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The COVID-19 outbreak has influenced the entire health care system, including cardiac surgery. In this review, the authors reveal practical aspects that are important during the COVID-19 pandemic with regards to the safe delivery of cardiac anesthesia. Timing for operations of the cardio-vascular system may be well programmed, in most cases. Hence, the level of priorities must be defined for any single patient. The postponement of surgery may be convenient for most cases, if it is made in the best interest of the patient. The preanesthetic evaluation should keep attention to the respiratory history of the patient. Cardiac anesthesia is always implying some respiratory monitoring; hence the existing clinical situation of the patient’s respiratory system should be clear. In case of emergency surgery, the patient should be treated as if they potentially have or are at risk for the virus. In the case of a COVID-19 confirmed or suspected patient, attention must be made to preserve operating room and team integrity. The machineries are to be draped with plastic, in order to simplify the disinfection after the operation. Perioperative management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients must strictly follow the most relevant international guidelines. This review article has synthesized the common aspect present in the most important of these.

Introduction With the rise in complementary medicine usage, mind-body interventions (MBI), encompassing therapies like yoga and music therapy, have been gaining interest. The use of MBI in non-chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have demonstrated efficacy for ameliorating pain, stress and anxiety symptoms. As CKD patients often suffer from these symptoms, MBI may serve as potential adjunctive therapies. This review aimed to summarize the studied indications of MBI among CKD patients. Methods A systematic review was performed in Medline®, Embase®, Scopus®, CINAHL®, CENTRAL® and PsycInfo® in accordance to the PRISMA and SWiM checklists. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated the use of MBI among adult CKD patients were included. The efficacy of each MBI was determined by reduction in symptoms severity scores. All adverse reactions were documented. Results Of the 7,417 articles screened, 32 RCTs were included. Music therapy (n = 11), relaxation therapy (n = 9) and spiritual therapy (n = 6) were the most well studied MBIs. Frequently studied indications for MBIs were anxiety symptoms (n = 12), pain (n = 7) and depressive symptoms (n = 5). Music and spiritual therapies were shown to reduce 8.06–43.5 % and 36.1–41.1 % of anxiety symptoms respectively. For pain relief, music (41.8 %–61.5 %) and yoga therapies (36.7 %) were shown to be effective for reduction of pain. Lastly, spiritual therapy was shown to reduce depressive symptoms by 56.8 %. No adverse effects were reported for any MBI. Conclusion Music therapy, relaxation and spiritual therapies are more well-studied MBIs which were shown to reduce anxiety, depressive symptoms and pain in CKD patients. Larger RCTs are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of promising MBIs.