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One of the popular ways to improve thermal efficiency of porous media burners is by enabling smart materials in reaction zone. In this experimental work, a predefined bilayer porous media micro burner was made to achieve both surface and submerged flame for a foam type (Alumina) of reaction layer and compared with conventional style of using discrete type. Moreover, preheat layer was also made up of foam (porcelain), which helped in attaining stable flame. This work mainly aimed to show burner behavior from rich to lean region at critical equivalence ratios. During surface mode combustion highest temperature was recorded for foam type was at equivalence ratio of 1.1, while discrete type was 1.3. Similarly, submerged mode combustion reordered maximum temperature for both foam and discrete type was around 0.6. Finally, thermal efficiencies where calculated at suitable equivalence ratios and emitted emission from the burner tip was also taken into considerations.

Resveratrol (RSV); a natural polyphenol possess anti-inflammatory property through reduction of proinflammatory cytokines tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 which play a key role in eye inflammation. Ocular inflammation results in irreversible tissues damage and impaired vision if left untreated. Surface coating of niosomes with chitosan can enhance their efficacy. Therefore the aim was to develop RSV-loaded chitosan-coated niosomes (Chitoniosomes) for topical ocular delivery. Chitoniosomes were formulated by ethanol-injection method. The selected formula (RSV.CsNiPolx) was composed of Span 60, Poloxamer407 and Cholesterol (3.5:3.5:3) coated with 0.6% w/v Chitosan. RSV.CsNiPolx showed particle size 363.1nm, PDI (0.21), zeta potential (+17.9), 90.3% entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesive efficiency with a sustained-release profile (56%) after 6 h. TEM showed circular shape niosomes surrounded by a relatively faded coat. The formula kept stable at 4 °C for 6 months storage. Good ocular tolerance of Chitoniosomes formulation without any inflammatory response to the rabbit eyes was confirmed by histological examination. Invivo antiinflammatory effects after 3 days treatment revealed reduced gene expressions of TNFα and IL-6, down to 49% and 55% respectively, in treated groups compared to control group. In conclusion, the results offer a promising nanoplatforms for topical application of the natural bioactive resveratrol in ocular inflammation.

The development of new classes of fluids with enhanced heat transfer capabilities has been the subject of significant contemporary research. One area of interest in this field involves the use of nanomaterials to improve the properties of heat-transfer fluids. This research experimentally investigates promising hybrid nanofluids that contain graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The present article reports thermophysical properties, heat transfer coefficient, and pressure drop for MWCNTs/GNPs water based hybrid nanofluids that flow through a circular tube (Din = 1.1 mm). The flow was assumed as a fully laminar flow (Re = 200–500), and a uniform heat flux was applied to the tube surface. Different weight concentrations of MWCNTs/water nanofluids (0.075, 0.125, and 0.25 wt%) were used and mixed with (0.035 wt%) GNPs to prepare hybrid nanofluids. Heat transfer coefficient was significantly enhanced using MWCNTs and MWCNTs/GNPs hybrid nanofluids. The enhancement of heat transfer coefficient is found to be proportionally dependent on the nanoparticle concentrations and inversely related with the Reynolds number. The positive effect of adding GNPs to different concentrations of MWCNTs enhanced the heat transfer coefficient. The maximum enhancement was recorded for 0.25 MWCNTs/0.035 GNPs hybrid at Re = 200 for a 43.4% increase with an 11% rise in pressure drop.

New cooling techniques are being explored for the dissipation of heat fluxes. Many recent studies on heat transfer in micro/minichannels (M/MCs) with nanofluids have focused on combining the advantages of both, for the purpose of obtaining higher single-phase enhancement of heat transfer. Developing of many applications such as cooling electronic device, solar cell, and automotive technology is highly demanded now a day to obtain high efficiency and reduce the operating cost. This review article summarizes recent studies, with a focus on two main topics: The first part contains the main concepts such as scaling effects of M/MCs, physical properties and convective heat transfer. The second part displays the main recent applications of M/MCs with nanofluids with the challenges to be widely used. The purpose of this article to provide exhaustive and comprehensive review of updated works published in this new area, with general conclusions.

Large thrombus burden (LTB) lesions in the context of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI) have been related to unsuccessful angiographic reperfusion and unfavorable clinical outcomes. However, the hazard of LTB treatment on myocardial damage has not been evaluated. We investigated the impact of LTB on myocardial damage using contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) in the setting of p-PCI. In 327 patients, who underwent p-PCI without thrombus aspiration within 12 hours from symptom onset, we prospectively assessed the impact of LTB on infarct size and microvascular damage using CE-CMR. LTB was defined by the presence of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction thrombus score ≥3 in patent infarct-related artery (IRA); or by "cut-off" occlusion pattern and/or large reference vessel diameter (≥3.5 mm) in occluded IRA. One hundred ninety-seven patients (60.2%) showed LTB and 130 (39.8%) did not. Distal embolization occurred in 18.8% patients with versus 6.9% without LTB (p = 0.003). At CE-CMR, patients with LTB had larger infarct size index (27.5 ± 11.1 vs 22.1 ± 17.5, p = 0.009) and more often transmural necrosis (70.5% vs 55.4%, p = 0.008) compared with patients without LTB. Excluding patients with distal embolization, patients with LTB still had larger necrosis. At multivariate analysis, occluded (IRA) at baseline, anterior infarction, and presence of LTB predicted transmural necrosis. In conclusion, LTB in the setting of p-PCI is related to larger myocardial damage as detected by CE-CMR, regardless of angiographic detectable distal embolization.