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Resume En ORL, l’examen clinique et les gestes invasifs sur les voies respiratoires et leurs annexes exposent a la transmission directe du SARS-CoV-2 par inhalation ou projection oculaire de gouttelettes contaminees, ou indirecte manuportee ou par l’intermediaire d’objets ou de surfaces contaminees. L’estimation d’un R0 de la COVID-19 a environ 3 a justifie de reporter les rendez-vous des consultations presentielles non urgentes et de developper la tele-consultation afin de limiter les risques d’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 des patients ou des agents de sante et de participer au respect du confinement. L’autorite sanitaire a recommande de deprogrammer toute activite ORL chirurgicale ou medicale non urgente et sans prejudice de perte de chance pour les patients. Cette deprogrammation a eu pour objectif d’augmenter tres significativement la capacite de soins critiques, prioriser l’accueil de malades de patients COVID-19, prioriser l’affectation des personnels et la mise a disposition des materiels necessaires a leur fonctionnement, contribuer a la fluidite de l’aval des soins critiques au sein de leur etablissement. Il s’agissait egalement de ne pas exposer les malades concernes a un risque d’exposition infectieuse. Cet article propose des orientations concernant les indications et modalites de realisation de la chirurgie ORL et la gestion des reports d’intervention dans le contexte pandemique actuel. Il ne s’agit que de conseils de bonne pratique qui doivent naturellement etre modules dans chaque region en fonction de l’evolution de l’epidemie et des organisations preexistantes, et ce dans le cadre de concertations entre les equipes ORL, les unites operationnelles d’hygiene et toutes les autres specialites concernees.

In Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, clinical examination and invasive procedures on the respiratory tract and on airway-connected cavities, such as paranasal sinuses and the middle ear, expose people to direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation or ocular projection of contaminated droplets, and to indirect transmission by contact with contaminated hands, objects or surfaces. Estimating an R0 of COVID-19 at around 3 justified postponing non-urgent face-to-face consultations and expanding the use of teleconsultation in order to limit the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection of patients or health workers and comply with the lockdown. The health authority recommends cancellation of all medical or surgical activities, which are not urgent as long as this does not involve a loss of chance for the patient. The purpose of this cancellation is to significantly increase critical care capacity, prioritise the reception of patients with COVID-19, prioritise the allocation of staff and provision of the equipment necessary for their medical or surgical management, and contribute to the smooth running of downstream critical care within their establishment. Another goal is to reduce the risks of patient contamination within healthcare facilities. This document provides guidance on how to proceed with and adapt ENT surgery in the current pandemic context, as well as on the management of postponed operations. This best practice advice must of course be adapted in each region according to the development of the epidemic and pre-existing arrangements. Their local application can only be decided within the framework of collaboration between the ENT teams, the operational hygiene units and all the other specialties concerned.

We report the experimental investigation of bipolar resistive switching with “table with legs” shaped hysteresis switching loops in epitaxial perovskite GdBaCo2O5+δ/LaNiO3 bilayers deposited by pulsed laser deposition. The possibility of varying the resistivity of GdBaCo2O5+δ by changing its oxygen content allowed engineering this perovskite heterostructure with controlled interfaces creating two symmetric junctions. It has been proved that the resistance state of the device can be reproducibly varied by both continuous voltage sweeps and by electrical pulses. The symmetric devices show slightly non-symmetric resistance profiles, which can be explained by a valence change resistive switching model, and presented promising multilevel properties required for novel memories and neuromorphic computing., This work has been financed by the ANR funded project “MICROSWITCH” (ANR-14-ACHN-0012) and by the “FUN-TO-BE” CNRS-CSIC supported International Program for Scientific Cooperation (PICS, n°PICS07294). In addition, this work has been performed with the help of the “Plateforme Technologique Amont” de Grenoble, with the financial support of the “Nanosciences aux limites de la Nanoélectronique Fundation” and CNRS Renatech network and has benefited from the facilities and expertise of the OPE)N(RA characterization platform of FMNT (FR 2542, fmnt.fr) supported by CNRS, Grenoble INP and UGA.

Introduction et objectifs Le cancer broncho-pulmonaire demeure un probleme de sante publique. Le gold standard du traitement est la chirurgie pouvant etre remplacee et/ou associee a de la radiotherapie. La contrainte principale etant les effets deleteres de la radiotherapie sur le tissu sain environnant. L’utilisation de nouveaux agents radio-sensibilisants de haut numero atomique tels que le gadolinium (Z = 64) offre un nouveau potentiel therapeutique, afin d’augmenter l’efficacite de l’irradiation, tout en limitant la dose locale. Les nanoparticules AGuIX® a base de gadolinium sont de nouveaux composes theranostiques (ciblage tumoral versus action radio-sensibilisante) dont il est crucial d’evaluer leur toxicite, ainsi que leur comportement cellulaire in vitro et in vivo [1] , [2] . Materiels et methodes Nous avons utilise des modeles innovants de culture 3D normaux (MucilAirTM, Epithelix) et tumoraux (OncoCilAirTM, OncoTheis), representatifs de l’epithelium respiratoire humain [3] , [4] . Ces modeles cellulaires ont ete exposes aux nanoparticules AGuIX® par des depots liquides en surface apicale, afin d’imiter une aerosolisation dans les voies respiratoires, ce qui represente une strategie prometteuse pour cibler les tumeurs broncho-pulmonaires [5] . Nous avons utilise une methodologie multiparametrique (microscopie versus cytometrie et ICP/Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry) pour etudier leur bio-toxicite et internalisation. Resultats Les AGuIX® sont depourvues de toxicite et capables de cibler preferentiellement les cellules tumorales en l’absence d’un effet EPR (Enhanced Permeability Retention effect) decrit in vivo, et ceci sans une fonctionnalisation specifique de surface. Enfin, nous avons valide leur capacite radio-sensibilisante, lors d’une irradiation a 4 Gy dans le modele tumoral OncoCilAirTM. Conclusion Notre etude a permis de conforter le potentiel theranostique de ces nanoparticules AGuIX®. De plus, ces cultures humaines 3D MucilAirTM et OncoCilAirTM constituent des modeles in vitro de pointe permettant de s’affranchir eventuellement d’etudes in vivo ; et qui sont particulierement bien adaptes pour des investigations nano-toxicologiques et pre-cliniques en therapie ciblee.

Resume Introduction Le Comite des dispositifs medicaux steriles (CODIMS) de l’Assistance publique–Hopitaux de Paris (AP–HP) definit la liste des DM steriles (DMS) innovants et/ou couteux dont l’utilisation est preconisee dans les etablissements de l’AP–HP. Ce travail qualifie retrospectivement le niveau de preuve des etudes cliniques (EC) relatives aux dispositifs evalues par le CODIMS en 2012 et 2013 et leur correlation aux avis emis. Materiel et methode Les notes de synthese realisees en 2012 et 2013 des DM etudies ont ete analysees. Le niveau de preuve des EC constitutives de chacun des dossiers a ete qualifie en etudes de haut/faible niveau de preuve et correle aux avis emis. Resultats Soixante et un dossiers de DMS (72,1 % de DM implantables) ont ete evalues (225 EC). Les resultats montrent : 18 % de dossiers sans EC et seulement 28 % d’EC haut niveau de preuve (et 28,6 % pour DM les plus a risque). Le CODIMS a emis un avis defavorable pour 16 DMS : seulement 28 EC venaient etayer les dossiers de ces DMS, soit 1,75 etudes par dossier. Parmi ces 28 etudes, 6 etudes avaient un haut niveau de preuve. Discussion et conclusion Le nombre et le niveau de preuve des EC sont logiquement correles a l’admission ou non d’un DMS. La preuve de l’efficacite et de la securite des DMS les plus a risque s’etablit toujours en grande majorite sur la base d’EC de faible niveau de preuve, rendant ainsi difficile l’evaluation des DMS a l’hopital en vue de leur acquisition. Le developpement d’un outil multicriteres d’aide a la decision pourrait permettre d’ameliorer le processus de l’evaluation des DMS par le CODIMS.

Micro/nano porous manganese oxide MnO 2 electrodes for electrochemical energy storage were prepared by cathodic electrodeposition over stainless steel collectors using hydrogen bubbling as dynamic template. The morphology of the resulting film consisted of nanoporous MnO 2 crumpled nanosheets and homogeneously distributed micro-holes. The electrochemical studies revealed that the micro/nano porous MnO 2 electrodes displayed good pseudocapacitive response. The specific capacitance of the electrode was 305 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 in a potential window of 1 V, and the rate capability was 61% when the current density increased from 1 A g −1 to 10 A g −1 .

The paper presents the measured cumulative yields of 44 Ti for nat Cr, 56 Fe, nat Ni and 93 Nb samples irradiated by protons at the energy range 0.04–2.6 GeV. The obtained excitation functions are compared with calculations of the well-known codes: ISABEL, Bertini, INCL4.2+ABLA, INCL4.5+ABLA07, PHITS, CASCADE07 and CEM03.02. The predictive power of these codes regarding the studied nuclides is analyzed.

Arteriotomy is a critical step during end-to-side anastomosis procedures. However, it is challenging to carry out because of the concentric lamellar structure of blood vessels and the need for clean margins. We performed a review of the literature to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the available arteriotomy methods. The techniques were classified into (1) single-cut or slit arteriotomy (longitudinal and transverse) or (2) excision arteriotomy. The latter techniques can be performed from either outside-in (excision with straight microscissors, curved microscissors, Acland-Banis arteriotomy clamp, micro-arteriotomy scissors, or triangular cutting scissors, and vaporization with Excimer(®) laser) or inside-out (excision with punch/micropunch). Microsurgeons have multiple arteriotomy methods at their disposal. By being familiar with these methods, they can select the most appropriate one for the situation at hand.

The current paper investigates the effect of titanium substitution on the structure as well as the magnetic properties of La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Mn 1− x Ti x O 3 (0≤ x ≤0.5) polycrystalline powder. The samples studied crystallize in a distorted perovskite structures of tetragonal (space group I4/mcm ) symmetry with octahedral tilting scheme ( a 0 a 0 c − ), leading to the absence of octahedral tilting all along two perovskite main directions and to an out-of-phase along the third direction, or rhombohedral (space group R 3 ¯ c ) symmetry with octahedral tilting scheme ( a − a − a − ) yielding to out-of-phase along the three perovskite main directions. As the Ti content increases, a better matching of the (Mn/Ti)–O distances and (Mn/Ti)–O–(Mn/Ti) bond angle occurs. This phenomenon is created by an elongation of the (Mn/Ti)–O distance, as Mn 4+ is substituted by the larger ion Ti 4+ . In the whole compositional range, the symmetry-adapted to atomic displacements, responsible for the out-of-phase tilting of the (Mn/Ti)O 6 octahedra, stays active, anticipating tetragonal-to-rhombohedral phase transition. Taking in to account what has been explained above, measurements of magnetic properties show a decrease of magnetic ordering temperature when Ti content increases, which in turn leads to the diminution of the exchange interaction caused by reducing the FM coupling and the replacement of neighboring manganese Mn 3+ –O–Mn 4+ by Mn 3+ –O–Ti 4+ bonds. This phenomenon results in broadening of the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition range. Further changes in magnetic properties with the increase in Ti concentration are studied.

Critical behavior of Pr0.67Ba0.33Mn1−xFexO3 (x=0 and 0.05) perovskite-manganites is studied around their Curie temperatures (TC). Results reveal that the two samples undergo a second-order phase transition. The estimated critical exponents obtained for x=0 sample are close to the tricritical mean-field model (β=0.246±0.002, γ=1.030±0.018 and δ=5.069 at TC=201 K). Whereas for x=0.05 sample, these exponents are close to the mean-field model (β=0.501±0.026, γ=1.007±0.002 and δ=2.920 at TC=128 K). These critical exponents fulfill the Widom scaling relation δ=1+γ/β, implying the reliability of our values. Based on the critical exponents, the magnetization–field–temperature (M–H–T) data around TC collapses into two curves obeying the single scaling equation M ( H , e ) = | e | β f ± ( H / | e | β + γ ) with e=(T–TC)/TC is the reduced temperature.

We have investigated both temperature and magnetic field dependences of the resistivity of Nd0.67Ba0.33Mn0.98Fe0.02O3 perovskite. Electrical-resistivity measurement in the temperature range 5–230 K shows a metal – semiconductor transition at peak temperature, TMS, which shifts to higher temperature when the magnetic field increases. At a field of 7 T the sample presents a large magnetoresistance (MR) effect (∼97%). In 5–40 K temperature range the sample shows a minimum of resistivity, presumably due to the combined effect of weak localization, electron–electron and electron–phonon scattering. In 40–230 K temperature range the resistivity data were well fitted with the phenomenological percolation model, which is based on the phase segregation of ferromagnetic-metallic clusters and paramagnetic-semiconductor regions. The temperature and field dependences of resistivity data, ρ(T, H), allowed us to determine the magnetic entropy change, Δ S M , using the following equation Δ S M = − α ∫ 0 H ( ∂ L n ( ρ ) / ∂ T ) H d H , which relates the magnetic order to the transport behavior of our sample. Results show that the as obtained magnetic entropy change values are similar to those determined using data obtained from the investigation of temperature and magnetic field dependences of magnetization.

International audience; On the cusp of massive commercialization of nanotechnology-enhanced products and services, the physical and chemical analysis of nanoparticles in human specimens merits immediate attention from the research community as a prerequisite for a confident clinical interpretationof their occurrence in the human organism. In this review, we describe the caveats in current practices of extracting and isolating nanoparticles from clinical samples and show that they do not help truly define the clinical significance of any detected exogenous nano-sized objects. Finally, we suggest a systematic way of tackling these demanding scientific tasks. More specifically, a precise and true qualitative evaluation of nanoparticles in human biological samples still remains difficult to achieve because of various technical reasons. Such a procedure is more refined when the nature of the pollutants is known, like in the case of nano-sized wear debris originating from biomedical prostheses. Nevertheless, nearly all available analytical methods provide unknown quantitative accuracy and qualitative precision due to the challenging physical and chemical nature of nanoparticles. Without trustworthy information to detect and describe the nanoparticulate load of clinical samples, it is impossible to accurately assess its pathological impact on isolated cases or allow for relevant epidemiological surveys on large populations. Therefore, we suggest that the many and various specimens stored in hospitals be used for the refinement of methods of exhaustive quantitative and qualitative characterization of prominent nanoparticles in complex human milieu.

In this work, we reported the cathodic electrodeposition of manganese oxide films, from nitrate based electrolytes, for pseudocapacitors working in alkaline media. The correlation of the post–thermal treatment, the deposition potential, the electrolyte concentration and the applied charge on surface morphology and electrochemical response of the electrodeposited films were studied. Morphological characteristics and electrochemical response varied depending on the deposition parameter. Via the optimized deposition process, hierarchical nanoparticles/nanoflakes Mn 3 O 4 films were obtained, exhibiting a high specific capacitance value of 416 F g −1 at an applied current density of 1 A g −1 in 1 M NaOH electrolyte. The films exhibited specific capacitance retention of 64% when increasing the current density from 1 A g −1 to 10 A g −1 . The films showed the specific capacitance value 196 F g −1 after continuous charge–discharge at 1 A g −1 for 1000 cycles, thus pointing out the possibility of using cathodically deposited manganese oxide films as electrodes for pseudocapacitors.

We have investigated the effect of Fe doping on structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Nd0.67Ba0.33Mn1−xFexO3 (0≤x≤0.1) manganites prepared by solid state reaction method at 1673K. XRD analysis shows that doping Mn by Fe do not affect the crystal structure of samples due to the same ionic radii of Fe3+ and Mn3+ and hence do not influence physical properties of samples. Magnetization measurements show a ferromagnetic behavior for x=0 and 0.02 samples, whereas compounds with x≥0.05 present a magnetic glass state (cluster or spin glass). The magnetic entropy change was also studied through the examination of measured magnetic isotherms M(H, T) near TC. The maximum magnetic entropy change (|ΔSMmax|) and the relative cooling power (RCP) are respectively 3.91 and 2.97JKg−1K−1 and 265 and 242JKg−1 at a field change of 5T, for x=0 and 0.02 samples. These values are compared favorably with those of some others reported manganites, making our samples promising candidates for the magnetic refrigeration. The field dependence of the magnetic entropy change analysis shows a power law dependence, ΔSM(H)=a(μ0H)n, with n=0.59 and 0.64 respectively for x=0 and 0.02 samples at their respective transition temperatures.

In this work the transient liquid phase bonding process was successfully used to join seamless carbon steel tubes using an amorphous Fe–B–Si foil as interlayer. The tubes were aligned with their butted surfaces in contact with the interlayer and the entire assembly was heated by means of an induction furnace under a reducing atmosphere. The temperature was raised to the process temperature (≈1300 °C) and then held for 7 min. The joining process was performed under a pressure of 5 MPa. The joined tubes microstructures were characterized by direct observations – scanning electron microscopy – and diffraction techniques – electron backscatter diffraction. Chemical analysis was performed by electron probe microanalysis. The joint region (JR) presents only ferrite grains - in contrast with the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the base metal (BM), whose microstructures consist of ferrite and cementite. Si content at the JR was precisely determined by chemical profiling, showing higher concentrations of Si compared with the HAZ and BM. These results are in accordance with the fact that the cementite is unable to form in Si enriched zones. Also, ferrite grains at the JR present high-angle grain boundaries with respect to the grains of the HAZ. Tensile tests show that the joined tubes failed away from the bond, at the HAZ, and reached 96% of the ultimate tensile strength of the BM, in the as-bonded condition. Microindentation hardness profiles across the bonding zone are in agreement with the observed microstructures at the different zones of the bond region. Fil: Di Luozzo, Nicolás. Institut Politechnique de Grenoble; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería "Hilario Fernández Long". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería "Hilario Fernández Long"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingenieria. Departamento de Fisica. Laboratorio de Sólidos Amorfos; Argentina Fil: Doisneau, Béatrice. Institut Politechnique de Grenoble; Francia Fil: Boudard, Miguel Santiago. Institut Politechnique de Grenoble; Francia Fil: Fontana, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería "Hilario Fernández Long". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería "Hilario Fernández Long"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingenieria. Departamento de Fisica. Laboratorio de Sólidos Amorfos; Argentina Fil: Arcondo, Bibiana Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería "Hilario Fernández Long". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería "Hilario Fernández Long"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingenieria. Departamento de Fisica. Laboratorio de Sólidos Amorfos; Argentina

Resume Introduction Il n’existe pas de consensus dans la prise en charge des fractures de l’extremite proximale de l’humerus. L’objectif de cette evaluation observationnelle retrospective etait de comparer les resultats fonctionnels, radiographiques et les complications de l’osteosynthese par plaque a vis verrouillees par rapport a l’enclouage anterograde dans la prise en charge des fractures a 3 et 4 fragments de la classification de Neer sur os non osteoporotique au suivi minimal d’1 an. Patients et methode Soixante-sept fractures (dont 1 bilaterale) ont ete operees : 35 par plaque (1 perdu de vue, 1 deces) ; 32 par clou (2 perdus de vue) entre le 1 er janvier 2004 et le 31 decembre 2010. L’etude porte donc sur 33 plaques (21 fracture a 3 fragments, 12 a 4 fragments) et 30 clous (21 fractures a 3 fragments, 9 a 4 fragments). Le suivi fonctionnel effectue au dernier recul comprenait les scores d’Oxford, Constant, Constant relatif, le QuickDASH et le pourcentage d’incapacite. Le suivi radiographique comprenait une incidence de face et de profil de Lamy pratiquees dans les suites immediates, a 6 semaines, 3 mois, 1 an et au dernier recul. Resultats En comparant le groupe des plaques avec celui des clous, les scores moyens d’Oxford, Constant, Constant relatif, le QuickDASH et le pourcentage d’incapacite etaient respectivement a 23,8 vs 23,3 ; 59,7 vs 60,6 ; 73,5 vs 79,3 ; 20,9 vs 21,0 ; 22,6 vs 22,6. En analyse multivariee, il n’existait pas de difference statistiquement significative entre les deux groupes concernant l’etude des scores fonctionnels et de la qualite de la reduction (defaut de reduction au recul de face : 30,3 vs 36,7 % ; de profil : 3,2 vs 10,0 % ; du tubercule majeur : 9,1 vs 16,7 %). Le type de fracture a 4 fragments ( p p p > 0,05) influencaient negativement les scores fonctionnels. Les taux de complications observes etaient identiques a ceux decrit dans la litterature et ne differaient pas selon la technique utilisee ( p = 0,19) excepte 3 cas d’infection observes dans le groupe des plaques. Discussion L’osteosynthese des fractures a 3 et 4 fragments reste pour nous le traitement de choix des patients non osteoporotiques. Malgre l’absence de difference observee dans notre evaluation entre les deux techniques utilisees, l’osteosynthese par plaque nous semble une technique moins adaptee et plus agressive. Type d’etude Evaluation observationnelle retrospective. Niveau de preuve scientifique 4.

International audience; An irreversible phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline orthorhombic YMnO3 (o-YMO) phase takes place in Y-Mn-O films deposited by pulsed-injection metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on Si(100) substrate. This phase transformation was studied through ex-situ and in-situ thermal annealings and the corresponding structural changes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that it takes place at an almost constant temperature (similar to 700 degrees C) and in a short period of time (similar to min) and that the o-YMO phase thus obtained is stable at least up to 900 degrees C. We also demonstrate that the selective growth of amorphous, orthorhombic or hexagonal films is made possible by adapting the MOCVD temperature according to the temperature stability region of the different phases. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

International audience; Silicon carbide (SiC) an industrial-scale product manufactured through the Acheson process, is largely employed in various applications. Its toxicity has been poorly investigated. Our study aims at characterizing the physico-chemical features and the in vitro impact on biological activity of five manufactured SiC powders: two coarse powders (SiC C1/C2), two fine powders (SiC F1/F2) and a powder rich in iron impurities (SiC I). RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to the different SiC particles and the cellular responses were evaluated. Contrary to what happens with silica, no SiC cytotoxicity was observed but pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory responses of variable intensity were evidenced. Oxidative stress (H2O2 production) appeared related to SiC particle size, while iron level regulated pro-inflammatory response (TNFα production). To investigate the impact of surface reactivity on the biological responses, coarse SiC C1 and fine SiC F1 powders were submitted to different thermal treatments (650 to 1400°C) in order to alter the oxidation state of the particle surface. At 1400°C a decrease in TNFα production and an increase in HO., COO.- radicals production were observed in correlation with the formation of a surface layer of crystalline silica. Finally, a strong correlation was observed between surface oxidation state and in vitro toxicity.

Recent extensions of the Liege Intranuclear Cascade model, INCL, at energies below 100 MeV and for light-ion (up to oxygen) induced reactions are reported. Comparisons with relevant experimental data are shown. The model has been implemented into several high-energy transport codes allowing simulations in a wide domain of applications. Examples of simulations performed for spallation targets with the model implemented into MCNPX and in the domain of medical applications with GEANT4 are presented.

Introduction L’allergie alimentaire a la peche est frequente, par reaction croisee pollens-aliments ou comme allergie alimentaire primaire. Au Japon et dans la region de Marseille, la sensibilisation a Pru p 7 a ete proposee recemment comme marqueur de gravite de l’allergie a la peche. Nous avons etudie la distribution et les caracteristiques cliniques de la sensibilisation a Pru p 7 dans la moitie Sud de la France. Methodes Nous avons inclus 316 patients suspects d’allergie a la peche (198 allergies confirmees). Les dosages d’IgE ont ete effectues par methode ImmunoCAP. Les donnees polliniques ont ete obtenues a partir du RNSA. Resultats Parmi les resultats statistiquement significatifs concernant la sensibilisation a Pru p 7 : gradient Sud-Nord, association a 99 % (170/171) avec une sensibilisation au pollen de cypres, frequence plus elevee chez les patients allergiques que chez ceux tolerant la peche (62 vs 41 %), association avec les reactions systemiques (78 %) et correlation inverse avec les reactions de faible gravite, association avec la presence de cofacteurs, monosensibilisation apparente (absence d’IgE detectable vis-a-vis de Pru p 1, Pru p 3, Pru p 4) plus frequente chez les patients allergiques que chez les tolerants (54 % vs 17 %), titres d’IgE Pru p 7 plus eleves chez les patients allergiques que chez les tolerants (mediane 3,4 vs 0,3 kUA/L), correlation entre la gravite des reactions cliniques induites par la peche et la concentration d’IgE Pru p 7. Les tests d’inhibition des IgE entre Pru p 7 et le pollen de cypres suggerent une sensibilisation primaire au pollen de cypres. Conclusion Pru p 7, precedemment ignore en raison de l’absence d’outils biologiques, se revele etre un allergene majeur et severe de la peche. La physiopathologie de la sensibilisation a Pru p 7 en lien avec l’exposition aux pollens de Cupressacees reste a decrire. Compte tenu de la large distribution des pollens de Cupressacees dans le monde entier, Pru p 7 et ses homologues pourraient etre impliques dans des allergies potentiellement severes a de nombreux aliments d’origine vegetale.

The experiment was performed at the GSI facility in Darmstadt (Germany).; Around 270 medium-mass residual nuclei, formed in spallation reactions induced by 136Xe projectiles impinging on a liquid hydrogen target at 500 AMeV, have been unambiguously identified at GSI using the magnetic spectrometer FRS. The individual production cross sections and the longitudinal momentum distributions have been determined with high accuracy. These data represent an important constraint for theoretical models describing spallation reactions.

International audience; Different multifunctional (PbTiO3, Sm0.6Nd0.4NiO3, NdMnO3) thin films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that almost single crystalline thin films can be epitaxially grown on the top of substrates. The relationship between the crystallographic orientation of the films and those of the substrates were determined by reciprocal space mapping and TEM analyses. PbTiO3 thin films appear to be under tensile or compressive strain according to the different mismatch of their cell parameter with those of the substrate. Relaxation mechanism as a function of the film thickness arises from coexistence of different type of domains and size and strain effect are analyzed. SmNiO3 thin films present diffuse scattering strikes and are less well organized when compared to PbTiO3 thin films. Different domains are observed as well as an additional parasitic phase close to NiO. Its regular distribution can be associated to reduced transport properties. Preliminary observations on NdMnO3 thin films shows that an amorphous phase is obtained during MOCVD that can be transformed in a single crystalline film by annealing. The films are under tensile or compressive strain according to the different mismatch of their cell parameter with those of the substrate. Magnetic properties are investigated. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Awara (Astrocaryum vulgare M.) is a palm fruit mainly used in nutrition. We analysed the pulp oil for fatty acid, tocopherol, carotenoid, and phytosterol and we evaluated whether this oil may attenuate inflammation in vivo. In an endotoxic shock model, awara pulp oil treatment decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. In a pulmonary inflammation model, awara pulp oil treatment reduced eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers recovered into the broncho-alveolar lavages. These results suggest that awara pulp oil administration can efficiently counteract an acute and chronic inflammatory response in vivo that is probably mediated by fatty acids and minor compounds.

Introduction Malgre les bons resultats cliniques obtenus, l’apparition progressive d’une encoche au bord inferieur du pilier de l’omoplate reste un sujet d’inquietude pour la survie de l’implant glenoidien a long terme. Une implantation basse de la metaglene avec alignement de celle-ci sur le bord inferieur de la glene a ete suggeree. Kelly et al. ont montre sur 10 cadavres que la zone du meilleur stock osseux se trouvait a 12 mm du bord inferieur de la glene. L’objectif de ce travail biometrique etait d’evaluer en tomodensitometrie la profondeur du stock osseux glenoidien et de verifier cette zone des 12 mm. Materiel et methodes Deux cents scanners d’epaule consecutifs realises entre 2010 et 2011 de patients majeurs ne presentant pas de lesion post-traumatique, ni d’excentration gleno-humerale ont ete inclus de maniere retrospective dans notre etude. La population etudiee comprend 88 femmes et 112 hommes d’âge moyen 50 ans (31–68). Au total, 17,5 % des examens montraient des signes d’omarthrose et 28,5 % presentaient une rupture transfixiante de la coiffe des rotateurs. Tous les examens ont ete interpretes par le meme operateur en reconstruction multiplanaire sur la console de post-traitement PACS. Pour chacun des 200 scanners, il a ete recherche, en partant du milieu du bord inferieur de la glene, une zone ou la profondeur du stock osseux etait la plus importante. Resultats Sur les 200 scanners analyses, le point ou la profondeur du stock osseux glenoidien est la plus importante a ete mesure a 11,6 mm (9,1–14,1) du milieu du bord inferieur de la glene. Discussion La prevention de l’encoche du pilier inferieur de la glene passe par l’abaissement maximum de la metaglene. Cependant, meme si l’implant est abaisse, il est indispensable que la quille centrale soit implantee la ou le stock osseux est maximal afin d’eviter tout descellement. Dans la litterature une seule etude scannographique portant sur la mesure de dix glenes a ete recensee. Elle retrouve des resultats similaires aux notres avec un point de stock osseux glenoidien maximal situe a 12 mm du bord inferieur de la glene. Conclusion L’implantation du plot de la metaglene autour d’un point situe a 12 mm en partant du milieu du bord inferieur de la glene semble etre une zone fiable et reproductible pour le bon positionnement de la metaglene et donc de la glenosphere.

Introduction Les IgE contre les groupements glucidiques d’origine animale Gal-alpha-1,3-Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc (alpha-galactose, AG) sont associees a des anaphylaxies au cetuximab et a la viande. AG, absent chez l’homme, est reconnu par environ 1 % des anticorps dits « naturels » (IgG, IgM et IgA) et en constitue le contingent le plus abondant. Une commutation isotypique vers la production d’IgE a ete rapportee seulement en association avec des morsures de tiques. Compte tenu des liens entre les IgE AG et l’allergie a la viande d’une part, et entre allergie aux proteines de lait de vache (APLV) et allergie a la viande d’autre part, nous nous sommes interesses aux IgE AG dans une population pediatrique APLV. Methodes Les IgE AG et PLV ont ete quantifiees par ImmunoCAP (ThermoFisher) chez 50 enfants APLV dont 14 rapportaient aussi des reactions a la viande de boeuf. Resultats 25 enfants (50 %) presentaient des IgE AG, mais jamais avant 10 mois (n = 16). De 10 mois a 18 ans , la prevalence etait stable avec une moyenne de 74 % (60–82 %). En cas de positivite, le titre median d’IgE AG etait de 0,76 kUA/L (max 13 kUA/L) et les IgE AG representaient en moyenne 21 % du titre d’IgE LV. Chez les enfants avec reaction a la viande, les titres d’IgE AG et viande de boeuf etaient fortement correles (coefficient 0,97). Aucune autre correlation n’etait presente (LV, PLV incluant l’albumine et la lactoferrine, impliquees dans les reactions croisees lait–viande). Deux cas de suivi etaient disponibles : une fille de 2 ans montrant une accentuation de la sensibilisation IgE AG malgre une diminution de 50 % de la sensibilisation a la viande, un garcon de 5 ans restant negatif en IgE AG malgre l’apparition d’une sensibilisation a la viande. Discussion Nous rapportons une forte prevalence des IgE AG chez les enfants APLV, avec un debut de sensibilisation detectable a partir de 10 mois. Le titre d’IgE AG represente en moyenne 21 % du titre d’IgE PLV. Une tres forte correlation entre les titres d’IgE AG et viande de bœuf est observee, mais ces sensibilisations peuvent evoluer independamment. Conclusion Le mecanisme d’induction et l’eventuelle signification clinique des IgE AG chez l’enfant APLV restent a determiner.

Radiation hazard for space missions is mainly due to cosmic ray protons, helium nuclei and light ions, whose energy spectrum is maximum around 1 GeV per nucleon but remains non-negligible for energies up to 15 GeV per nucleon. Nuclear reactions induced by high energy protons are often described by intranuclear cascade plus evaporation models. The attention is focused here on the Liege Intranuclear Cascade model (INCL), which has been shown to reproduce fairly well a great deal of experimental data for nucleon-induced reactions in the 200 MeV to 2 GeV range, when coupled with the ABLA evaporation-fission code. In order to extend the model to other conditions relevant for space radiation, three improvements of INCL are under development. They are reported on here. First, the reaction model has been extended to nucleon–nucleus reactions at incident energies up to 15 GeV, mainly by the inclusion of additional pion production channels in nucleon–nucleon collisions during the cascade. Second, a coalescence mechanism for the emission of light charged particles has been implemented recently. Finally, the model has been modified in order to accommodate light ions as projectiles. First results are shown and compared with illustrative experimental data. Implications for issues concerning radiation protection in space are discussed.

The composition of the space radiation environment inside spacecrafts is modified by the interaction with shielding material, with equipment and even with the astronauts' bodies. Accurate quantitative estimates of the effects of nuclear reactions are necessary, for example, for dose estimation and prediction of single-event-upset rates. To this end, it is necessary to construct predictive models for nuclear reactions, which usually consist of an intranuclear-cascade or quantum-molecular-dynamics stage, followed by a nuclear-de-excitation stage. While it is generally acknowledged that it is necessary to accurately simulate the first reaction stage, transport-code users often neglect or underestimate the importance of the choice of the de-excitation code. The purpose of this work is to prove that the de-excitation model is in fact a non-negligible source of uncertainty for the prediction of several observables of crucial importance for space applications. For some particular observables, the systematic uncertainty due to the de-excitation model actually dominates the total uncertainty. Our point will be illustrated by making use of nucleon-nucleus calculations performed with several intranuclear-cascade/de-excitation models, such as the Li\`{e}ge Intranuclear Cascade model (INCL) and Isabel (for the cascade part) and ABLA07, Dresner, GEM, GEMINI++ and SMM (on the de-excitation side)., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Presented at the 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly (Bremen, Germany, 18-25 July 2010). Submitted to Advances in Space Research

Aim of the study Noni fruit ( Morinda citrifolia L.) juice has been used for more than 2000 years in Polynesia as a traditional folk medicine. The aim of the present study was to finely characterize noni juice from Costa Rica and to evaluate its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Materials and methods A microfiltrated noni juice was prepared with Costarican nonis. HPLC-DAD and Electro Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MS) were used to identify phenolic compounds and iridoids. The anti-oxidative activity of noni juice was measured in vitro by both Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging methods. The anti-inflammatory effects of noni juice were investigated in vitro by: measuring its effect on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production by activated macrophages, evaluating its inhibitory activities on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 and in vivo on a carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in rats. Results Several polyphenols belonging to the coumarin, flavonoid and phenolic acid groups, and two iridoids were identified. Noni juice demonstrated a mean range free radical scavenging capacity. Furthermore, it also reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema, directly inhibited cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 activities and inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins E 2 (PGE 2 ) in activated J774 cells, in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions This study showed that noni's biological effects include: (1) anti-oxidant properties probably associated with phenolic compounds, iridoids and ascorbic acid and (2) anti-inflammatory action through NO and PGE 2 pathways that might also be strengthened by anti-oxidant effects.

Introduction et but de l’etude L’epithelium intestinal, siege de l’absorption des (micro-) nutriments est aussi un tissu cle du systeme immunitaire digestif. Un desequilibre de l’homeostasie intestinale peut etre a l’origine d’une reaction inflammatoire associee a des defauts de la barriere intestinale et de la fonction immunitaire (augmentation de la permeabilite intestinale, malabsorption de nutriments). Des modeles in vitro d’inflammation intestinale sont alors necessaires pour etudier les mecanismes de l’interaction entre des constituants alimentaires et l’intestin en etat d’inflammation. L’objectif de ce travail est le developpement d’un modele d’inflammation intestinale associant 3 lignees cellulaires en co-culture : Caco-2/TC7 (enterocytes), HT29-MTX (cellules caliciformes) et THP-1 (macrophages). Ce travail montre les resultats preliminaires de la mise au point du modele in vitro d’inflammation intestinale. Materiel et methodes Les cellules intestinales (TC7 :HT29-MTX) sont co-cultivees (rapport 9 :1) sur une membrane poreuse dans des inserts permettant de definir deux compartiments separes ; le compartiment apical (TC7 : HT29-MTX) et le compartiment basal (THP-1). Apres differenciation (21j) des TC7 et des HT29-MTX respectivement en enterocytes et cellules caliciformes et des THP-1 en macrophages (48 h), l’inflammation est declenchee sur la tri-culture par un cocktail pro-inflammatoire (LPS [E. coli]-IFNγ). Apres 18 h de stimulation, differentes cytokines pro-inflammatoires (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) sont mesurees dans les differents compartiments comme marqueurs d’inflammation (dosage ELISA). D’autre part, la permeabilite membranaire est evaluee tout au long de la culture par mesure de la TEER et transport au rouge de phenol. Enfin, la presence d’une couche de mucus caracteristique de l’intestin in vivo, est evaluee par coloration. Resultats et analyse statistique (1) La stimulation par le melange LPS/IFNγ de la triculture entraine une forte production de cytokines pro-inflammatoires dans le compartiment basal. Par contre, la production est negligeable dans le compartiment apical ; (2) la co-culture en presence de THP1 dans le milieu basal entraine une augmentation importante de la permeabilite de la monocouche intestinale, caracteristique de l’inflammation ; (3) la presence de mucus sur la monocouche intestinale est mise en evidence par differents techniques de coloration. Conclusion Suite a de nombreuses mises au point, les conditions de co-culture et de stimulation d’inflammation presentees dans ce travail ont permis le developpement d’un modele in vitro d’inflammation intestinale, caracterise par une production de cytokines et une augmentation de la permeabilite membranaire. La presence de mucus permet aussi de se rapprocher des conditions physiologiques de l’intestin. Des experiences complementaires (marquage immunofluorescent des jonctions serrees et des mucines) permettront la validation finale du modele, la prochaine etape de ce travail consistera a etudier l’interaction de certains micro-constituants alimentaires avec un intestin en etat d’inflammation (effet anti-inflammatoire potentiel et modification eventuelle de l’absorption).