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Impact experiments of large-caliber PELE with various inner-outer diameter ratio perforating RHA plate at low velocity were performed. Experimental results showed the size of perforated holes on plate, average diameter of damage area on witness plate, and number of behind-armor fragments will increase as d/D increasing from 0.72 to 0.84. Expansion and fragmentation of large-caliber PELE in this condition were also numerically studied with ANSYS Autodyn. Then, an analytical model accounting for an additional radial shock wave was presented to predict radial expansion velocity and fragmentation of jacket, as well as an empirical approach to estimate diameter of damage area. Calculation results by these approaches were in good agreement with experiments and numerical simulations. Further discussion revealed that Shock/rarefaction wave interactions behavior varying with inner-outer diameter ratio is an important mechanism resulting in different lateral effect by PELE projectiles with various configurations. Keywords: PELE, Enhanced lateral effect, Penetration mechanics, Behind-armor fragments

Damage effects of the double-spaced aluminum plates, impacted by the cold isostatically pressed and sintered PTFE/Al/W reactive material projectile with a density of 7.8 g/cm 3 , were investigated by the ballistic impact experiments and the theoretical analyses. Three kinds of the double-spaced plates with the thicknesses of 3 mm/3 mm, 6 mm/3 mm and 6 mm/6 mm were used. The distance between the front and the rear plate was 200 mm. The cylindrical reactive projectile with the mass of 8 g was launched at the velocities of approximate 710 m/s∼950 m/s to impact the target. It has been shown that the plugging damage pattern is formed on the front plate impacted by the reactive projectile. Moreover, damage to the rear plate is significantly influenced by the impact velocity and the front/ rear plate thickness. For mechanism consideration, the plugging damage to the front plate is caused by the kinetic energy impact of the reactive projectile. However, damage to the rear plate is caused by the kinetic energy impact of residual projectile and fragment cloud. The chemical release may also enhance the damage to the rear plate.