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Background and aim: Traditional medicine relies heavily on the use of compounds-rich plants, like those of the Asteraceae family, many of such species are commercially available in the form of herbal preparations. These are particularly rich in a wide range of natural terpenoids named sesquiterpene lactones, the active principles in some cases. Inula viscosa(L.) Aiton (Family Asteraceae, Tribe Inuleae), currently classified as Dittrichia viscose (L.) Greuter, is an invasive weed widely distributed in the Mediterranean region. This species and its components present a broad range of biological activities (anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiulcer, antiviral, antiparasitic). Its extracts are particularly rich in terpenoids, in particular eudesmane acids, notably α-isocostic acid (present in the aerial parts but not in the roots).Methods: Bioguided assays on the studied plant parts (aerial parts, flowers, streams, roots) have been undertaken, then in vitroBiological assays were investigated through: quantification of Bioactive compounds as total phenols and flavonoids, isolation and characterization of main compound α-isocostic acid by 1H and 2D COSY NMR analysis, assessment of antioxidant activity via Reducing power, CUPRAC, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl, DPPH, ABTS free radicals scavenging tests, and antimicrobial activity.Results: Phytochemical analysis reveled flower extract as the richest extract in phenols, flavonoids and α-isocostic acid, root extract is the poorest one, obtained results showed a high correlation with in vitro antioxidant activities, which were assessed by the indirect antioxidant potent, Ferric reducing power FRAP as it is a widely used preliminary test to evaluate reducing capacity of oxygen generating species OGS (H2O2), which can in turn generate free radicals (OH), in addition to CUPRAC test, DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging, the main responsible of oxidative stress associated with several pathologies like cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, cancer and aging, The antimicrobial potent evaluated against 4 referential bacteria Escherichia coliATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853and Klebsiella pneumoniaATCC 700603 Gram-negative, Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923 Gram-positive and one fungi Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (usually used as biopesticid) exhibit root part almost as better extract.Conclusion: The hypothesis that sesquiterpens as α-isocostic acid, widely present in Inula viscosaare responsible of its biological activity was proposed. We demonstrate by bioguided assays on different plant parts, that it is not reliable for all tested applications, in case of antimicrobial ones, results suggest that it is mediated by roots system.

Thirteen undescribed triterpenoid saponins named monellosides A-M, were isolated from the aerial parts of Anagallis monelli ssp. linifolia (L.) Maire, together with ten known oleanane-type glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY) as well as high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and acid hydrolysis. Monellosides A-M have a carbohydrate chain linked on the C-3 of the aglycone with a common β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl sequence which was further glycosylated by a glucose and/or a xylose. The sequence β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-]α-l-arabinopyranosyl was common to all the 13,28-epoxy-oleanane core skeleton except one compound. In order to discuss the reclassification of Anagallis in Primulaceae, we compared saponins from species of Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae families and showed that these species were characterized by a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin with a 13,28-epoxy bridge skeleton. Our phytochemical results increase the knowledge of saponins of the genus Anagallis, their chemotaxonomy and stimulate the evaluation of the biological activities of these saponins.

Five previously undescribed bisdesmosidic triterpenoid saponins named calendustellatosides A-E, along with fifteen known compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanol whole plant extract of Calendula stellata Cav. (Asteraceae). Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy as well as high resolution mass spectrometry and acid hydrolysis. The saponins comprised oleanolic acid, echinocystic acid, morolic acid or mesembryanthemoidigenic acid as the aglycones and saccharide moieties at C-3 and C-28. Like most Calendula saponins, the sugar moiety linked at C-3 was either β - d -glucose or β - d -glucuronic acid which could be substituted at C-3 by a β - d -galactose and/or C-2 by a supplementary β - d -galactose or a β - d -glucose. The sugar moiety linked to C-28 was determined as β - d -glucose. The antibacterial evaluation of compounds 1 – 20 by bioautography on Staphylococcus aureus followed by the determination of MIC values of active compounds by serial dilution technique against 5 bacteria revealed that; calendustellatoside D was the most active against Enterococcus faecalis with an antibacterial effect comparable to antibiotics. The cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds were evaluated against fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) and human lung cancer cell line (A549). Calendustellatosides B and D exhibited a low cytotoxic activity against HT1080 cell line with IC 50 values of 47 ± 0.6 and 39 ± 0.5 μM, respectively.

The root extract of endemic Algerian Salvia species Salvia barrelieri Ettling and its diterpenoids were investigated for potential antioxidant activity. From its acetone extract, a new natural abietane diterpenoid 7-oxoroyleanone-12-methyl ether ( 1 ) and six known diterpenoids 7 α -acetoxyroyleanone-12-methyl ether ( 2 ), royleanone ( 3 ), horminone ( 4 ), 7-acetylhorminone ( 5 ), cryptojaponol ( 6 ) and inuroyleanol ( 7 ) were isolated, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means. Among the diterpenoids, the new diterpenoid 7-oxoroyleanone-12-methyl ether ( 1 ) showed highest superoxide anion scavenging activity while inuroyleanol ( 7 ) showed both the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene–linoleic acid system. These findings indicate that S. barrelieri extract as well as isolated abietane diterpenes, particularly inuroyleanol are promising antioxidants which can be used as food additives.

Summary The essential oils of five Algerian Lamiaceae species, Thymus numidicus, Thymus fontanesii, Teucrium polium subsp. aurasiacum, Teucrium atratum and Rosmarinus officinalis, obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, were tested against bacterial strains of Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC. The essential oil of Thymus numidicus exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity, reported for the first time from a Lamiaceae species.

The present study is the first phytochemical report of plants belonging to the genus Randonia . We have isolated nine flavonol-glycosides from Randonia africana distributed into two monoglycosides, six diglycosides and one trioside. The monoglycoside, kaempferol-3- O -beta-glucopyranoside has been reported only from one Resedaceae species, Ochradenus baccatus , while the other monoglycoside, isorhamnetin-3- O -betaglucopyranoside, has never been isolated from any Resedaceae species.

We report here from aerial parts of R. villosa five flavonoid glycosides, quercetin-7-O-a-L-rhamnosyl-3-O-b-Dglucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-b-D-glucosyl-7-O-a-L-rhamnoside, kaempferol-7-O-a-L-rhamnoside, kaemferol-7-Oa-L-rhamnosyl-3-O-b-D-glucoside and kaemferol-3,7-O-a-L-dirhamnoside, the latter is reported for the first time from the Reseda genus. Air-dried and powdered aerial parts (1 kg) of R. villosa were macerated in a methanolic solution (70%), the residue was filtered, concentrated then successively extracted with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The butanolic extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and column chromatographed on polyamid SC6 with a gradient of tolueneeMeOH with increasing polarity. Paper chromatography using AcOH (15%) leaded to kaempferol-7-O-a-L-rhamnoside while preparative TLC on polyamid DC6 using H2Oe MeOHeMethylethylcetoneeAcetylacetone (13:3:3:1) leaded to quercetin-7-O-a-L-rhamnosyl-3-O-b-D-glucoside

Propargylic alcohol reacts with formic acid in the presence of mononuclear catalysts of ruthenium to selectively afford β-oxopropyl formate which has been shown as an exellent mild formylating agent of sterols when the reaction is catalyzed by 1,5-di azabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN).