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Studies are urgently needed to characterize immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines in kidney transplant (KT) recipients, excluded from major clinical trials. Complex ELISPOT and other cellular response techniques have been applied, but simpler tools are needed. An easy-to-use real-world monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against the Spike protein and QuantiFERON® SARS-CoV-2 IFNI³ release assay (IGRA) were performed at baseline and 28 days after the second dose in KT recipients and controls (dialysis patients and healthy ones). All healthy controls and >95% dialysis controls became positive for anti-S IgG antibodies, while only 63.3% of KT patients seroconverted with a very low antibody level. A positive IGRA was documented in 96.9% of controls, 89.3% peritoneal dialysis, 77.6% hemodialysis, 61.3% of KT patients transplanted more than 1 year ago and only 36% of those transplanted within the previous 12 months. Overall, 100% of healthy controls, 95.4% of dialysis patients and 78.8% KT recipients developed any immune response (humoral and/or cellular) against SARS-CoV-2. KT patients showed low rates of immune responses to mRNA Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 vaccines, especially those with recent transplantations. Simple humoral and cellular monitoring is advisable, so that repeated doses may be scheduled according to the results.

We evaluated the administration of ARI-0001 cells (chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting CD19) in adult and pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory CD19+ malignancies. Patients received cyclophosphamide and fludarabine followed by ARI-0001 cells at a dose of 0.4–5 × 106 ARI-0001 cells/kg, initially as a single dose and later split into 3 fractions (10%, 30%, and 60%) with full administration depending on the absence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). 58 patients were included, of which 47 received therapy: 38 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 8 with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and 1 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In patients with ALL, grade ≥3 CRS was observed in 13.2% (26.7% before versus 4.3% after the amendment), grade ≥3 neurotoxicity was observed in 2.6%, and the procedure-related mortality was 7.9% at day +100, with no procedure-related deaths after the amendment. The measurable residual disease-negative complete response rate was 71.1% at day +100. Progression-free survival was 47% (95% IC 27%–67%) at 1 year: 51.3% before versus 39.5% after the amendment. Overall survival was 68.6% (95% IC 49.2%–88%) at 1 year. In conclusion, the administration of ARI-0001 cells provided safety and efficacy results that are comparable with other academic or commercially available products. This trial was registered as ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03144583 .

Introduction: Several authors question the performance of systematic renal ultrasound after first urinary tract infection (UTI) in young children, given the high sensitivity of prenatal ultrasounds to detect major malformations and the low prevalence of clinical relevant findings. The aims of this study are to evaluate the yield of renal ultrasound performed after the first UTI in patients aged less than 2 years and to analyse potential risk factors (RF) of altered renal ultrasound. Patients and methods: Retrospective study, including patients aged less than 2 years diagnosed with UTI in the Emergency Department between July 2013 and December 2014. Patients with an underlying nephro-urological pathology, previous UTIs and those without prenatal or post-infection renal ultrasound were excluded. Altered renal ultrasound was defined as the presence of dilated urinary tract or structural abnormalities. Potential RF analysed were: male, age less than 3 months, presence of fever and microorganism other than Escherichia coli. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results: A total of 306 patients were included. Altered renal ultrasound was found in 35 cases (11.4%; 95% CI 8.3–15.5): 24 (68.6%) urinary tract dilation, and 11 (31%) structural abnormalities. Among the cases with altered ultrasound, 68.6% were male, 51.4% were younger than 3 months, 74.3% were febrile, and 31.4% were caused by microorganisms other than E. coli, compared to 45% (P = .009), 31.7% (P = .021), 78.2% (P = .597) and 10% (P = .001) of cases with normal ultrasound. In the multivariate analysis, age less than 3 months (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0–4.3, P = .05) and microorganism other than E. coli (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.7–8.7, P = .002) remained as RF. Conclusions: The yield of renal ultrasound after the first UTI is low. Its indication should be individualised according to the presence of RF: age less than 3 months and microorganism other than E. coli. Resumen: Introducción: Diversos autores cuestionan la realización sistemática de una ecografía renal en los lactantes con una primera infección del tracto urinario (ITU), dada la alta sensibilidad de las ecografías prenatales para la detección de malformaciones mayores y la baja prevalencia de hallazgos clínicamente significativos. Los objetivos de este trabajo son valorar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la ecografía renal realizada después de la primera ITU en pacientes menores de 2 años y analizar posibles factores de riesgo (FR) de presentar una ecografía renal alterada. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo. Se incluyen los pacientes menores de 2 años diagnosticados de ITU en Urgencias entre julio de 2013 y diciembre de 2014. Se excluyen aquellos con enfermedad nefrourológica, ITU previas y sin ecografía renal prenatal o postinfección. Se considera ecografía renal alterada la presencia de dilatación de las vías urinarias y/o anomalías estructurales. Los posibles FR evaluados son: sexo masculino, edad inferior a 3 meses, fiebre y microorganismo distinto a Escherichia coli. Se realiza estudio univariante y por regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: Se incluyen 306 pacientes. Presentan ecografía renal alterada 35 (11,4%; IC 95% 8,3-15,5): 24 (68,6%) dilatación de las vías urinarias y 11 (31%) alteraciones estructurales. De las ecografías alteradas, el 68,6% corresponden a varones, el 51,4% a una edad inferior a 3 meses, el 74,3% a ITU febriles y el 31,4% por microorganismo distinto a E. coli, respecto al 45% (p = 0,009), el 31,7% (p = 0,021), el 78,2% (p = 0,597) y el 10% (p = 0,001) de las ecografías normales. En el análisis multivariante se mantienen como FR la edad inferior a 3 meses (OR 2,1; IC 95% 1,0-4,3; p = 0,05) y un microorganismo distinto a E. coli (OR 3,8; IC 95% 1,7-8,7; p = 0,002). Conclusiones: El rendimiento de la ecografía renal después de la primera ITU es bajo. Se debería individualizar su indicación según la presencia de FR: edad inferior a 3 meses y microorganismo distinto a E. coli.

Anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) identified by single antigen bead array (SAB) are questioned for their excess in sensitivity and lack of event prediction after transplantation. Population and methods We retrospectively evaluated specific types of preformed DSA (class I, class II or C1q-fixing) and their impact on graft survival. Kidney transplantations performed across negative CDC-crossmatch were included (n = 355). Anti-HLA antibodies were tested using SAB to identify DSA and their capacity to fix C1q. Results Twenty-eight patients with pretransplant DSA + with MFI > 2000 were selected to assess C1q fixation. DSA were C1q + in 15 patients and C1q- in 13, without significant differences in demographics, acute rejection, graft loss or renal function. The maximum MFI of DSA in patients with C1q-fixing DSA was significantly higher (p = 0.008). Patients with DSA class-I suffered more antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and had worse graft survival than class-II. The capacity of DSA I to fix C1q did not correlate with rejection, graft function or graft loss. Conclusions C1q testing in pretransplant sera with DSA was unable to predict acute antibody-mediated rejection or early graft loss, but the presence of DSA class I compared to DSA only class II did. Despite non-fixing complement in vitro, pretransplant C1q-negative DSA I can mediate rejection and graft loss.

Resumen Introduccion La practica clinica habitual nos muestra la gran variabilidad existente en las formas de tratar una misma patologia, asi como en los recursos utilizados y resultados obtenidos. Las vias clinicas constituyen una herramienta util para disminuir dicha variabilidad, ajustar los recursos y aumentar la calidad en la atencion de los pacientes. En el presente estudio presentamos nuestra experiencia y resultados de la implantacion de la via clinica para cirugia colorrectal electiva disenada con el fin de aplicarla en un hospital general basico. Pacientes y metodos Un total de 43 pacientes fueron intervenidos de forma programada de patologia colorrectal durante el periodo de febrero a diciembre de 2002. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: 1) elaboracion e implantacion de la via clinica de cirugia colorrectal electiva a todos los pacientes susceptibles; 2) definicion de criterios, indicadores, estandares de calidad y su evaluacion, y 3) mejora de la informacion al paciente. Resultados Se incluyo el 100% de los pacientes susceptibles de entrar en la via clinica para cirugia colorrectal electiva. La aparicion de complicaciones (28%; estandar Conclusiones Las vias clinicas constituyen un compromiso multidisciplinario pero de costosa implantacion en los actuales sistemas sanitarios de atencion al paciente. A pesar de las dificultades en su implantacion, estamos convencidos de que constituyen un sistema de control de calidad de dicha atencion, disminuyendo la variabilidad de la practica clinica, y aumentando la atencion personalizada y la informacion al paciente sobre su enfermedad. La mayor parte de los indicadores analizados en la via clinica se han aproximado a los estandares fijados previamente. Creemos necesario mejorar el porcentaje de entrega de hojas informativas graficas al paciente, la medicion de EVA, asi como el porcentaje de EVA inferior a 4 como criterio de eficacia analgesica.