1. Ameliorating effects of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Chinese materia medica and active compounds on ischemia/reperfusion-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances and neuron damage
- Author
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Kai Sun, Jing-Yan Han, and Jing-Yu Fan
- Subjects
OGD, oxygen-glucose deprivation ,MPO, myeloperoxidase ,Brain blood barrier ,Review ,ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ,Traditional Chinese medicine ,JAM-1, junctional adhesion molecule-1 ,BNDF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,ZO-1, zonula occludens-1 ,Cognitive disabilities ,bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor ,ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase ,GSH, glutathione ,RANTES, regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted ,Asian country ,BMEC, brain microvascular endothelial cell ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,IL-8, interleukin-8 ,ICAM-1 ,I-κBα, Inhibitory κBα ,LDH, lactate dehydrogenase ,GRK2, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 ,GSSH, glutathione disulfide ,HE, hematoxylin and eosin ,Cav-1, caveolin-1 ,IL-10, interleukin-10 ,TTC, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride ,Hyperpermeability ,I/R, ischemia-reperfusion ,VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor ,cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate ,HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography ,COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2 ,JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase ,iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase ,TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance ,Cardiology ,Antioxidant ,CBF, cerebral blood flow ,TCM, traditional Chinese medicine ,Gly, glysine ,AIF, apoptosis inducing factor ,Perfusion ,AP-1, activator protein-1 ,PARP, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase ,Asp, aspartate ,medicine.medical_specialty ,AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid ,GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase ,IL-1β, interleukin-1β ,NGF, nerve growth factor ,rtPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ,Ischemia ,Materia medica ,Ischemia/reperfusion ,PMN, polymorphonuclear ,BBB, brain blood barrier ,8-OHdG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine ,ROS, reactive oxygen species ,SOD, superoxide dismutase ,Internal medicine ,VCAM-1, vascular adhesion molecule-1 ,medicine ,NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid ,NSC, neural stem cells ,MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion ,TNF-α, tissue necrosis factor-α ,MDA, malondialdehyde ,NO, nitric oxide ,Glu, glutamate ,business.industry ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1 ,Neuron ,NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ,NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-B ,medicine.disease ,Tuj-1, class III β-tublin ,hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ,Leukocyte adhesion ,TUNEL, terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling ,Immunology ,MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases ,DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl ,CAT, catalase ,business ,DHR, dihydrorhodamine 123 ,GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid ,MRI, magnetic resonance imaging ,MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase ,SFDA, state food and drug administration - Abstract
Ischemic stroke and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by thrombolytic therapy are conditions with high mortality and serious long-term physical and cognitive disabilities. They have a major impact on global public health. These disorders are associated with multiple insults to the cerebral microcirculation, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, leukocyte adhesion and infiltration, brain blood barrier (BBB) disruption, and capillary hypoperfusion, ultimately resulting in tissue edema, hemorrhage, brain injury and delayed neuron damage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries for treatment of a wide range of diseases. In China, the usage of compound TCM preparation to treat cerebrovascular diseases dates back to the Han Dynasty. Even thousands of years earlier, the medical formulary recorded many classical prescriptions for treating cerebral I/R-related diseases. This review summarizes current information and underlying mechanisms regarding the ameliorating effects of compound TCM preparation, Chinese materia medica, and active components on I/R-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances, brain injury and neuron damage., Graphical abstract TCM preparation, Chinese materia medica and their active compounds show potential to ameliorate I/R-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances, brain injury and neuron damage with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-excitoxicity and pro-neurogenesis as the major underlying mechanisms.
- Published
- 2015
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