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Synthesizing photographic images from given text descriptions is a challenging problem. Although current methods first synthesize an initial blurred image, then refine the initial image to a high-quality one, the most existing methods are difficult to refine the initial image to an image corresponding to the text description. In this paper, the Multi-resolution Parallel Generative Adversarial Networks for Text-to-Image Synthesis (MRP-GAN) is proposed to generate photographic images. MRP-GAN introduces a Multi-resolution Parallel structure to refine the initial images when the initial images are not synthesized well. The low-resolution semantics are maintained through the whole process by Multi-resolution Parallel structure. Response Gate is designed to fully explore the capability of Multi-resolution Parallel structure by aggregating the outputs of the multi-resolution parallel subnetworks. We also utilize an attention mechanism, named Residual Attention Network, to fine-tune more fine-grained details of the generated images. We evaluate our MRP-GAN model on the CUB and MS-COCO datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of MRP-GAN. Besides, we apply a Multi-resolution Parallel structure in the existing method to verify its transferability.

Summary Background Additional studies comparing laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) with open gastrectomy (OG) have been published, and the meta-analysis of this subject should be improved. Methods Randomized controlled trials and high-quality retrospective studies, which compared LG and OG for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) treatment and were published in English and Chinese between January 2000 and February 2017, were selected through PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database by two reviewers independently. The Jadad Composite Scale and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale were used to evaluate the quality and risk of bias for all included studies. Operative outcomes, postoperative outcomes, postoperative morbidity, harvested lymph nodes and 5-year overall survival (OS) were considered as primary endpoints and were compared. Results Fifteen studies including a total of 9337 cases (5000 in LG and 4337 in OG) were enrolled. LG showed longer operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, and quicker recovery after operations. Based on the subgroup analysis of the sample size, however, there was no difference in operative time between LG and OG. The number of harvested lymph nodes, 5-year OS, and postoperative morbidity were similar. Conclusion LG can be performed as an alternative to OG for AGC, with quicker postoperative recovery and comparable safety and efficacy.

The asymmetric version of Pd(II)/bipyridine-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of arylboronic acids to N-sulfonyl arylaldimines was developed, and excellent asymmetric induction was achieved by the use of chiral pyridinooxazoline ligand (S)-t-BuPyOx. Moisture and oxygen-insensitive catalysis was realized under mild conditions, and 9 out of 16 examples gave 92–99% ee.

Objective Although refeeding syndrome has been well documented in starved patients, obese patients, those with anorexia nervosa, malnourished elderly individuals, and certain postoperative patients, little is known about the presence and the importance of refeeding syndrome in patients with gastrointestinal fistula and insufficient nutrition support over the long term. The objective of this study was to estimate the morbidity of this syndrome in these patients, to assess the safety and efficacy of our graduated refeeding regimen, and to emphasize the importance of this syndrome. Methods One hundred fifty-eight patients with gastrointestinal fistula during the past 2 y were reviewed. Results Fifteen of these patients were diagnosed as having refeeding syndrome. They were started on the refeeding procedure according to our regimen, and changes in their serum levels of electrolytes were recorded. The symptoms and signs they presented were noted. All patients were successfully advanced to full nutrition support. During the refeeding procedure, patients presented with weakness, paralysis of limbs, slight dyspnea, paresthesia, tachycardia, edema, and diarrhea. Serum phosphorus concentration decreased in all patients within 24 h of refeeding, reaching a mean nadir after 3.3 ± 1.5 d and another 6.1 ± 2.1 d to return to above 0.70 mM/L upon phosphorus supplementation. Three patients treated with growth hormone presented more severe hypophosphatemia ( Conclusions 1) Refeeding syndrome occurs commonly in patients with malnutrition secondary to gastrointestinal fistula. 2) Alterations in phosphate metabolism are central to the refeeding syndrome. 3) Supplementation with electrolytes (including especially phosphate) and vitamins is the focal point of the treatment of this syndrome. 4) Growth hormone treatment may aggravate hypophosphatemia.