Search

We proposed a modified and improved approach to removing the interference of moisture from an IR spectrum and the corresponding second derivative spectrum. The temperature fluctuation in the air of the optical path and baseline-drift lead to the small but persistent presence of the interference of moisture. The problem has been successfully addressed by adopting a double-matching strategy. Additionally, two-dimensional correlationspectra (2D-COS) are generated using the second derivative or third derivative spectrum of the negative base 10 logarithms of the single-beam spectra, thereby removing the linear slope or quadratic portion of baseline-drift. Using the newly adopted approach, the residual interferences of moisture are attenuated. We applied the new approach to the IR spectra and the second derivative spectra of neat hexadecanol and biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, and some promising preliminary results are obtained. In hexadecanol, two highly overlapping peaks at 1464 and 1463 cm

The interaction between berberine chloride and β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD) is investigated via 2D asynchronous UV-Vis spectrum. The occurrence of cross peaks around (420nm, 420nm) in 2D asynchronous spectrum reveals that specific intermolecular interaction indeed exists between berberine chloride and β-CyD. In spite of the difficulty caused by overlapping of cross peaks, we manage to confirm that the 420nm band of berberine undergoes a red-shift, and its bandwidth decreases under the interaction with β-CyD. The red-shift of the 420nm band that can be assigned to n-π* transition indicates the environment of berberine becomes more hydrophobic. The above spectral behavior is helpful in understanding why the solubility of berberine is enhanced by β-CyD.

In this work, we investigated the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the solubility of artemisinin in aqueous solution by using quantitative 1H NMR. Experimental results demonstrate that about 4 times of incremental increase occurs on the solubility of artemisinin upon introducing PVP. In addition, dipole-dipole interaction between the ester group of artemisinin and the amide group of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), a model compound of PVP, is characterized by two-dimensional (2D) correlation FTIR spectroscopy with the DAOSD (Double Asynchronous Orthogonal Sample Design) approach developed in our previous work. The observation of cross peaks in a pair of 2D asynchronous spectra suggests that dipole-dipole interaction indeed occurs between the ester group of artemisinin and amide group of NMP. Moreover, the pattern of cross peaks indicates that the carbonyl band of artemisinin undergoes blue-shift while the bandwidth and absorptivity increases via interaction with NMP, and the amide band of NMP undergoes blue-shift while the absorptivity increases via interaction with artemisinin. Dipole-dipole interaction, as one of the strongest intermolecular interaction between artemisinin and excipient, may play an important role in the enhancement of the solubility of artemisinin in aqueous solution.

Properties of 2D asynchronous spectra generated from a series of fluorescence emission spectra are investigated. Variable excitation wavelengths are utilized as an external perturbation. Based on the results of mathematical analysis and computer simulation, we find that no cross peak will be produced on the 2D asynchronous spectrum if the fluorescent solute under investigation occurs in a single micro-environment. The observation of cross peaks implies that the fluorescent molecule may occur in different micro-environments in a solution. Based on these results, we use 2D asynchronous spectra to investigate the emission spectra of anthracene dissolved in cyclohexane. When the concentration of anthracene is low, no cross peak is produced in the resultant 2D asynchronous spectrum, confirming that anthracene is dissolved as single molecule in the solution. As the concentration elevated, cross peaks appear in the corresponding 2D asynchronous spectra. A plausible explanation of this phenomenon is that anthracene may undergo aggregation via π-π interaction or π-C-H interaction.

We propose a substantially simplified approach to construct a pair of 2D asynchronous spectra based on the DAOSD approach proposed in our previous papers. By using a new concentration series, only three 1D spectra are used to generate a pair of 2D correlation spectra together with two reference spectra. By using this method, the previous problem of labor intensive traditional DAOSD approach has been successfully addressed. We apply the new approach to characterize intermolecular interaction between acetonitrile and butanone dissolved in carbon tetrachloride. The existence of intermolecular interaction between the two solutes can be confirmed by the presence of a cross peak in the resultant 2D IR spectra. In addition, the absence of cross peak around (2254, 2292) in Psi(butanone) provides another experimental evidence to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the stretching band and an overtone band (delta(CH3)+v(C-C)). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The spectral behavior of a pair of 2D asynchronous spectra generated by using the double asynchronous orthogonal sample design (DAOSD) approach on a chemical system is investigated. Two solutes (P and Q) are dissolved in the solution and intermolecular interaction between P and Q is characterized. In this particular system, P occurs in two exchangeable states when it is dissolved in the solutions. Results on mathematical analysis and computer simulation demonstrated that interference unrelated to the intermolecular interaction can be completely removed. Hence the resultant 2D asynchronous spectra generated by using the DAOSD approach can reflect intermolecular interaction reliably. Moreover, properties of cross peaks in different regions of the pair of asynchronous spectra are discussed. In our previous works, cross peaks generated by using the DAOSD and relevant techniques reflect variations on peak position, bandwidth or absorptivity of the characteristic peaks of solutes caused by intermolecular interaction. However, we find that cross peak can still be produced even if intermolecular interaction do not bring about any changes on the characteristic peaks of solutes. Mathematical analysis demonstrates that cross peaks are related to the variations of chemical systems caused by intermolecular interaction at a network level.

Terbium acetylsalicylate has been prepared, and the ethanol solution of the complex exhibits strong luminescence under the excitation of ultraviolet radiation. When a small amount of bilirubin solution is introduced into the solution containing a high concentration of terbium acetylsalicylate, a remarkable diminution of the luminescence of the terbium complex was observed. Investigations on the behavior and life-time of luminescence indicate that the quenching is not caused by forming a stable non-luminescent product via a reaction between terbium acetylsalicylate and bilirubin. A π-π interaction between the chromophore of bilirubin and the aromatic moiety of ligand was revealed via the pattern of cross peaks in the 2D asynchronous spectrum generated using the DAOSD (double asynchronous orthogonal sample design) approach. Such an interaction paves a route for energy transfer in the quenching process. The combination of a high concentration of the terbium complex and a long life-time of luminescence in the lanthanide complex/bilirubin system forms a special scenario: a bilirubin molecule by diffusion may visit and deactivate dozens of excited terbium complexes within the half-life period of the lanthanide complex. This is why a small amount of bilirubin can bring about the significant reduction of luminescence on the solution containing a high concentration of the terbium complex.

Systematic Absence of Cross Peaks (SACPs) in a two-dimensional (2D) asynchronous spectrum, a sensitive indicator of the signal purity, is very important in analyzing bilinear data. However, identification of SACPs in practice remains a challenge because of noise in the corresponding 2D asynchronous spectrum. We firstly show that SACP can be identified via a statistical test using a large amount of 2D asynchronous spectra. To meet the practical demand that SACPs must be identified based on a single 2D asynchronous spectrum in many cases, we use a 2D quotient spectrum (Q (x, y)) as an effective auxiliary tool to recognize SACPs. The expectation of Q(x, y) is zero when (x, y) is within SACP or background regions in the corresponding 2D asynchronous spectrum. When (x, y) is in a cross-peak region, the expectation of the absolute value of Q(x, y) is a constant regardless of whether the cross-peak in a 2D asynchronous spectrum is strong or weak. Thus, a unified threshold can be set up to differentiate the SACP region from cross-peak region via the auxiliary 2D quotient spectrum. We have applied this approach on two real-world examples and satisfactory results have been obtained. This result demonstrates that the statistical test with a 2D quotient spectrum is applicable in real-world systems.

We applied a newly developed technique of the DAOSD (Double Asynchronous Orthogonal Sample Design) approach to probe weak coordination between Co2+ ions and acetone. Subtle spectral variation on the carbonyl band of acetone and d-d transition band are revealed via cross peaks of 2D asynchronous spectra generated by using the DAOSD approach. These results suggest that coordination occur between cobalt ions and the carbonyl group of acetone. To confirm whether coordination occur between cobalt ions and acetone, EXAFS experiments are utilized. The EXAFS results reveal that a Co2+ is coordinated by six methanol molecules in anhydrous COCl2/methanol solution. Upon addition of acetone in into the anhydrous COCl2/methanol solution, the coordination number of Co2+ ion becomes four, and one coordinating oxygen atom is replaced by a chlorine atom. We infer that the decrease in coordination number of Co2+ ion is due to the participation of the carbonyl oxygen of acetone in the coordination since the size of acetone is larger than methanol. This result provides an alternative evidence to support the conclusion that Co2+ ions coordinate with acetone, which is separately obtained from the 2D asynchronous spectra generated by using the DAOSD approach. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The theory of M-matrix and H-matrix plays an important role in many fields such as computational mathematics, mathematical physics, etc. Recently, some iterative algorithms for identifying H-matrices have been proposed, but these methods are all designed for implementing on a sequential computer, and may be ineffective for large scalar matrices. In this paper, based on the previous ideas, we propose a parallel iterative criterion implemented on the distributed-memory multiprocessor machines, which is convergent and costs less computational time than the earlier ones, we also present several numerical examples to show its effectiveness.

M-matrices and H-matrices play an important role in computational mathematics, mathematical physics, and theory of dynamical systems. Recently, some iterative methods have been proposed for identifying H-matrices. In this paper, we provide two new convergent methods, which need fewer iterations than the earlier ones, we also propose a corresponding non-parameter method for irreducible situation, and several numerical examples are given.

A non-parameter iterative method for generalized diagonally dominant matrices (i.e. H-matrices) was proposed by Li et al. [L. Li, H. Niki, M. Sasanabc, A non-parameter criterion for generalized diagonally dominant matrices, Int. J. Comput. Math. 71 (1999) 267–275]. In this paper, we provide an improved algorithm by means of interleaved iteration, the new method is always convergent and needs fewer iterations than that of Li et al.; we also provide a corresponding algorithm for a general matrix, which decreases the wasteful computations when the given matrix is not an H-matrix. Several numerical examples for the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are presented.

An algorithmic characterization of H-matrices was provided by Huang et al. [Comput. Math. Appl. 48 (2004) 1587-1601]. In this paper, we propose a new non-parameter method, which is always convergent in finite iterative steps for H-matrices and needs fewer number of iterations than that of Huang et al.; we also provide an improved algorithm for a general matrix, which decreases the wasteful computations when the given matrix is not an H-matrix. Several numerical examples for the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are presented.