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Early-life conditions have profound effects on many life-history traits, where early-life diet affects both juvenile development, and adult survival and reproduction. Early-life diet also has consequences for the ability of adults to withstand environmental challenges such as starvation, temperature and desiccation. However, it is less well known how early-life diet influences the consequences of infection in adults. Here we test whether varying the larval diet of female Drosophila melanogaster (through altering protein to carbohydrate ratio, P:C) influences the long-term consequences of injury and infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila. Given previous work manipulating adult dietary P:C, we predicted that adults from larvae raised on higher P:C diets would have increased reproduction, but shorter lifespans and an increased rate of ageing, and that the lowest larval P:C diets would be particularly detrimental for adult survival in infected individuals. For larval development, we predicted that low P:C would lead to a longer development time and lower viability. We found that early-life and lifetime egg production were highest at intermediate to high larval P:C diets, but this was independent of injury and infection. There was no effect of larval P:C on adult survival. Larval development was quickest on intermediate P:C and egg-to-pupae and egg-to-adult viability were slightly higher on higher P:C. Overall, despite larval P:C affecting several measured traits, we saw no evidence that larval P:C altered the consequence of infection or injury for adult survival or early-life and lifetime reproduction. Taken together, these data suggest that larval diets appear to have a limited impact on the adult life history consequences of infection.

Resumo A pandemia de 2020 causada pelo novo coronavirus, COVID‐19, teve seu epicentro na China. Causa Sindrome Respiratoria Aguda Grave pelo Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) e apresenta um amplo espectro de manifestacoes clinicas, que vao desde nenhum sintoma a insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave e obito. Com a expectativa de um numero significativo de pacientes dependentes de ventilador, varias instituicoes estrategicamente adiaram cirurgias eletivas. Esse e o caso principalmente de procedimentos envolvendo a mucosa nasal, como a via transesfenoidal para a hipofise, devido ao nivel imenso de disseminacao de material viral. Nao obstante, casos criticos requerem resolucao acelerada. Essas situacoes sao grave apoplexia hipofisaria, diminuicao do nivel de consciencia ou risco de perda visual aguda. O presente caso relata o manejo perioperatorio bem sucedido de urgencia de paciente do sexo masculino de 47 anos de idade com COVID‐19 que chegou ao Pronto Socorro com cefaleia frontal a esquerda que culminou com diplopia, ptose do olho esquerdo e perda de acuidade visual a esquerda apos 5 dias. A hipofisectomia transesfenoidal ocorreu sem intercorrencias e o paciente recebeu alta do hospital no quarto dia do pos‐operatorio. Adicionalmente, descrevemos em detalhe o algoritmo de manejo de via aerea da University of Mississippi Medical Center para pacientes infectados pelo novo coronavirus e que necessitam de atencao cirurgica de emergencia.

Rhodolith beds are one of the main habitats of the Brazilian Equatorial Margin continental shelf due to their wide extent and provision of ecosystem services. Northern, Central and Southern zones of the Amazon River mouth were sampled between water-depths of 23 and 120 m, covering a continental shelf area of 9500 km2, to characterize the structure and composition of rhodoliths along depth gradients and related river plume influence. The deepest rhodoliths consist of a thin algal/bryozoan/encrusting foraminifer cover around relatively large nuclei that determine the nodule size and shape. At 120-m depth in the Northern zone the nuclei are made of fragments of invertebrate boundstone or oolite rudstone, whereas at 100-m depth in the Central zone the nuclei consist of sandstone clasts. In both cases, the nuclei are fragments of sedimentary rocks that accumulated on the outer shelf during significantly lower sea level. Low-light levels prevent substantial growth of the algal cover around the nuclei. Reduced illumination an d high nutrient levels led to the composition of rhodoliths at 95-m depth in the Northern zone, predominantly built by bryozoans with subordinate coralline algae around small bioclastic nuclei. In the Central zone at 50–55 m depths, coralline algae are the main components of mostly sub-spheroidal rhodoliths. They have relatively recent ages of hundreds of years or show two phases of growth with the older phase beginning 1300 years ago and then being interrupted from about 1000 years BP to 600 years BP. All this suggests relatively high burial rates due to sediment flux, changing in time to favor exhumation after burial in some instances. The rhodoliths from 23 m in the Southern zone are growing under a low influence of the river plume and have the highest diversity of coralline algae and other builders. The rhodolith structure in the different sampling zones and depths reflects plume influence on light penetration, nutrient and organic matter levels, and sedimentation on the shelf, determining residence times of rhodoliths on the seafloor before burial.

The study of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori brought us interesting data on the history of mankind. Based on multi-locus sequence typing, it was possible to trace the migration of Homo sapiens all around the world, and to infer the time when he went Out of Africa. Beside these phylogeographic aspects, paleomicrobiology gave us important information on life in the Neolithic period, following the discovery of Ötzi, the Iceman, who was living in the Tyrolean Alps 5200 years ago, and from whom a Helicobacter pylori genome was sequenced. This review presents the data accumulated in these different fields.

host parasite interactions Meeting report, Paris, 5th December, 2007 Pedro F. Vale , Lucie Salvaudon *, Oliver Kaltz , Simon Fellous c,d a Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, West Mains Road, EH9 3JT Edinburgh, UK b Laboratoire Ecologie, Systematique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Univ Paris-Sud 11, Orsay Cedex, F-91405, CNRS, Orsay Cedex, F-91405, AgroParisTech, Orsay Cedex, F-91405, France UPMC Univ Paris 06, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive UMR 7103, 7 quai St. Bernard, 75252 Paris, France d Imperial College London at Silwood Park, SL5 7PY, Ascot, UK

The application of class F fly ash, cement and lime to the Stabilization/Solidification (S/S) of electric arc furnace dust containing hazardous metals such as Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr is described. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the setting conditions during the S/S treatment and to know the behaviour of an aged solidified and stabilized waste. In order to determine the efficiency attained by the S/S process, USEPA TCLP, and other leaching tests have been accomplished. In addition, the compressive strength of the solidified waste at different times has been determined. In order to study the influence of the environmental conditions in which setting occurs, experiments were carried out with samples of the same composition, under different setting conditions: laboratory environment, stove at a temperature of 40–60 °C and setting in a hermetically sealed plastic bag at room temperature. All the samples were subjected to the TCLP test at 28 days, and the metal content of the resulting leachates was analysed. The results show that in some cases the setting conditions of the mixtures have a noticeable influence on the characteristics of the leachate. The evolution with time of some S/S solids, one month after their manufacture and more than 9 years after that has also been evaluated, by means of their leaching behaviour. The results obtained in this work have shown, in all the laboratory cured samples that the leachate pH decrease in the course of time, and consequently the leaching behaviour is in general worse. This could be due to the carbonation of the S/S solid and the subsequent loss of alkalinity.