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The goal of this research was to develop a rapid single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based biosensor method and to employ it to a Kimchi product for Yersinia enterocolitica detection. A SWCNT-based biosensor was fabricated with SWCNTs immobilized with anti-Yersinia antibody (pAbs) through hybridization of 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PBASE) as a linker. The resistance difference (ΔR) was calculated via linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) using a potentiostat. The specific binding of pAbs to Y. enterocolitica was confirmed by indirect ELISA. The bacteria isolated from baek Kimchi products were identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. The ΔR for Y. enterocolitica was significantly increased by the fabricated SWCNT-based biosensor (p

The concept of smart food packaging based on biosensors and biopolymer-based nanocomposites has been attracting more and more interest to the industrial community because of the concerns of food quality and safety. A biosensor with food packaging has a scope to enable real-time monitoring of microbial breakdown products of packaged foods. Biopolymer-based nanocomposites (named bionanocomposites) have been extensively studied over the past few decades due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, and antimicrobial properties. Despite significant progress made in different studies regarding the uses of biosensors and bionanocomposites, the potential challenges and opportunities of them in developing smart food packaging have not been properly addressed. The idea of integrating bionanocomposites and using them as a biosensor in food packaging can be a milestone for developing smart food packaging industries. Therefore, it is important to know more about biosensors and bionanocomposites for developing sustainable and affordable smart packaging materials. The focus of this review is to outline existing research and developments (R&D) on biosensors and bionanocomposites and provide some perspectives of their potential challenges and opportunities in future smart food packaging industries.

This work is to develop silver integrated nanocomposite film based on activated carbon (AC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and characterize its functional properties for smart food packaging. The nanocomposite film was produced using a casting method, which used the ultrasonic suspension of CNF impregnated with AC and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), named activated carbon-based silver-cellulose film (AgNPs/AC-CNF). The antimicrobial properties of the film were tested against food pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was found that AgNPs concentrations in the range of 140-450 ppm inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli on the agar plates. The conductivity of AgNPs/AC-CNF film was also examined for its cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential plus voltammetry (DPV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) using a potentiostat. The results obtained by CV and DPV showed that peak current increased from 0.2 to 1.1 μA and 0.78 to 1.16 μA, respectively. The electrical resistivity of the film decreased from 6.8 to 1.9 kΩ.cm as AgNPs increased over the range of 70 to 450 ppm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the film showed that AgNPs were dispersed evenly within the film and well-connected with the pores of CNF and AC particles. This AgNPs/AC-CNF film showed promise to be an effective antimicrobial conductive film for smart food packaging applications.

Biosensing systems based on electrochemical detection is popular to the industrial community, because the electronic readout from biosensor assays could replace conventional microarray methods. However, the greatest practical barrier to a wider acceptance of biosensors within the industrial field is due to their associated manufacturing and operating costs. In this study, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based biosensor was tested for reusability after cleaning. The reusability of the existing biosensing system was examined using diverse cleaning reagents. Successful sensor cleaning without affecting their reusable properties was confirmed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. A range of NaOH concentrations between 70 and 160 mM was tested and the optimum reusable concentration for the biosensor was determined as 100 mM. A 5-time-reuse of the biosensor was achieved using 100 mM NaOH solution for peanut allergen control. Furthermore, re-adding anti-Yersinia antibodies to the biosensor led to the reaction of bacterial cells of Yersinia enterocolitica with the potential biosensor response. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that microorganisms (Y. enterocolitica) and peanut allergen (Ara h1) were washed away from the biosensor chip after washing using NaOH (100 mM) for 2 h.