offered as a promising strategy as ocular carriers for the treatment of fungal keratitis.

WOS: 000459528600053, Silica based SBA-15 nanoparticles functionalized with aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AP) groups were prepared, and then Cu2+ ions were decorated onto them via AP (Cu+2-SBA-15), and calculated by ICP-OES as 137.9 mg/g nanoparticles. The characterizations of SBA-15 and SBA-15-AP were examined by XRD, FTIR and BET analysis. Prepared Cu+2-SBA-15 nanoparticles were embedded into cryogel column (Cu+2-SBA-15 NEC) photographed by SEM, and tried to investigate some adsorption parameters against to lysozyme selected as model protein. Lysozyme adsorption studies were conducted in a continuous system. The maximum adsorption capacity (1275.2 mg/g particles) of Cu+2-SBA-15 nanoparticles was obtained at phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 with initial lysozyme concentration of 1 mg/mL. According to examined Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, Langmuir isotherm was fitted the best to this study. Composite cryogels were also used for 30 times in adsorption-desorption experiments. Purification capability of matrix was expressed as 88.5% with 913 purification yield from hen egg white (HEW) by means of SDS-PAGE. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000449553500003, Studies on sea turtles in Turkey have mostly been concentrated on nesting beaches. Although there is no sea turtle nesting beaches on the northern Aegean Sea coast, there are stranded sea turtle records from the northern Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. This study aimed to investigate causes of strandings and their spatio-temporal distribution in these two seas between 2010 and 2017. For data acquisition, denunciations to the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University's Sea Turtle Research and Application Center (COMU-DEKUM) were used. A total of 37 sea turtles were studied; 8.1% of them were Chelonia mydas, and 91.9% were Caretta caretta. The number of dead strandings (53%) was higher than that of injured strandings (47%). The mean curved carapace length and width of the 27 C. caretta individuals were 68.97 cm and 61.96 cm, respectively, and for C. mydas, these values were 34.5 cm and 29.5 cm, respectively. The most intensive area of strandings was Canakkale (76.5%). Moreover, although adult sea turtles were frequently stranded in the Sea of Marmara, sub-adult sea turtles were frequently stranded in the northern Aegean Sea. The leading causes of strandings in the study site were identified as intentional harm (45.9%) and fishing activities (27%). The results of this study show that coasts of the northern Aegean and the Sea of Marmara may be marine habitats of sea turtles. It is recommended that awareness-raising activities for fishermen in the region should be initiated. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000438500700010, The oral and injectable formulations of Voriconazole (VRZ), a known antifungal agent with low solubility, seem to cause severe side effects. Consequently, topical application of VRZ could be advantageous for skin fungal infections. In this study, VRZ embedded in a polymeric matrix composed of biocompatible poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene succinate) (PESu). The mats were prepared via solvent evaporation and fully characterized by Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), in vitro hydrolysis and release studies. The prepared blends defined as immiscible by DSC and SEM while FTIR spectroscopy did not disclose noticeable interactions between the polymers. It was found that hydrolysis was improved by increasing PESu content into the blend. VRZ loaded blends spectra exhibit slight differentiation compared to neat blends while the absence of VRZ melting peak, as DSC illustrated, indicated drug amorphization. Lastly, in vitro release studies depicted a controlled release pattern dependent on mats' hydrolysis degree. An improved antifungal activity of mats was detected by disc diffusion method against various microorganisms. Ex vivo studies of VRZ did not determine high permeation while histopathology results using mice were profitable. The irritation experiments displayed that the mats did not induce any skin irritation.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-04-01 Objective: The goal of the present work was to use dental conditions that have been independently associated with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) as a tool to identify a broader collection of individuals to be used for gene identification that lead to clefts. Study design: We studied 1573 DNA samples combining individuals that were born with CL/P or had tooth agenesis, supernumerary teeth, molar incisor hypomineralization, or dental caries with the goal to identify genetic associations. We tested 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were located in the vicinity of regions suggested to contribute to supernumerary teeth. Overrepresentation of alleles were determined for combinations of individuals as well as for each individual phenotypic group with an α of.05. Results: We determined that the allele C of rs622260 was overrepresented in all individuals studied compared with a group of unrelated individuals who did not present any of the conditions described earlier. When subgroups were tested, associations were found for individuals with hypomineralization. Conclusions: Although we did not test this hypothesis directly in the present study, based on associations reported previously, we believe that CL/P is actually a syndrome of alterations of the dentition, and considering it that way may allow for the identification of genotype-phenotype correlations that may be useful for clinical care. Department of Pedodontics School of Dentistry Istanbul University Department of Pedodontics School of Dentistry Istanbul Medipol University Department of Oral Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Department of Pediatric Dentistry UNESP Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Department of Pediatric Dentistry UNESP

WOS: 000427217300031, PubMed: 29316524, Molecularly imprinted polymers which have been extensively investigated as selective adsorbents were constructed using a template molecule during the polymerization to gain template-specific cavities. In this study, we prepared cholesterol imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methacryloyamidotryptophan) (PHEMA-MTrp) particles embedded composite membranes. These membranes were characterized through elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM, swelling tests, and surface area measurements. Adsorption experiments were performed in a batch experimental set-up, and the adsorption medium was either a methanol or intestinal-mimicking solution. Stigmasterol and estradiol were used as competing molecules in selectivity tests. Some results are as follows: the specific surface areas of MIP particle-embedded membranes, NIP particle-embedded membranes, and membranes without particles were 36.5, 29.2 and 13.7 m(2)/g, respectively. The imprinted membranes were 1.96 and 2.13 times more selective for cholesterol when compared to stigmasterol and estradiol used as competitor agents, respectively. Cholesterol adsorption capacity increased up to 23.43 mg/g with increasing cholesterol concentration of 2 mg/mL. The MIP particle-embedded composite membranes showed a negligible loss in cholesterol adsorption capacity after ten consecutive adsorption cycles using the same adsorbent. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000413177200002, PubMed ID: 28841406, The interactions of small molecules with G-quadruplex and double stranded DNA are important due to their potential biological and medical usages. In the present paper, the interactions of indium (III) phthalocyanines (quaternized 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis-[(3-pyridyloxy) phthalocyaninato] chloroindium(III): OInPc and quaternized 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis-[(3-pyridyloxy) phthalocyaninato] chloroindium(III): TInPc) with hybrid G-quadruplex (Tel 21) and parallel G-quadruplexes (nucleolin, KRAS, c-MYC, vegf) were studied. The interactions of these phthalocyanines with ctDNA were also investigated. These interactions were measured by different spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism. The UV-Vis spectroscopic data treated with Benesi-Hildebrand equation and Benesi-Hildebrand constants (K-BH) were calculated. These constants were found higher for octa peripheral pyridyloxy substituted phthalocyanine, OInPc. Besides, UV-Vis analysis showed that the interaction of G-quadruplexes with tetra peripheral pyridyloxy substituted phthalocyanine derivative (TInPc) resulted in removal of central indium (III) atom from the cavity of phthalocyanine macrocycle. The UV-Vis melting studies as well as fluorescence replacement techniques were also employed for clarification of mechanism. The binding mode of molecules with ct DNA was also supported with viscosity measurements. From the results, the stabilization and destabilization of G-quadruplex depending on the concentration of the OInPc and TInPc showed that these two indium (III) phthalocyanines have the potential of both the elucidation role of G-quadruplexes in gene expression and the usage in cancer therapy., Cumhuriyet University; Cumhuriyet University Advanced Technology Research Center (CUTAM), The authors are fully grateful for the financial support of the Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Cumhuriyet University and Cumhuriyet University Advanced Technology Research Center (CUTAM).

Differentiation of biochar and native soil organic matter (SOM) is required to assess the effect of biochar amendment on in-situ changes of SOM. Therefore, we used C-4 biochar produced at high temperature (1200 degrees C) by gasification (BCGS) and measured the C-13 abundance of density and particle size fractions. We quantified the BCGS effects on distinct native C-3-SOM pools of a grassland topsoil one year after BCGS amendment. The chemical composition was analyzed with solid-state C-13 CPMAS NMR, whereas information on the nanostructure of BCGS were obtained by Raman microspectroscopy measurements. Our aim was to assess BCGS induced chemical changes of SOM and physical fractions and to validate the accuracy of BCGS detection by C-13 NMR spectroscopy. Quantification by isotopic measurements and C-13 NMR spectroscopy for aromatic C yielded similar estimates of BC in soils. Of the total BCGS, 52% were recovered as free particulate organic matter (POM) and 33% were located in aggregated soil structures isolated as occluded POM particles. Around 4% of the total BCGS was detected in the clay fraction. After one year of field exposure, the surface of the BCGS particles decreased in unordered graphitic-like structures. The higher ordered BC residue is supposed to be more recalcitrant. The native SOC stock increase (p = 0.06, n = 4) in the clay fraction indicated increased sequestration of organic matter as mineral-bound SOM due to BCGS amendment. With respect to soil functionality, the BCGS amendment induced a tremendous shift from a soil system dominated by organo-mineral associations to POM-dominated OC storage, resulting in increased soil air capacity. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000405536800027, Using nanofibers as a reinforcement material in the concrete and its positive effect on the concrete strength is one of the most popular topics in recent years. In the present study it was demonstrated that the nanofibers derived from waste algae (Cladophora sp) increased 2.7 times the flexural stress of the concrete. Firstly, the cellulose nanofibers were derived from Cladophora sp algae which stand in the nature as a waste and can be collected in tones. The obtained cellulose nanofiber and the commercial cellulose were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) methods. Then, various amounts of the cellulose nanofiber and the commercial cellulose were added in the cement paste. Before the flexural stress tests, the concrete samples were left to dry for one week. Flexural stresses of the concrete samples were measured by the three-point bending test. The flexural stress of the control concrete sample (with no nanofibers) was measured as 2.21 MPa. The flexural stress of the concrete sample added 1.0 g cellulose nanofiber (derived from algae) were measured 5.96 MPa. On the other hand, it was determined that the commercial cellulose fibers decreased the flexural stress of the concrete samples. The used Cladophora sp algae in this study has a worldwide potential of extreme algal blooming in the aquatic ecosystems and the algal blooming of Cladophora sp causes to eutrophication of water sources. In this study it was proven that removing of algal mats from nature and using them as a reinforced material in concrete can be wisely solution instead of the synthetic cement paste additives. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Yerba mate extracts are naturally enriched with several antioxidant compounds. Therefore, this natural product constitutes a fertile field of research directed to test its antioxidant and therapeutic properties in the Central Nervous System. We tested the ability of yerba mate to prevent the chemically-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione balance (GSH:GSSG) disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro in rat brain synaptosomal/mitochondrial fractions, and compared these effects with those of its most abundant compound chlorogenic acid (CGA). Yerba mate prevented glutathione depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction, and these effects were correlated with its ability to prevent ROS formation. CGA prevented oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, but its effects were less intense than those of the extract. Our results suggest that the protective properties exhibited by yerba mate cannot be merely attributable to its main component CGA. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000405677900010, This study identifies wild plants collected for medical purposes by local people of Karaisali County in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey, together with the uses and local names of these plants. A field study was carried out over a period of approximately 2 years (2008-2010). During this period, 129 vascular plant specimens were collected. Demographic characteristics of participants, local plant names, parts used and methods of preparation of the plants were investigated and recorded. Within the scope of the study, relevant plant species were collected; herbarium materials were prepared; and the specimens were labelled. In addition, the use-value of the species was determined and calculated for the medicinal plants included in the study. A total of 129 medical plants belonging to 59 families were identified in the region. The most common families were: Lamiaceae (14 plants), Asteraceae (11 plants), Rosaceae (10 plants), Apiaceae (5 plants), Euphorbiaceae (5 plants). A comparison of the data obtained in this study with experimental data obtained in previous laboratory studies, confirmed most of the ethnobotanical uses. The plant flora of Karaisali is threatened by such factors as grazing, expansion of new agricultural lands, and unsustainable harvesting of plants to generate income. Steps should be taken immediately to ensure the inclusion of relevant flora within conservation designations.

During eukaryotic translation initiation, eIF3 binds the solvent-accessible side of the 40S ribosome and recruits the gate-keeper protein eIF1 and eIF5 to the decoding center. This is largely mediated by the N-terminal domain (NTD) of eIF3c, which can be divided into three parts: 3c0, 3c1, and 3c2. The N-terminal part, 3c0, binds eIF5 strongly but only weakly to the ribosome-binding surface of eIF1, whereas 3c1 and 3c2 form a stoichiometric complex with eIF1. 3c1 contacts eIF1 through Arg-53 and Leu-96, while 3c2 faces 40S protein uS15/S13, to anchor eIF1 to the scanning pre-initiation complex (PIC). We propose that the 3c0:eIF1 interaction diminishes eIF1 binding to the 40S, whereas 3c0:eIF5 interaction stabilizes the scanning PIC by precluding this inhibitory interaction. Upon start codon recognition, interactions involving eIF5, and ultimately 3c0:eIF1 association, facilitate eIF1 release. Our results reveal intricate molecular interactions within the PIC, programmed for rapid scanning-arrest at the start codon., Cell Reports, 18 (11), ISSN:2666-3864, ISSN:2211-1247

International audience; Keratin is an insoluble fibrous protein from natural environments, which can be recycled to value-added products by keratinolytic microorganisms. A microbial consortium with efficient keratinolytic activity was previously enriched from soil, but the genetic basis behind its remarkable degradation properties was not investigated yet. To identify the metabolic pathways involved in keratinolysis and clarify the observed synergy among community members, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to reconstruct metagenome-assembled genomes. More than 90% genera of the enriched bacterial consortium were affiliated to Chryseobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, and Pseudomonas. Metabolic potential and putative keratinases were predicted from the metagenomic annotation, providing the genetic basis of keratin degradation. Furthermore, metabolic pathways associated with keratinolytic processes such as amino acid metabolism, disulfide reduction and urea cycle were investigated from seven high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes, revealing the potential metabolic cooperation related to keratin degradation. This knowledge deepens the understanding ofmicrobial keratinolytic mechanisms at play in a complex community, pinpointing the significance of synergistic interactions, which could be further used to optimize industrial keratin degradation processes. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000382600000068, PubMed ID: 27524056, In this study, newly modified hydroxyapatite microbeads were used to isolate alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) from cow's milk by a single step. Inorganic material, pure hydroxyapatite was embedded in ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of pore maker. Newly synthesized hydroxyapatite microbeads were used firstly for adsorption of alpha-LA from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of alpha-LA from aqueous solution was observed at pH 7.0 (10.0 mM phosphate buffer) at 25 degrees C in a batch system, in which parallel separate experiments were performed independently. Synthesized hydroxyapatite microbeads and pure hydroxyapatite were used for adsorption studies from whole milk (without pre-treatment such as fat and caseins removal). Our method is cheap, simple, efficient and rapid. The results showed that modified hydroxyapatite microbeads had selective affinity to alpha-LA because of good adsorption properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) [F-421], This work was supported by The Research Fund of Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP, project number F-421).

WOS: 000386867900008, The genus Pimpinella is represented with 26 taxa (8 endemic) in Turkey and 170-180 species in the World. Pimpinella fruits known for two bigger vittae on the commissural side; elliptic, half-round, round and pentagonal mericarps shapes; and papillate, pubescent or puberulous hairs as anatomical. Turkish Pimpinella species have been separated into four groups according to anatomical characters. Based on our anatomical results generally found to be compatible when compared with the Wolff's sections, and molecular data (except some species such as Pimpinella flabellifolia, Pimpinella saxifrage). On the other hand, a revision of the sections is necessary. In addition, an identification key of the groups has been prepared to represent the similarities and differences between the species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved., Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University [4821], The authors would like to express their special thanks to director of GAZI Herbarium for the fruits of P. oliverioides and P. paucidentata. This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, Project number: 4821.

WOS: 000374362200007, This study aimed to identify wild plants collected for medicinal purposes by the local people of Ulukisla County, located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey and to establish the uses and local names of these plants. A field study was carried out over a period of approximately 2 years (2002-2003). During this period, 59 vascular plant specimens were collected. Demographic characteristics of participants, local plant names, plant parts used and preparation methods of the plants were investigated and recorded. Within the scope of the study, the plant species were collected; herbarium materials were prepared; and the plant specimens were named. In addition, the relative importance value of the species was determined and was calculated for the medicinal plants included in the study. A total of 59 medical plants belonging to 27 families were identified in the region. The most common families were Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Apiaceae. This study identified not only the wild plants collected for medical purposes by local people of Ulukisla County in the Central Anatolia Region, but also the uses and local names of these plants. Comparison of the data obtained in this study from the plants growing in Ulukisla with the experimental data obtained in previous laboratory studies showed mostly the same ethnobotanical usages. The plant flora of Ulukisla is threatened by such factors as grazing, expansion of new agricultural lands, and unsustainable picking of plants to generate income. Steps should be taken immediately to ensure the inclusion of relevant flora within conservation designations. Published by Elsevier GmbH.

WOS: 000362305000018, PubMed: 26232334, Up-regulation of ADAMTS genes with proinflammatory cytokines is important for some pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA) that is a disease based on ECM degradation in cartilage. IL-1 alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine and important both to normal and pathophysiologic conditions in cartilage and bone. Effects of some proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta on the some members of ADAMTS family have been investigated in some chondrocyte tissues or cell lines. However the effect of the IL-1 alpha on the expression of ADAMTS-2 and ADAMTS-3 gene expression in osteoblast like cell lines, remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of IL-1 alpha on ADAMTS-2 and ADAMTS-3 gene expression in osteoblast like cells, Saos-2 and MG-63. The present study, for the first time, demonstrated that IL-1 alpha increases ADAMTS-2 and ADAMTS-3 gene expressions in both Saos-2 and MG-63 cells. Having correlation to mRNA induction, the upregulation of ADAMTS-2,-3 protein levels by IL-1 alpha stimulation is also observed. The inhibition studies showed that this upregulation occurred at the level of transcription, and there was no effect of IL-1 alpha on ADAMTS-2 mRNA half-life in Saos-2 cells. Transactivation potential of IL-1 alpha on ADAMTS-2 promoter was investigated by transient transfection assay. Specifically, IL-1 alpha strongly increased -658/+112 and -530/+112 ADAMTS-2 promoter constructs. Further, we analyzed signaling pathways involved in ADAMTS-2 induction. Pathway inhibition studies revealed that this upregulation depends on the activation of MEK, JNK and PI3K pathways. These findings suggested that IL-1 alpha is a strong positive regulator of ADAMTS-2 and ADAMTS-3 expression. These findings would provide novel insight into the pathophysiology of OA. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [212T200]; Balikesir University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) [2010/39], This work was supported mainly by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (212T200) and partially by the Balikesir University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) (2010/39). Saos-2 cells were kindly provided by Dr. Kenneth Wann (Cardiff, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UK).

The RNA recognition motif (RRM) is the far most abundant RNA binding domain. In addition to the typical β1α1β2β3α2β4 fold, various sub-structural elements have been described and reportedly contribute to the high functional versatility of RRMs. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L) is a highly abundant protein of 64 kDa comprising four RRM domains. Involved in many aspects of RNA metabolism, hnRNP L specifically binds to RNAs containing CA repeats or CA-rich clusters. However, a comprehensive structural description of hnRNP L including its sub-structural elements is missing. Here, we present the structural characterization of the RRM domains of hnRNP L and demonstrate their function in repressing exon 4 of SLC2A2. By comparison of the sub-structural elements between the two highly similar paralog families of hnRNP L and PTB, we defined signatures underlying interacting C-terminal coils (ICCs), the RRM34 domain interaction and RRMs with a C-terminal fifth β-strand, a variation we denoted vRRMs. Furthermore, computational analysis revealed new putative ICC-containing RRM families and allowed us to propose an evolutionary scenario explaining the origins of the ICC and fifth β-strand sub-structural extensions. Our studies provide insights of domain requirements in alternative splicing mediated by hnRNP L and molecular descriptions for the sub-structural elements. In addition, the analysis presented may help to classify other abundant RRM extensions and to predict structure–function relationships.

International audience; Seeds of Lactuca sativa L. 'Romaine' were subjected to priming treatments with UV-C radiation at 0.85 or 3.42 kJ m À2. Seedlings obtained from both primed (Pr) and non-primed (NPr) seeds were grown in an hydroponic culture system supplemented with 0 (control) or 100 mM NaCl. After 21 days of NaCl treatment, root and leaf biomass, root lengths, leaf numbers, and leaf surface area were measured. Ions (Na þ and K þ) accumulation was determined in roots and leaves. Total phenolic compound and flavonoid concentrations, as well as antioxidant and antiradical activities were measured in L. sativa leaves. Salt stress resulted in a lower increase in fresh weight of roots and leaves, which was more pronounced in roots than in leaves, due to reduced root elongation, leaf number and leaf expansion, as well as leaf thickness. The lower increase in fresh weight was accompanied by a restriction in tissue hydration and K þ ion uptake, as well as an increase in Na þ ion concentrations in all organs. These effects were mitigated in plants from the UV-C primed seeds. The mitigating effect of UV-C was more pronounced at 0.85 than at 3.42 kJ m À2. Salt stress also resulted in an increase in total phenolic compounds and flavonoid concentrations and in the total antioxidant capacity in leaves. The highest diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity was found in the leaves of plants from both Pr seeds. Our results suggest that plants grown from seed primed by exposure to moderate UV-C radiation exhibited a higher tolerance to salinity stress.

WOS: 000323401000001, The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a classic and powerful decision support tool. However, the conventional AHP has some disadvantages originating in the expert decision-making process. To minimize the disadvantages of the conventional AHP, a modified analytical hierarchy process (M-AHP), is suggested in this study. This study is conducted in three stages: (i) the theoretical background for the conventional AHP is introduced, (ii) essentials for the proposed M-AHP technique are given with an example solution for the evaluation of snow avalanche source susceptibility, and (iii) a computer code named M-AHP is presented. By applying the methodology suggested in this study, the consistency ratio value for the comparison matrix and the weight vector never exceeds 0.10. The M-AHP program is a complementary tool for natural hazard, natural resource, or nature preservation researchers who apply the M-AHP technique to their decision support problem. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

International audience; The variation in the leaf content of phenolic compounds has been related to the UV-B changes of the environment in which plants grow. In this context, we aimed to investigate: a) whether the seasonal and altitudinal changes in the content of phenolic compounds of Buxus sempervirens L. leaves and cuticles could be related to the natural fluctuations in UV-B levels and b) the possible use of specific phenolic compounds as biomarkers of ambient UV-B levels. To achieve these goals we sampled, every three months during one year, leaves of B. sempervirens along an altitudinal gradient. At the lowest and the highest altitudes, we also conducted a UV-exclusion experiment to discern whether the observed changes could be attributed to the natural variation in UV-B. Results show that total phenolic content of leaves was lower in June than in the other sampling dates, which suggests a leaf ontogenic rather than a UV-B effect on the leaf content of these compounds. Regarding the elevational gradient, the overall amount of phenolic acids and neolignan of entire leaves increased with altitude while the total amount of flavonoids in leaf cuticles decreased. However, the lack of a significant effect of our UV-exclusion treatment on the content of these compounds suggests that the observed variations along the altitudinal gradient would respond to other factors rather than to UV-B. Concomitantly, we did not find any phenolic compound in leaves or cuticles of B. sempervirens that could be considered as a biomarker of ambient UV-B levels. (c) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

International audience; Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A (Pf-CL145A) has demonstrated promise as an efficacious and selective agent for the control of macrofouling Dreissena spp. mussels. Herein, we report trials to investigate the mode of action of this biocontrol agent against Dreissena polymorpha, the zebra mussel. Exposure to dead Pf-CL145A cells achieved the same temporal pattern and percentage mussel mortality as did live cells, thereby excluding infection as the possible lethal mode of action. Histological analysis revealed pathologies consistent with the cause of death being intoxicating natural products associated with Pf-CL145A cells. Irrespective of whether the mussels were exposed to live or dead Pf-CL145A cells, examination of tissues from histological sections revealed that: (1) at the end of the 24-h treatment period there was massive hemocyte infiltration into the lumina of both the digestive gland and stomach; and (2) mussel deaths occurred following lysis and necrosis of the digestive gland and sloughing of stomach epithelium. These trials provide strong evidence that the lethal mode of action of Pf-CL145A is intoxication.

International audience; Parasites can be reliable tool in assessing the effects of ecosystem disturbances. However, they can respond in different ways and any changes in assemblages are not easily predictable. Descriptive modelling could be a first step since providing information on the relative importance of a pollutant on parasite occurrence. We chose the zebra mussel, as test organism and twelve sites in France and the United States. Contaminants had not the same impact on microparasite occurrence. Metals enhanced the infection, except zinc associated only with higher prevalence of the commensal ciliate Conchophthirus acuminatus. We should note that Rickettsiales-like organism infection is higher at higher Ni and Cr concentrations. Models indicated also that the most polluted sites were also those with higher rates of co-infections. Therefore, the continuous contamination of freshwater ecosystems implies a significant risk promoting the development of parasites that may affect bivalve populations and other species belonging to their life-cycle.

WOS: 000316645100012, PubMed ID: 23298591, The removal of tetracycline (TC) from aqueous environment by new type of sorbents, tannin based cryogels (TAB CRGs) and control cryogels (CRGs) was studied in a batch system. The experimental parameters that affect the sorption of TC were optimized to achieve maximum removal yield. Prepared cryogels were characterized by SEM imaging, IR spectroscopy (ATR). Produced TAB cryogels have thin polymeric walls and interconnected large pores. The TAB cryogels are elastic and sponge like; its water content can easily be removed by only compressed with hand. The TAB cryogels restore their original shape and size within seconds after soaked in water. On the other, elasticity of blank CRG is lower. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were conducted to deduce the mechanism of the process. The kinetics of TC adsorption was moderately fast and almost reached equilibrium in 150 min and the results followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Statistical models are key for estimating fish distributions based on environmental variables, and validation is generally advocated as indispensable but seldom applied. Generalized Linear Models were applied to distributions of juvenile Solea solea, Solea senegalensis, Platichthys flesus and Dicentrarchus labrax in response to environmental variables throughout Portuguese estuaries. Species-specific Delta models with two sub-models were used: Binomial (presence/absence); Gamma (density when present). Models were fitted and tested on separate data sets to estimate the accuracy and robustness of predictions. Temperature, salinity and mud content in sediment were included in most models for presence/absence; salinity and depth in most models for density (when present). In Binomial models (presence/absence), goodness-of-fit, accuracy and robustness varied concurrently among species, and fair to high accuracy and robustness were attained for all species, in models with poor to high goodness-of-fit. But in Gamma models (density when present), goodness-of-fit was not indicative of accuracy and robustness. Only for Platichthys flesus were Gamma and also coupled Delta models (density) accurate and robust, despite some moderate bias and inconsistency in predicted density. The accuracy and robustness of final density estimations were defined by the accuracy and robustness of the estimations of presence/absence and density (when present) provided by the sub-models. The mismatches between goodness-of-fit, accuracy and robustness of positive density models, as well as the difference in performance of presence/absence and density models demonstrated the importance of validation procedures in the evaluation of the value of habitat suitability models as predictive tools. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Living systems are forced away from thermodynamic equilibrium by exchange of mass and energy with their environment. In order to model a biochemical reaction network in a non-equilibrium state one requires a mathematical formulation to mimic this forcing. We provide a general formulation to force an arbitrary large kinetic model in a manner that is still consistent with the existence of a non-equilibrium steady state. We can guarantee the existence of a non-equilibrium steady state assuming only two conditions; that every reaction is mass balanced and that continuous kinetic reaction rate laws never lead to a negative molecule concentration. These conditions can be verified in polynomial time and are flexible enough to permit one to force a system away from equilibrium. In an expository biochemical example we show how a reversible, mass balanced perpetual reaction, with thermodynamically infeasible kinetic parameters, can be used to perpetually force a kinetic model of anaerobic glycolysis in a manner consistent with the existence of a steady state. Easily testable existence conditions are foundational for efforts to reliably compute non-equilibrium steady states in genome-scale biochemical kinetic models., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures (v2 is now placed in proper context of the excellent 1962 paper by James Wei entitled "Axiomatic treatment of chemical reaction systems". In addition, section 4, on "Utility of steady state existence theorem" has been expanded.)