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1. Graduation Should Not Rhyme with Degradation

Author

Brambilla, Mattia, primary, Ambrosini, Roberto, additional, Babi Almenar, Javier, additional, Binelli, Andrea, additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Casagrandi, Renato, additional, Chesta, Riccardo, additional, Costanzo, Alessandra, additional, De Felice, Beatrice, additional, Della Torre, Camilla, additional, Ilahiane, Luca, additional, Magni, Stefano, additional, Mari, Lorenzo, additional, Melià, Paco, additional, Parolini, Marco, additional, Pini, Elena, additional, Romano, Andrea, additional, Ronchi, Silvia, additional, Rubolini, Diego, additional, and Tremolada, Paolo, additional

Published
2024
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3. How genomics can help biodiversity conservation

Author

Theissinger, Kathrin, primary, Fernandes, Carlos, additional, Formenti, Giulio, additional, Bista, Iliana, additional, Berg, Paul R., additional, Bleidorn, Christoph, additional, Bombarely, Aureliano, additional, Crottini, Angelica, additional, Gallo, Guido R., additional, Godoy, José A., additional, Jentoft, Sissel, additional, Malukiewicz, Joanna, additional, Mouton, Alice, additional, Oomen, Rebekah A., additional, Paez, Sadye, additional, Palsbøll, Per J., additional, Pampoulie, Christophe, additional, Ruiz-López, María J., additional, Secomandi, Simona, additional, Svardal, Hannes, additional, Theofanopoulou, Constantina, additional, de Vries, Jan, additional, Waldvogel, Ann-Marie, additional, Zhang, Guojie, additional, Jarvis, Erich D., additional, Bálint, Miklós, additional, Ciofi, Claudio, additional, Waterhouse, Robert M., additional, Mazzoni, Camila J., additional, Höglund, Jacob, additional, Aghayan, Sargis A., additional, Alioto, Tyler S., additional, Almudi, Isabel, additional, Alvarez, Nadir, additional, Alves, Paulo C., additional, Amorim do Rosario, Isabel R., additional, Antunes, Agostinho, additional, Arribas, Paula, additional, Baldrian, Petr, additional, Bertorelle, Giorgio, additional, Böhne, Astrid, additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Boštjančić, Ljudevit L., additional, Boussau, Bastien, additional, Breton, Catherine M., additional, Buzan, Elena, additional, Campos, Paula F., additional, Carreras, Carlos, additional, Castro, L. FIlipe C., additional, Chueca, Luis J., additional, Čiampor, Fedor, additional, Conti, Elena, additional, Cook-Deegan, Robert, additional, Croll, Daniel, additional, Cunha, Mónica V., additional, Delsuc, Frédéric, additional, Dennis, Alice B., additional, Dimitrov, Dimitar, additional, Faria, Rui, additional, Favre, Adrien, additional, Fedrigo, Olivier D., additional, Fernández, Rosa, additional, Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, additional, Flot, Jean-François, additional, Gabaldón, Toni, additional, Agius, Dolores R., additional, Giani, Alice M., additional, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., additional, Grebenc, Tine, additional, Guschanski, Katerina, additional, Guyot, Romain, additional, Hausdorf, Bernhard, additional, Hawlitschek, Oliver, additional, Heintzman, Peter D., additional, Heinze, Berthold, additional, Hiller, Michael, additional, Husemann, Martin, additional, Iannucci, Alessio, additional, Irisarri, Iker, additional, Jakobsen, Kjetill S., additional, Klinga, Peter, additional, Kloch, Agnieszka, additional, Kratochwil, Claudius F., additional, Kusche, Henrik, additional, Layton, Kara K.S., additional, Leonard, Jennifer A., additional, Lerat, Emmanuelle, additional, Liti, Gianni, additional, Manousaki, Tereza, additional, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, additional, Matos-Maraví, Pável, additional, Matschiner, Michael, additional, Maumus, Florian, additional, Mc Cartney, Ann M., additional, Meiri, Shai, additional, Melo-Ferreira, José, additional, Mengual, Ximo, additional, Monaghan, Michael T., additional, Montagna, Matteo, additional, Mysłajek, Robert W., additional, Neiber, Marco T., additional, Nicolas, Violaine, additional, Novo, Marta, additional, Ozretić, Petar, additional, Palero, Ferran, additional, Pârvulescu, Lucian, additional, Pascual, Marta, additional, Paulo, Octávio S., additional, Pavlek, Martina, additional, Pegueroles, Cinta, additional, Pellissier, Loïc, additional, Pesole, Graziano, additional, Primmer, Craig R., additional, Riesgo, Ana, additional, Rüber, Lukas, additional, Rubolini, Diego, additional, Salvi, Daniele, additional, Seehausen, Ole, additional, Seidel, Matthias, additional, Studer, Bruno, additional, Theodoridis, Spyros, additional, Thines, Marco, additional, Urban, Lara, additional, Vasemägi, Anti, additional, Vella, Adriana, additional, Vella, Noel, additional, Vernes, Sonja C., additional, Vernesi, Cristiano, additional, Vieites, David R., additional, Wheat, Christopher W., additional, Wörheide, Gert, additional, Wurm, Yannick, additional, and Zammit, Gabrielle, additional

Published
2023
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4. A chromosome-level reference genome and pangenome for barn swallow population genomics

Author

Secomandi, Simona, primary, Gallo, Guido R., additional, Sozzoni, Marcella, additional, Iannucci, Alessio, additional, Galati, Elena, additional, Abueg, Linelle, additional, Balacco, Jennifer, additional, Caprioli, Manuela, additional, Chow, William, additional, Ciofi, Claudio, additional, Collins, Joanna, additional, Fedrigo, Olivier, additional, Ferretti, Luca, additional, Fungtammasan, Arkarachai, additional, Haase, Bettina, additional, Howe, Kerstin, additional, Kwak, Woori, additional, Lombardo, Gianluca, additional, Masterson, Patrick, additional, Messina, Graziella, additional, Møller, Anders P., additional, Mountcastle, Jacquelyn, additional, Mousseau, Timothy A., additional, Ferrer Obiol, Joan, additional, Olivieri, Anna, additional, Rhie, Arang, additional, Rubolini, Diego, additional, Saclier, Marielle, additional, Stanyon, Roscoe, additional, Stucki, David, additional, Thibaud-Nissen, Françoise, additional, Torrance, James, additional, Torroni, Antonio, additional, Weber, Kristina, additional, Ambrosini, Roberto, additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Jarvis, Erich D., additional, Gianfranceschi, Luca, additional, and Formenti, Giulio, additional

Published
2023
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5. The era of reference genomes in conservation genomics

Author

Formenti, Giulio, primary, Theissinger, Kathrin, additional, Fernandes, Carlos, additional, Bista, Iliana, additional, Bombarely, Aureliano, additional, Bleidorn, Christoph, additional, Ciofi, Claudio, additional, Crottini, Angelica, additional, Godoy, José A., additional, Höglund, Jacob, additional, Malukiewicz, Joanna, additional, Mouton, Alice, additional, Oomen, Rebekah A., additional, Paez, Sadye, additional, Palsbøll, Per J., additional, Pampoulie, Christophe, additional, Ruiz-López, María J., additional, Svardal, Hannes, additional, Theofanopoulou, Constantina, additional, de Vries, Jan, additional, Waldvogel, Ann-Marie, additional, Zhang, Guojie, additional, Mazzoni, Camila J., additional, Jarvis, Erich D., additional, Bálint, Miklós, additional, Formenti, Giulio, additional, Čiampor, Fedor, additional, Hoglund, Jacob, additional, Palsbøll, Per, additional, Ruiz-López, María José, additional, Zhang, Goujie, additional, Jarvis, Erich, additional, Aghayan, Sargis A., additional, Alioto, Tyler S., additional, Almudi, Isabel, additional, Alvarez, Nadir, additional, Alves, Paulo C., additional, Amorim, Isabel R., additional, Antunes, Agostinho, additional, Arribas, Paula, additional, Baldrian, Petr, additional, Berg, Paul R., additional, Bertorelle, Giorgio, additional, Böhne, Astrid, additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Boštjančić, Ljudevit L., additional, Boussau, Bastien, additional, Breton, Catherine M., additional, Buzan, Elena, additional, Campos, Paula F., additional, Carreras, Carlos, additional, Castro, L. FIlipe, additional, Chueca, Luis J., additional, Conti, Elena, additional, Cook-Deegan, Robert, additional, Croll, Daniel, additional, Cunha, Mónica V., additional, Delsuc, Frédéric, additional, Dennis, Alice B., additional, Dimitrov, Dimitar, additional, Faria, Rui, additional, Favre, Adrien, additional, Fedrigo, Olivier D., additional, Fernández, Rosa, additional, Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, additional, Flot, Jean-François, additional, Gabaldón, Toni, additional, Galea Agius, Dolores R., additional, Gallo, Guido R., additional, Giani, Alice M., additional, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., additional, Grebenc, Tine, additional, Guschanski, Katerina, additional, Guyot, Romain, additional, Hausdorf, Bernhard, additional, Hawlitschek, Oliver, additional, Heintzman, Peter D., additional, Heinze, Berthold, additional, Hiller, Michael, additional, Husemann, Martin, additional, Iannucci, Alessio, additional, Irisarri, Iker, additional, Jakobsen, Kjetill S., additional, Jentoft, Sissel, additional, Klinga, Peter, additional, Kloch, Agnieszka, additional, Kratochwil, Claudius F., additional, Kusche, Henrik, additional, Layton, Kara K.S., additional, Leonard, Jennifer A., additional, Lerat, Emmanuelle, additional, Liti, Gianni, additional, Manousaki, Tereza, additional, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, additional, Matos-Maraví, Pável, additional, Matschiner, Michael, additional, Maumus, Florian, additional, Mc Cartney, Ann M., additional, Meiri, Shai, additional, Melo-Ferreira, José, additional, Mengual, Ximo, additional, Monaghan, Michael T., additional, Montagna, Matteo, additional, Mysłajek, Robert W., additional, Neiber, Marco T., additional, Nicolas, Violaine, additional, Novo, Marta, additional, Ozretić, Petar, additional, Palero, Ferran, additional, Pârvulescu, Lucian, additional, Pascual, Marta, additional, Paulo, Octávio S., additional, Pavlek, Martina, additional, Pegueroles, Cinta, additional, Pellissier, Loïc, additional, Pesole, Graziano, additional, Primmer, Craig R., additional, Riesgo, Ana, additional, Rüber, Lukas, additional, Rubolini, Diego, additional, Salvi, Daniele, additional, Seehausen, Ole, additional, Seidel, Matthias, additional, Secomandi, Simona, additional, Studer, Bruno, additional, Theodoridis, Spyros, additional, Thines, Marco, additional, Urban, Lara, additional, Vasemägi, Anti, additional, Vella, Adriana, additional, Vella, Noel, additional, Vernes, Sonja C., additional, Vernesi, Cristiano, additional, Vieites, David R., additional, Waterhouse, Robert M., additional, Wheat, Christopher W., additional, Wörheide, Gert, additional, Wurm, Yannick, additional, and Zammit, Gabrielle, additional

Published
2022
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6. Integration of ecosystem science into radioecology: A consensus perspective

Author

Rhodes, Olin E., primary, Bréchignac, Francois, additional, Bradshaw, Clare, additional, Hinton, Thomas G., additional, Mothersill, Carmel, additional, Arnone, John A., additional, Aubrey, Doug P., additional, Barnthouse, Lawrence W., additional, Beasley, James C., additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Boring, Lindsay R., additional, Bryan, Albert L., additional, Capps, Krista A., additional, Clément, Bernard, additional, Coleman, Austin, additional, Condon, Caitlin, additional, Coutelot, Fanny, additional, DeVol, Timothy, additional, Dharmarajan, Guha, additional, Fletcher, Dean, additional, Flynn, Wes, additional, Gladfelder, Garth, additional, Glenn, Travis C., additional, Hendricks, Susan, additional, Ishida, Ken, additional, Jannik, Tim, additional, Kapustka, Larry, additional, Kautsky, Ulrik, additional, Kennamer, Robert, additional, Kuhne, Wendy, additional, Lance, Stacey, additional, Laptyev, Gennadiy, additional, Love, Cara, additional, Manglass, Lisa, additional, Martinez, Nicole, additional, Mathews, Teresa, additional, McKee, Arthur, additional, McShea, William, additional, Mihok, Steve, additional, Mills, Gary, additional, Parrott, Ben, additional, Powell, Brian, additional, Pryakhin, Evgeny, additional, Rypstra, Ann, additional, Scott, David, additional, Seaman, John, additional, Seymour, Colin, additional, Shkvyria, Maryna, additional, Ward, Amelia, additional, White, David, additional, Wood, Michael D., additional, and Zimmerman, Jess K., additional

Published
2020
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8. Transcriptome analysis indicates a broad range of toxic effects of Deepwater Horizon oil on Seaside Sparrows

Author

W. Xu, Philip C. Stouffer, Sabrina S. Taylor, and Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Carbohydrate metabolism, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Energy homeostasis, Transcriptome, Lipid biosynthesis, Detoxification, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Petroleum Pollution, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Gulf of Mexico, Gene Expression Profiling, Metabolism, Pollution, Liver regeneration, Metabolic pathway, Petroleum, Biochemistry, Sparrows, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

In marine species, the transcriptomic response to Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil implicated many biochemical pathways, with corresponding adverse outcomes on organ development and physiological performance. Terrestrial organisms differ in their mechanisms of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their physiological challenges, and may reveal either distinct effects of oil on biochemical pathways or the generality of the responses to oil shown in marine species. Using a cross-species hybridization microarray approach, we investigated the transcriptomic response in the liver of Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima) exposed to DWH oil compared with birds from a control site. Our analysis identified 295 genes differentially expressed between birds exposed to oil and controls. Gene ontology (GO) and canonical pathway analysis suggested that the identified genes were involved in a coordinated response that promoted hepatocellular proliferation and liver regeneration while inhibiting apoptosis, necrosis, and liver steatosis. Exposure to oil also altered the expression of genes regulating energy homeostasis, including carbohydrate metabolism and gluconeogenesis, and the biosynthesis, transport and metabolism of lipids. These results provide a molecular mechanism for the long-standing observation of hepatic hypertrophy and altered lipid biosynthesis and transport in birds exposed to crude oil. Several of the activated pathways and pathological outcomes shown here overlap with the ones altered in fish species upon exposure to oil. Overall, our study shows that the path of oil contamination from the marine system into salt marshes can lead to similar responses in terrestrial birds to those described in marine organisms, suggesting similar adverse outcomes and shared machinery for detoxification.

Published
2020
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9. Effects of egg testosterone on female mate choice and male sexual behavior in the pheasant

Author

Angelo Matteo, Diego Rubolini, Mariella Baratti, Francesco Dessì-Fulgheri, Roberto Ambrosini, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Manuela Caprioli, Maria Romano, Nicola Saino, Bonisoli Alquati, A, Matteo, A, Ambrosini, R, Rubolini, D, Romano, M, Caprioli, M, Dessì Fulgheri, F, Baratti, M, and Saino, N

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Maternal effects, Offspring, Captivity, Physiology, Hierarchy, Social, Biology, Statistics, Nonparametric, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Behavioral Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Dominance hierarchy, Internal medicine, Copulation, medicine, Agonistic behaviour, Animals, Testosterone, Galliformes, Ovum, Albumen, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Testosterone, Albumen, Dominance hierarchy, Maternal effects, Ring-necked pheasants, Secondary sexual traits, Sexual selection, Maternal effect, Testosterone (patch), Mating Preference, Animal, Ring-necked pheasants, Mate choice, Sexual selection, Female, BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, BIO/05 - ZOOLOGIA
Abstract

Evidence is accumulating that sex steroids in the eggs, besides affecting progeny phenotype and behavior in the short term, also have enduring effects until adulthood, when they may translate into differences in reproductive strategies and success. Maternal steroids transfer may therefore affect both agonistic behavior and mate choice decisions, either through the promotion of body size and condition or through a priming effect on the neuroendocrine system. However, owing to the prevalence of a short-term perspective, relevance of maternal transfer of sex steroids to sexual selection processes has been seldom studied. Here we investigate the effects of an experimental increase in egg testosterone on male dominance and copulation success in the ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus, a polygynous galliform with multiple male ornamental traits, in captivity. We found that females from testosterone (T) injected eggs copulated less than control females. Males from T-injected eggs obtained more copulations than control males, specifically with control females. The effect of male 'ordinary' and secondary sexual traits on either dominance or copulation frequency did not depend on early exposure to T, nor did T treatment affect male dominance. Present results demonstrate that variation in the early hormonal environment set up by mothers affects sexual behavior of the offspring, which might translate into fitness differences.

Published
2011
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10. The use of fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of environmentally induced developmental instability: A meta-analysis

Author

DeAnna E. Beasley, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, and Timothy A. Mousseau

Subjects
Ecology, Environmental stressor, Stressor, Confounding, General Decision Sciences, Biology, Fluctuating asymmetry, Evolutionary biology, Meta-analysis, Trait, Biomarker (medicine), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Organism
Abstract

Random and subtle deviations from bilateral symmetry (fluctuating asymmetry) have long been of interest to biologists who wish to study the susceptibility of organisms to changes in environmental quality. However, the reliability of FA as a biomarker has come under question due to inconsistent results in the literature. We conducted a meta-analysis of published literature to test the hypothesis that FA is a reliable biomarker of environmental stress in insects and identify possible sources of variation amongst studies. We expected studies to detect larger, positive magnitudes of effect on FA in lab populations due to the lack of confounding effects from other environmental factors compared to wild populations. Additionally, we predicted that studies that used geometric morphometric approaches to FA in shape and size would be more sensitive to changes in environmental quality compared to linear and meristic measures and thus show larger effects on FA. We also expected anthropogenic stressors to generate significantly larger effects on FA compared to naturally occurring stressors due to the organisms’ inability to buffer developmental pathways against a novel stressor. Finally, we predicted comparatively larger magnitudes of effect in studies that verified the environmental factor acting on the organism was a stressor by detecting negative effects on fitness-related traits. Overall, we found that FA is a sensitive biomarker of environmental stress. Environmental stressors explained 36% of the variation of effect on FA across studies. Studies that demonstrated a negative effect of the stressor on fitness-related traits showed significantly larger, positive magnitudes of effect on FA compared to studies that did not detect an effect from the environmental stressor. Additionally, studies conducted under laboratory conditions detected significantly larger, effects on FA compared to field-based studies. The kind of trait measured and the novelty of the stressor did not significantly account for differences amongst studies. Thus, the use of FA as a biomarker of environmental stress is a legitimate tool particularly when studies verify the biological relevance of stressors for the study organism.

Published
2013
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11. The effects of radiation on sperm swimming behavior depend on plasma oxidative status in the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica)

Author

Nicola Saino, Manuela Caprioli, S. Ostermiller, Anders Pape Møller, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Timothy A. Mousseau, and Geir Rudolfsen

Subjects
Male, endocrine system, Physiology, DNA damage, Population, Motility, Biology, Radiation Dosage, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Andrology, Botany, medicine, Animals, Passeriformes, education, Molecular Biology, Sperm motility, chemistry.chemical_classification, Principal Component Analysis, Reactive oxygen species, education.field_of_study, urogenital system, Environmental Exposure, Environmental exposure, Sperm, Oxidative Stress, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, chemistry, Gamma Rays, Sperm Motility, Reactive Oxygen Species, Ukraine, Oxidative stress, DNA Damage
Abstract

Sperm are highly susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage sperm DNA and structure, resulting in reduced fertilizing capacity. Exposure to radioactive contamination can also impair sperm swimming behavior and fertilizing ability, both through a reduction of sperm DNA integrity and via an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the relationship between individual oxidative status and sperm swimming behavior has never been investigated in any wild population of animals exposed to radioactive contamination. We studied the motility of sperm collected from barn swallows, Hirundo rustica, breeding under different levels of radioactive contamination following the Chernobyl accident in 1986, in relation to individual oxidative status. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of impairment of sperm swimming behavior by radioactive contamination depended on plasma antioxidant capacity, the level of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and oxidative stress (sensu Costantini et al. 2006), a better oxidative status being associated with higher sperm motility. Sperm behavior parameters were subjected to principal component (PC) analysis, which extracted four PCs explaining 86% of the variance in sperm motility. PC2, representing sperm with high track velocity and ample lateral head displacement, was significantly predicted by the interaction between radiation level and either oxidative damage or oxidative stress. Contrary to our predictions, the highest values of PC2 were associated with relatively high radiation levels, particularly for high levels of either ROMs or oxidative stress. In addition, there was a tendency for values of PC3 (representing the percent of motile sperm) and PC4 (representing slow sperm with high beat cross frequency) to depend on the interaction between radiation level and total plasma antioxidant protection. Our results confirm the importance of oxidative status in determining the genetic and physiological outcome of exposure to radioactive contamination, complementing previous studies relating sperm abnormality to circulating levels of specific antioxidants. Our results also complement previous evidence that oxidative damage of sperm was negatively related to sperm motility, thus indicating a possible trade-off in quenching pro-oxidant compounds in the plasma and the seminal fluid.

Published
2011
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12. Increased oxidative stress in barn swallows from the Chernobyl region

Author

Timothy A. Mousseau, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Anders Pape Møller, Nicola Saino, and Manuela Caprioli

Subjects
Male, Republic of Belarus, Physiology, chemistry.chemical_element, Oxidative phosphorylation, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Oxygen, Antioxidants, Ionizing radiation, Radiation Monitoring, Radiation, Ionizing, Radioactive contamination, medicine, Animals, Food science, Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, Radionuclide, Geography, Radiochemistry, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Hydrogen Peroxide, Oxidative Stress, chemistry, Swallows, Female, Ukraine, Oxidative stress
Abstract

The Chernobyl nuclear accident produced the largest unintended release of radionuclides in history, with dramatic consequences for humans and other organisms. Exposure to ionizing radiation is known to reduce circulating and stored levels of specific antioxidants in birds and humans, thus potentially increasing oxidative stress. However, overall effects of radioactive exposure on oxidative status have never been investigated in any free ranging vertebrate. We measured plasma antioxidant capacity and concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites in adult barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) from colonies with variable background radiation levels in the Chernobyl region in Ukraine and Belarus. We predicted that antioxidants would decrease while reactive oxygen metabolites would increase with exposure to increasing levels of radiation at the breeding sites. Consistent with this expectation, radiation level positively predicted plasma concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites, whereas no significant covariation was found with non-enzymatic plasma antioxidant capacity. An index of oxidative stress was also larger in barn swallows exposed to high contamination levels. Thus, radioactive contamination appeared to be responsible for the increased generation of reactive oxygen metabolites and the imbalance between reactive oxygen metabolites and non-enzymatic plasma antioxidant capacity.

Published
2010
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13. Experimental manipulation of yolk testosterone affects digit length ratios in the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)

Author

Nicola Saino, Roberta Martinelli, Diego Rubolini, Andrea Bonisoli Alquati, and Maria Romano

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sex Differentiation, food.ingredient, Offspring, medicine.drug_class, Pheasant, Behavioral Neuroscience, Endocrinology, food, Internal medicine, biology.animal, Yolk, medicine, Animals, Testosterone, Galliformes, Hox gene, Sex Characteristics, biology, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Toes, biology.organism_classification, Androgen, Egg Yolk, Sexual dimorphism, Body Constitution, Female, Phasianus
Abstract

In humans, most of the mammals and one bird species studied so far, the relative length of individual digits is sexually dimorphic. Most studies of humans have been concerned with the ratio between second (2D) and fourth digits (4D), whereas some studies of humans and other mammals have also investigated other digit ratios. Inter- and intra-sexual variation in 2D:4D may depend on differential exposure to androgens during embryonic life, and the genetic mechanisms linking 2D:4D to androgens may be mediated by Hox genes. Because Hox genes are conserved in vertebrates, similar patterns of variation in digit ratios might be expected across vertebrate classes. The observation of correlations between digit ratios and physiological, psychological and performance traits in humans has generated interest in exploring the possibility that digit ratios are a marker of embryonic exposure to androgens, which have diverse consequences on several phenotypic traits. However, the hypothesis that digit ratios depend on androgen effects during development has never been tested experimentally. In this study, we increased testosterone concentration in ring-necked pheasant eggs and measured length ratios between the second, third and fourth digits of both feet in fully grown offspring. Females from testosterone-injected eggs had larger 2D:3D in the left foot, whereas this was not the case in males. The other digit ratios were unaffected by hormone treatment in both sexes. However, digit ratios showed no sexual dimorphism among controls. Thus, present results are consistent with the hypothesis that variation in testosterone levels during development affects digit ratios.

Published
2005
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14. Addressing ecological effects of radiation on populations and ecosystems to improve protection of the environment against radiation: Agreed statements from a Consensus Symposium

Author

Bréchignac, François, primary, Oughton, Deborah, additional, Mays, Claire, additional, Barnthouse, Lawrence, additional, Beasley, James C., additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Bradshaw, Clare, additional, Brown, Justin, additional, Dray, Stéphane, additional, Geras'kin, Stanislav, additional, Glenn, Travis, additional, Higley, Kathy, additional, Ishida, Ken, additional, Kapustka, Lawrence, additional, Kautsky, Ulrik, additional, Kuhne, Wendy, additional, Lynch, Michael, additional, Mappes, Tapio, additional, Mihok, Steve, additional, Møller, Anders P., additional, Mothersill, Carmel, additional, Mousseau, Timothy A., additional, Otaki, Joji M., additional, Pryakhin, Evgeny, additional, Rhodes, Olin E., additional, Salbu, Brit, additional, Strand, Per, additional, and Tsukada, Hirofumi, additional

Published
2016
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