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6 results on '"Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)"'

1. Microclimate estimation under different coffee-based agroforestry systems using full-sun weather data and shade tree characteristics

Author

Jacques Avelino, Isabelle Merle, Rogelio Villarreyna-Acuña, Christian Cilas, Fabienne Ribeyre, Olivier Roupsard, Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza - Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Direction Générale Déléguée à la Recherche et à la Stratégie (Cirad-Dgdrs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), 'Programa Centroamericano de Gestión Integral de la Roya del Café' (PROCAGICA) funded by the EU (DCI-ALA/2015/365-17)., and Ernesto Illy Foundation and CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Arbre d'ombrage, Microclimate, Coffea, Plant Science, Erythrina poeppigiana, 01 natural sciences, Cordia alliodora, santé des plantes, Leaf wetness, 2. Zero hunger, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Understory, Plant disease, Shade tree height, Microclimat, Soil Science, Light gap, Canopy openness, systèmes agroforestiers, Sunlight, Modélisation des cultures, Shade tree, Modeling, Daily extreme temperatures, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, Light gap distribution, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, H50 - Troubles divers des plantes, Daily coffee leaf wetness duration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; In Central America, coffee is mainly grown in agroforestry systems. This practice modifies the microclimate, which, in turn, influences coffee growth and development. However, modeling these microclimate modifications is a challenge when trying to predict the development of a disease in the understory crop, based on variables usually monitored in weather stations exposed to full sunlight. Furthermore, critical variables for plant disease development, such as leaf wetness duration and leaf temperatures, are generally not measured by weather stations. In our study, we sought to build models explaining daily minimum and maximum coffee leaf temperatures, daily coffee leaf wetness duration, and minimum and maximum air temperatures in agroforestry systems with a single shade tree species, which are common in Central America, and which were characterized by shade tree height, canopy openness and light gap distribution. The modeled variables were mainly explained by one or more meteorological variables provided by reference weather stations exposed to full sunlight. The presence of shade trees resulted in a buffer effect, reducing daily maximum air and leaf temperatures, and increasing daily minimum air and leaf temperatures. Moreover, except for the daily minimum air temperature under shade, shade tree characteristics affected these microclimatic variables. Indeed, the buffer effect on the daily maximum air temperature increased with shade trees 7 m tall or over, whereas for extreme leaf temperatures, this effect seemed to be further intensified by a dense and homogeneous canopy. The tallest shade trees also tended to provide conditions that reduced coffee leaf wetness duration. The coffee leaf stratum affected the daily maximum leaf temperature, with a top layer intercepting radiation for the lower strata, but had no effect on the daily minimum leaf temperature, detected at night. The models developed were simple equations allowing interpretation of shade tree height, the effects of canopy characteristics on the microclimate and were therefore useful for designing and managing agroforestry system. The more accurate models could be incorporated into an early warning system for coffee pests and diseases in the region.

Published
2022

2. Distribution, phylogeny, and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas albilineans causing sugarcane leaf scald in Mexico

Author

Apolonio Valdez-Balero, Philippe C. Rott, Camilo Hernández-Juárez, Greta Rosas-Saito, Alejandrina Robledo-Paz, Mónica Osnaya-González, Benjamín Cervantes-Romero, Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez, José Crossa, Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo (UACh), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Instituto de Ecologia (INECOL), Sectorial Fund SAGARPA-CONACYT (grant number 2013-02-230876), and Biotechnology and Seed Pathology laboratory of the Postgraduate College at Campus Montecillo, (external project PS 15-1063).

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Phylogénie, Veterinary medicine, Distribution géographique, Side shoot proliferation, Pouvoir pathogène, Histopathology, Xanthomonas albilineans, Biology, Pencil line, 01 natural sciences, Red spots, Saccharum, 03 medical and health sciences, Maladie des plantes, Vascular bundle occlusion, Phylogenetics, H20 - Maladies des plantes, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Inoculation, Outbreak, Histopathologie, biology.organism_classification, 16S ribosomal RNA, Pathogenicity, Phylogenetic reconstruction, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Scanning electron microscopy, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Disease outbreaks attributed to leaf scald of sugarcane caused by Xanthomonas albilineans were recently reported in southern Mexico. In this study, the distribution of leaf scald was investigated in the main sugarcane producing-states in Mexico. The disease was found in eight of 14 sugarcane-growing states and in 12 of 31 fields. In contaminated fields, incidence of leaf scald based on symptomatic plants ranged from 3 to 15%. The causal agent was identified by phylogenetic reconstruction using a single concatenated sequence of four genes (16S rRNA, fusA, leuS, and rpiA). Twelve X. albilineans isolates from different locations in Mexico produced disease symptoms after inoculation into stalks of susceptible variety Mex 69–290. Microscopic examination of infected stalks revealed structural changes within vascular and non-vascular tissues. These alterations reflected acute disease development and highlighted the importance of selecting varieties resistant to X. albilineans in breeding programs in Mexico.

Published
2021

3. Population dynamics of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) according to the phenology of Coffea arabica L. in equatorial conditions of North Sumatra

Author

Fabienne Ribeyre, I Wayan Kerana, Bernard Pierre Dufour, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ECOM Agroindustrial Corp. Ltd., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
Fructification, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Climate, Population, Context (language use), Berry, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Hypothenemus hampei, Dynamique des populations, Fruiting, education, 2. Zero hunger, Lutte antiravageur, education.field_of_study, Ravageur des plantes, Coffee tree, Phenology, Coffea arabica, Dispersal, 15. Life on land, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Coffee berry borer, 010602 entomology, Agronomy, Biological dispersal, PEST analysis, Phénologie, Agronomy and Crop Science, Toba highands, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; In the Toba Highlands of North Sumatra (Indonesia), coffee production (Coffea arabica L. var. Sigarar Utang) is an important outcome for smallholders; however, the attack of the coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei, is an obstacle for the development of coffee cultivation in this area. This pest causes great economic losses produced by the development of its offspring inside the coffee berries, making it difficult to control. This concerning situation has led us to consider the development of a CBB control strategy, but beforehand, it was necessary to acquire key information on the phenology of the coffee tree and its implication on the bioecology of the pest. Thus, two study designs were set up, one comprising six plots with two different age classes and the other corresponding to a single plot dedicated only to the study of short distance dispersal of CBB. Part of this study focused on the phenology of the coffee trees and showed that berry production mainly takes place in the upper parts of the trees and significantly decreases with tree age. Due to the equatorial climate, berries were practically always present. Berries were produced following two major flowering periods and some minor ones distributed over the year, and harvested at regular intervals. Berry distribution on the branches varied over time. Dynamics of infestations by CBB showed that ripe berries were more infested than unripe berries because they had been exposed longer to CBB attacks, that older trees were more exposed than younger trees and that infestation was evenly distributed along branches. In addition, internode pedestrian dispersal of CBBs was shown to occur, but considerably less frequently than airborne dispersal. In conclusion, it appears that in the agro-climatic context of the Toba region, the virtual year-round presence of berries - which fosters CBB infestations and CBB short-distance dispersal - is a constraint that must be taken into consideration for designing future pest management measures. To this end, it will be necessary in particular to evaluate the potential of trapping mainly used in tropical areas and to put into practice the sanitation harvesting applied in other countries.

Published
2021

4. Central American and Caribbean population history of the Pseudocercospora fijiensis fungus responsible for the latest worldwide pandemics on banana

Author

Nadia Lubin-Adjanoh, Catherine Abadie, Véronique Roussel, Jean Carlier, Yolande Chilin-Charles, Aude Gilabert, Stéphanie Robert, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), doctoral fellowship from CIRAD and the French Occitanie region, post-doctoral fellowship from Agropolis Fondation (grant number 1504-004-E-Space)., Interreg IV Caribbean Programme (grant number 31409-Cabare), Prefecture de Guadeloupe (grant number FCR 2010/38), European Regional Development Fund and the Conseil Regional de Guadeloupe through the MALIN project., ANR-07-BDIV-0003,EMERFUNDIS,Comprendre les émergences de maladies fongiques de plantes : vers une estimation des risques liés aux changements globaux(2007), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Musa (bananes), F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Gene flow, Génétique des populations, Pseudocercospora, Pseudocercospora fijiensis, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Emerging disease, Caribbean Region, Genetic structure, Maladie des raies noires, Martinique, Genotype, Population, Context (language use), Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Population history, Ascomycota, Genetics, Humans, Surveillance épidémiologique, education, Pandemics, Plant Diseases, H20 - Maladies des plantes, 030304 developmental biology, 030306 microbiology, Genetic Variation, Outbreak, Central America, Musa, Dispersal, Maladie fongique, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Biological dispersal, Fungal plant pathogen
Abstract

International audience; Among the emerging fungal diseases threatening food security, the Pseudocercospora fijiensis fungus causing black leaf streak disease of banana is one of the most marked examples of a recent worldwide pandemic on a major crop. We assessed how this pathogen spread throughout the latest invaded region, i.e. Central America and the Caribbean. We retraced its population history combining detailed monitoring information on disease outbreaks and population genetic analyses based on large-scale sampling of P. fijiensis isolates from 121 locations throughout the region. The results first suggested that sexual reproduction was not lost during the P. fijiensis expansion, even in the insular Caribbean context, and a high level of genotypic diversity was maintained in all the populations studied. The population genetic structure of P. fijiensis and historical data showed that two disease waves swept northward and southward in all banana-producing countries in the study area from an initial entry point in Honduras, probably mainly through gradual stepwise spore dispersal. Serial founder events accompanying the northern and southern waves led to the establishment of two different genetic groups. A different population structure was detected on the latest invaded islands (Martinique, Dominica and Guadeloupe), revealing multiple introductions and admixture events that may have been partly due to human activities. The results of this study highlight the need to step up surveillance to limit the spread of other known emerging diseases of banana spread mainly by humans, but also to curb gene flow between established pathogen populations which could increase their evolutionary potential.

Published
2021

5. The inequity of species names: The flora of New Caledonia as a case study

Author

Yohan Pillon, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Flora, Extinction, Binomial nomenclature, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Endangered species, 076, 082, Conservation, Matilda effect, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biodiversity hotspot, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Threatened species, NOUVELLE CALEDONIE, Perception, 14. Life underwater, Endemism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

International audience; Since Linnaeus popularized the system of binomial nomenclature to describe living organisms, it has been common practice to name species after people (eponyms). Trends in species naming were analyzed in the endemic flora of New Caledonia, a biodiversity hotspot in the South-West Pacific. It was found that eponyms were predominantly from France and other European countries, and to a lesser extent from neighboring countries in Oceania or North America. Today, just 7% of these eponyms were born in New Caledonia, and 6% were women. Most of the corresponding species were described in the past five decades. Although the evidence is still preliminary, the name of a species appears to have a significant impact on how people relate to it, and this may be especially important for threatened endemic species and the willingness of local populations to preserve them. Because newly described species are often rare and endangered, adopting a more balanced approach to species naming may help to secure their future, particularly given the current extinction crisis.

Published
2021

6. Benefits of dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia on Phaseolus vulgaris planted in a low-fertility tropical soil

Author

J. Trap, Adamson Tsoushima Ernest Razakatiana, M. Raherimandimby, H. Ramanankierana, Rondro Harinisainana Baohanta, C. Le Roux, Thierry Becquer, Robin Duponnois, Faculté des Sciences - Université d'Antananarivo, Université d'Antananarivo, Centre National de Recherche sur l'Environnement (CNRE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agropolis Fondation (France) under reference ID 321 1001-009 through the 'Investissements d’Avenir' programme, ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Rhizobia, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Native strains, Glomus, 2. Zero hunger, Dual inoculation, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Sol tropical, Horticulture, Rhizobium, Phaseolus, Inoculation des racines, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Acaulospora, Randomized block design, Low-fertility tropical soil, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Biology, Phaseolus vulgaris, 010603 evolutionary biology, Symbiosis, Fertilité du sol, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Arbuscular mycorrhiza [EN], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Inoculation, fungi, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract

International audience; The growth response of Phaseolus vulgaris to dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia was studied in a low-fertility tropical soil in Madagascar. Two isolates of AM fungi identified as Acaulospora sp. and Glomus sp., respectively, along with a cocktail of ten Rhizobium spp. strains were used to conduct a greenhouse experiment in a fully randomized block design with two factors. The Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings received one of the following inoculation treatments: no inoculation, separate inoculation with each of the three microbial symbionts (the two AM fungal isolates and the rhizobia), and co-inoculation with each of the two AM fungal isolates and the mix of rhizobium strains. The results showed an additive effect of co-infection by AM fungi and rhizobia on plant growth and on the total N content of the plants, along with a synergistic effect on the total P content, the number of nodules and the mycorrhizal rate of the plants. Dual symbiosis with native strains contributes to the success of legumes, especially in harsh environments and low-fertility tropical soils.

Published
2020

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