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Rationale and Objectives To evaluate possible correlation between changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and Ki-67 index as a result of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with invasive breast cancer. Methods and Materials Between February 2016 and October 2017, 87 patients with breast cancer underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (b = 0 and 800 sec/mm2) before and after NAC. ADC and tumor diameter before and after NAC were compared to the Ki-67 index determined from biopsy or surgical specimens. Results Ki-67 index did not correlate significantly with ADC before NAC (p = 0.862) or afterwards (p = 0.292), nor did it correlate with tumor diameter before (p = 0.545) or afterwards (p = 0.478). However, change in ADC as a result of NAC correlated inversely with change in Ki-67 index (r = −0.326, p = 0.002). The percentage change in Ki-67 index did not correlate with the percentage change in ADC (p = 0.404). Similarly, the change in Ki-67 index or percentage change in that index did not correlate with the change in tumor diameter (p = 0.075) or percentage change in tumor diameter (p = 0.233). Conclusion Comparison of pre- and post-NAC ADC can be used to estimate the change in Ki-67 index in patients with invasive breast cancer.

This study aimed to identify preoperative MR imaging features for predicting early recurrence after curative resection of solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without microvascular invasion (MVI).124 patients with MVI-negative HCC who underwent preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced 1.5-T MR imaging before surgical resection were included. Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS v2018) imaging features and three non-LI-RADS MR imaging features for predicting early recurrence (intrahepatic recurrence2 years) were identified by univariable and multivariable analyses. A nomogram was constructed for individualized risk estimation, and its predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were identified by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve.In multivariable analysis, tumor size (p = 0.045), nonsmooth tumor margin (p = 0.013), and presence of mosaic architecture (p = 0.035) were independent significant variables associated with early recurrence. These were all incorporated to establish the nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.743 (95 % CI: 0.697-0.788).At dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, tumor size, nonsmooth tumor margin, and presence of mosaic architecture may be helpful to predict early recurrence of solitary HCC without MVI after curative resection.