1. Molecular and pro-inflammatory aspects of COVID-19: The impact on cardiometabolic health
- Author
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Elena Lo Presti, Domenico Nuzzo, Wael Al Mahmeed, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Kamila Al-Alawi, Maciej Banach, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Antonio Ceriello, Mustafa Cesur, Francesco Cosentino, Alberto Firenze, Massimo Galia, Su-Yen Goh, Andrej Janez, Sanjay Kalra, Nitin Kapoor, Peter Kempler, Nader Lessan, Paulo Lotufo, Nikolaos Papanas, Ali A. Rizvi, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Raul D. Santos, Anca P. Stoian, Peter P. Toth, Vijay Viswanathan, Manfredi Rizzo, Lo Presti, Elena, Nuzzo, Domenico, Al Mahmeed, Wael, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Alawi, Kamila, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Yajnavalka, Ceriello, Antonio, Cesur, Mustafa, Cosentino, Francesco, Firenze, Alberto, Galia, Massimo, Goh, Su-Yen, Janez, Andrej, Kalra, Sanjay, Kapoor, Nitin, Kempler, Peter, Lessan, Nader, Lotufo, Paulo, Papanas, Nikolao, Rizvi, Ali A, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Santos, Raul D, Stoian, Anca P, Toth, Peter P, Viswanathan, Vijay, and Rizzo, Manfredi
- Subjects
Interleukin-6 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Interleukin-8 ,COVID-19 ,COVID, Cardiometabolic, Diabetes, Inflammation, Molecular ,Interleukin-10 ,Interferon-gamma ,Adipokines ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Cytokines ,Humans ,Interleukin-2 ,RNA, Viral ,Molecular Medicine ,Interleukin-4 ,Obesity ,Pandemics ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) often cluster together as "Cardiometabolic Disease" (CMD). Just under 50% of patients with CMD increased the risk of morbidity and mortality right from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic as it has been reported in most countries affected by the SARS-CoV2 virus. One of the pathophysiological hallmarks of COVID-19 is the overactivation of the immune system with a prominent IL-6 response, resulting in severe and systemic damage involving also cytokines such as IL2, IL4, IL8, IL10, and interferon-gamma were considered strong predictors of COVID-19 severity. Thus, in this mini-review, we try to describe the inflammatory state, the alteration of the adipokine profile, and cytokine production in the obese state of infected and not infected patients by SARS-CoV2 with the final aim to find possible influences of COVID-19 on CMD and CVD. The immunological-based discussion of the molecular processes could inspire the study of promising targets for managing CMD patients and its complications during COVID-19.
- Published
- 2022
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