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Modern bee keeping demands more scientific and environment compatible methodologies to improve honeybee's health and efficiency. The current study was designed to explore the hidden potential of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) and organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid) on bee's growth especially hypopharyngeal gland (HPG). Large sized HPG has the ability to produce more royal jelly than smaller ones. For the purpose, the experimentation was carried out in 7 different treatment groups in which probiotics and organic acids were provided in different proportions. Significant increase in acinal surface area of bees in all the experimental groups was observed. Control bees which were fed with pollens and sugar syrup only for two weeks depicted the mean ± SE value of 0.011 ± 0.001 for acinal surface area. Similarly, worker bees of the experimental group 3 [pollens +50% (w/v) sucrose in 1.96% acetic acid], group 4 [pollens + L. rhamnosus in 50% (w/v) sucrose in distilled water], group 5 [pollens + L. rhamnosus in 50% (w/v) sucrose in 2.99% lactic acid], group 6 [pollens + L. rhamnosus in 50% (w/v) sucrose in 2.91% acetic acid] and group 7 [pollens + L. rhamnosus in 50% (w/v) sucrose in 1.96% acetic acid] showed mean ± SE values of 0.019 ± 0.001, 0.017 ± 0.001, 0.013 ± 0.001, 0.016 ± 0.001 and 0.014 ± 0.001 mm

Hepaticoenterostomy is an important step of reconstruction during hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery with a subsequent bile leakage rate of up to 5%. The International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) proposed a severity grading system for defining bile leakage after HPB surgery, which has not been validated after pancreatic surgery in a large patient cohort. The present study aimed to validate the ISGLS definition for bile leakage in pancreatic surgery and to investigate the postoperative outcomes of bile leakage after pancreatic resections.Data from the prospectively maintained database for pancreas surgery were extracted for any type of pancreatectomy with hepaticoenterostomy between 2006 and 2019. The severity of bile leakage was graded according to the ISGLS definition. The influence of our standardized hepaticoenterostomy technique and of the complexity of the surgical procedure on the rate of clinically relevant bile leakages (B and C) were assessed in three different timeframes.Bile leakage was detected in 152 of 5,300 patients (2.9%). Clinically relevant bile leakages included seventy patients with grade B and eighty-two patients with grade C bile leakages (46.1% and 53.9%, respectively). During the study period, the overall rate of bile leakage showed to be stable (from 3.5% to 2.4%). Patients with grade C bile leakage had a higher rate of postoperative wound infection (P 0.001) and longer ICU stays and hospital stays compared to patients with grade B bile leakage (P = 0.03 and P 0.001 respectively). These parameters were significantly higher in patients with late grade C bile leakage but were similar between patients with grade B bile leakage and early grade C bile leakage (5th day POD). In the whole patients' cohort, the 90-day mortality rate was 3.2% (174/5,300), with a rate of 25% in patients with bile leakage (38/152).The ISGLS classification is a valid method for classifying postoperative bile leak after pancreas surgery. Standardization of our hepaticoenterostomy technique resulted in a stable rate of bile leakage. Although rare, bile leakage following pancreas surgery is a severe complication that has a major impact on patient outcomes and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality, even in the absence of POPF.

This research study evaluates the use of a supercapacitor module as a fast-response energy storage unit to improve energy self-consumption and self-sufficiency for renewable energy systems applications. The designed system consists of the photovoltaic component with 3.0 kWp capacity combined with (0–5) supercapacitor module with a capacity of 500F-2.7V per module to serve the desired load. The analysis was carried out using experimental data for the electrical load and solar irradiance, as well as ambient temperature at a 1-minute temporal resolution for the year 2020. The measured daily average power of the electrical load was 0.299 kW, with a daily energy consumption of 7.2 kWh/day at a maximum peak of 5.36 kW, while the yearly energy consumption was recorded 2620 kWh/year. The measured daily average solar irradiance was 3.1 kWh/m2/day, and the monthly average ambient temperature was 10.7 °C.The charge of the supercapacitor was only possible from the photovoltaic system and not from grid. The simulation results demonstrated that the use of the supercapacitor module could feed the rapid peaks of electrical load and significantly increase energy self-consumption and self-sufficiency. Using only five supercapacitor modules increases the annual self-consumption from 21.75% to 28.74% and the percentage of self-sufficiency increases from 28.09% to 40.77%. The study concluded that adding small and responsive energy storage is an excellent choice of batteries.

Antibiotic effectively controls the bacterial and fungal infections. Pathogens developing multi-drug resistance are a global health concern, which necessitate developing new molecules to overcome the resistance dilemma. This study explores the intrinsic ability of marine oysters synthesizing bioactive compounds. The tissue extracts prepared in n-hexane from two oysters, Magallana bilineata and Magallana cuttackensis compared for broad spectral antimicrobial activates against the fungal, Gram positive and negative pathogens. Regardless, both the species tolerated the same pollution indices; the M. bilineata exhibits stronger antimicrobial activities as compared to M. cuttackensis. M. bilineata potentially inhibited the bacterial growth with minimal inhibitory concentration (0.75–20 μg/ml) and fungal pathogens (0.75–5 μg/ml) as compared to ciprofloxacin and miconazole. Inhibitory potential complimented with reduce bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations required to observed susceptible zone of inhibition (ZOI). The inhibition augmented with increased antimicrobial index (AMI) and total activity index (TAI) against the human pathogen than those of M. cuttackensis. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to develop novel antimicrobial agents to minimize the threat of emerging multiple antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Therefore, the oysters surviving in the pollution stress modulate the physiological and immune response may exploit to develop potential antibiotics.

The Structural synthesis and topological analysis of Epicyclic gear trains (EGTs) have been great research area for checking isomorphic properties of mechanisms since few decades. In this paper, comparative analysis was done between three methods as Modified path matrix approach (MPM), Modified gradient method (MGM) and Bocher’s Technique (BT) for checking isomorphism in EGTs and its inversions. These methods have computed on the basis of reliability of results, computational application & structural properties for theirs merits and demerits by using MATLAB software. The methods have been compared with examples of 4-link EGTs and 6-link EGTs One-DOF. All examples have found satisfactory results on the basis of literature.

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a special type of concrete that has excellent properties, especially compressive strength. However, one of the disadvantages of RPC is that it has a high cement content, which can reach 1000 kg/m3. Because of the high cost of producing cement and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with its manufacture, researchers have resorted to investigating alternatives to cement, including supplementary cementitious materials. Accordingly, this research aims to produce environmentally friendly RPC in which 50% of the cement was replaced by metakaolin (MK) and fly ash (FA) combinations. To achieve the aim of the study, three RPC mixtures: 10MK + 40FA, 15MK + 35FA, and control mixture (without replacement) were cast. The fresh and mechanical properties tests were performed. The results showed that the combination of MK and FA improved the fresh properties of RPC, while the hardening properties were decreased.

The generation of epicyclic gear trains (EGTs) by application of graph theory has a major focus by researchers to avoid duplicity of mechanisms as well as topological structural and synthesis analysis. This paper presents the generation of EGTs with one degree of freedom up to eight links. The method has been formulated on the basis of conventional graphs, the graphs converted into adjacency matrices and then, obtained wiener number for structural synthesis and isomorphic property. The results obtained by this method have been fully satisfied with references

The identification of isomorphism among epicyclic gear trains (EGTs) and their mechanisms has great area of research for the last few years. In this paper, a novel approach based on Bocher’s equation is presented to identifying all distinct EGTs with different links and degree of freedoms. It is basically based on the connectivity matrices and the absolute sum of polynomial coefficient which identifying isomorphism in EGTs. Finally, the proposed method was examined on the basis of various examples from 4, 5, 6, and 8-links one-dof and 6-links two-dof EGTs. All examples have been found satisfactory results with existing literature.

Detection of isomorphism in epicyclic gear trains (EGTs) and their mechanisms has been a great challenge for several researchers since few years. Checking for isomorphism at the conceptual stage will avoid duplication in the generation process. In this paper, an innovative approach based on Modified gradient method (MGM) is presented for identification of isomorphism of epicyclic gear trains and inversions of mechanisms. The new concept ‘MGM’ is proposed on basis of Train values and connectivity Matrices to be a quantitative measurement of isomorphism in EGTs. This is a novel, simple algorithm and less computation required to detect the duplication of EGTs. The proposed algorithm is applied to various examples from 4-links, 5-links, 6-links, and 8-links 1-DOF of the epicyclic gear trains. All the examples have been found satisfactory results with existing literature.

New 6-substituted-5,6-dihydrobenzo[4,5] imidazo[1,2-c] quinazoline compounds were synthesized using two different protocols: microwave-enhanced and classical heating methods. A comparison study that was set up to compare both the methods and the results showed that the microwave-assisted method produced a better percentage yield (up to 98%) in a very short reaction time (only a few minutes). All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and elemental analysis. Only one compound was analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction despite the difficulties of getting good crystal even after several attempts. The X-ray crystallography results were chemically acceptable and confirmed the structure of benzimidazoquinazoline 5. Incidentally, the studied derivatives were found to emit a very nice blue light when exposed to UV-light. Therefore, a photoluminescence study was performed as a part of the characterization processes. Biological application as an antimicrobial and an antioxidant for the target analogues was performed. Some derivatives exhibited high antibacterial activity against studied Gram-positive strains, although they were not active against Gram-negative strains. Moreover, some of them showed excellent antioxidant activities against both of the studied antioxidant DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals.

Twenty five isolates of epiphytic yeasts were isolated from healthy surface of tomato, mango, lemon, orange, grape fruit and green chili and evaluated for their potential against postharvest Penicillium digitatum decay of kinnow fruits. Identification of yeast was confirmed by molecular biology tools. Twenty isolates have shown maximum in-vitro activity against P. digitatum. Eight effective lead isolates were examined for their potential against postharvest natural infection of P. digitatum on kinnow fruit stored for fifteen days at the room temperature (25–30 °C). All eight isolates showed least infection of P. digitatum with minimum quality loss as compared to a set of control and positive control (1% K sorbate). Isolates HAB-31 and HAB-53 which showed no postharvest decay of kinnow due to P. digitatum were further evaluated on kinnow by artificially spraying of P. digitatum on kinnow fruits. Yeast treated fruit showed least fruit decay with minimum quality changes as compared to control and positive control set.

Kidney autotransplantation (ATx) is a treatment option for distal renal artery aneurysm (RAA). This systematic review evaluated the indications, treatment strategy, and outcome of kidney ATx to verify the value of this procedure in treating RAA.PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.All study types were included, except study protocols and animal studies, without time or language restrictions. Data sources were reviewed until April 2021 to identify relevant articles evaluating operating time, cold and warm ischaemia time, total complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate in patients with RAA receiving kidney ATx.The literature search retrieved 644 articles. Of these, 55 clinical studies (including 37 case reports and 18 case series) investigating 199 patients were eligible for inclusion. Endovascular treatment had failed in 17% of 70 patients with RAA. Heterotopic kidney ATx was performed in 81% of patients, and 19% received orthotopic kidney ATx. Unplanned nephrectomy was reported in only one patient (0.1%). Post-operative complications were reported in 6.9% of patients, including urinary tract infection (2.0%), wound infection (1.3%), acute renal insufficiency (0.6%), graft thrombosis (0.6%), kidney hypoperfusion (0.6%), haematoma (0.6%), lymphocoele (0.6%), pseudoaneurysm (0.6%), and arterial occlusion (0.6%). None of the patients died peri-operatively, and organ loss was reported in only one patient (0.05%). No further organ loss or death was reported during follow up (median follow up duration 12 months).In patients with distal perihilar RAA, surgical repair with kidney ATx appears to be a suitable alternative when endovascular approaches are not appropriate. In these cases, kidney ATx saves the kidney and provides good clinical outcomes. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, considering the lack of data regarding the adverse events, potential for favourable publication bias among included studies, and the absence of consecutive series and prospective trials.