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The monkeypox outbreak of 2022 saw the first community-sustained transmission of the monkeypox virus outside of Africa, and rapidly developed into multi-country spread. A common presenting sign of monkeypox infection during this outbreak has been rectal pain due to proctitis. Proctitis with large hypoattenuated anorectal ulcers on CT scan should invoke consideration for monkeypox infection in young homosexual or bisexual men with associated skin eruptions.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has affected almost every country in the world, resulting in severe morbidity, mortality and economic hardship, and altering the landscape of healthcare forever. Although primarily a pulmonary illness, it can affect multiple organ systems throughout the body, sometimes with devastating complications and long-term sequelae. As we move into the second year of this pandemic, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the virus and the varied imaging findings of COVID-19 in the involved organs is crucial to better manage this complex multi-organ disease and to help improve overall survival. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of the virus along with a detailed and systematic imaging review of the extra-thoracic manifestation of COVID-19 with the exception of unique cardiothoracic features associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). In Part I, extra-thoracic manifestations of COVID-19 in the abdomen in adults and features of MIS-C will be reviewed. In Part II, manifestations of COVID-19 in the musculoskeletal, central nervous and vascular systems will be reviewed.

TLC-bioautography amalgamated with hyphenated spectroscopy aid in precise in situ detection of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical significance. TLC bioautography offers efficient and economical strategy in identifying compounds of interest from crude extracts. The present investigation has been focused on detection of antimicrobial metabolite from the culture broth of Nigrospora sphaerica inhabiting Croton bonplandianus Baill. The antimicrobial profiling confirmed the bioactive nigrosporalactone to possess broad-spectrum activity against test human pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentration values in the range 6.25 µg to 100 µg. The in silico studies revealed protein targets 1I01 (E. coli beta-ketoacyl reductase), 1IYL (C. albicans N-myristoyl transferase) had the highest binding score of -6.1 Kcal/mol.

Highly ordered mesoporous carbon materials with a high surface area and tunable pore diameters and functionalized surfaces have been synthesized using 3D mesoporous silica with different pore diameters as templates and expired carbonated softdrink, Coca-Cola ® as the sustainable and renewable source for carbon. The presence of carbonates and the chemicals in the soft drinks help to achieve both high porosity and functional groups on the surface of the final porous carbon products in a single step. Nitrogen adsorption and XRD results reveal that the obtained mesoporous carbon materials exhibit well-ordered porous structure and excellent textural properties such as high surface areas (1400–1810 m 2 g −1 ), large pore volumes (1.45–2.81 cm 3 g −1 ) and tunable pore sizes (3.5–5.2 nm). The presence of glucose and fructose together with the carbonate groups help to achieve a high porosity with both meso and micropores in the samples. It is found that the surface parameters can be easily controlled by tuning either the pore diameter of the template or the amount of the carbonated precursors. HRTEM and XRD results confirm a well-ordered mesoporous structure, similar to that of the templates. XPS and NEXAFS results confirmed the presence of nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur functionalities on the surface of the samples which may be useful for the electrochemical applications. The mesoporous carbon material with the highest specific surface area demonstrates excellent supercapacitance properties with the capacitance of 284 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 which is much higher than that of pristine mesoporous carbon CMK-3 with different pore diameters, nitrogen doped mesoporous carbons, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and activated carbons. The sample also shows excellent electrochemical stability even after 1,000 cycles. The possible reason for the high capacitance with excellent cyclic ability is due to its high surface area, 3D mesoporous structure with a combination of both meso and micropores and highly dispersed nitrogen and oxygen functionalities. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Austenitic stainless steel is one among the most commonly adopted materials for various engineering applications such as nuclear reactors, internals of vessels and valve body due to exceptional characteristics. Welding is an important process in manufacturing which helps to join the material in an effective manner, especially with help of laser welding. Corrosion is a phenomenon which huge contribution on environmental destruction also influences the all the metallic materials. It is a common issue for all the manufacturing industries such as petroleum, aerospace and marine. This present investigation an endeavor has been taken to analyze the corrosion rate with different mediums such as ferric chloride, nitric acid and Oxalic acid. The rate of corrosion has been assessed by weight loss method. The outcome of this experimentation witnessed that the rate of corrosion is increased with respect to temperature and time. Increase in temperature makes considerable chemical reactions which consequences significantly on the rate of corrosion. A comparison has been done to corrosion behavior of laser beam welded 304L Stainless steel samples and results are presented. The composition existing in the selected material contributes for reducing the corrosion rate especially in acidic environments.

Thermal spray coating is a surface modification technique that improves the properties of the metal surface. The basic principle of this technique is the combination of melting and acceleration. Thermal spray coatings are also classified as plasma spray, High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel, wire arc, detonation, and so on. Among the types of thermal spraying, the high-velocity Oxy-fuel process is a widely used technique in various applications. Chromium and tungsten carbide are used in down-hole drilling tools and gas turbine engines because of high resistance to wear, erosion, cavitation, high hardness, and toughness. In this review article, wear characteristics, corrosion analysis, hardness, surface roughness, and microstructure of thermal sprayed High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel - Tungsten Carbide coatings have been addressed.

This study evaluates an alternative solution for the economical replacement of fine aggregate with the M-sand and Non-Biodegradable wastes. To overcome the demand for river sand hence M-sand is preferred. In addition to that, Plastics are major wastes in municipal solid wastes in which milk covers and plastic bottles are unavoidable usage. In recent days plastic bottles belong to PET-Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (grade 1) and milk covers belong to LDPE-Low Density Poly Ethylene (grade 4) are commonly used which are Non-Biodegradable in nature. Hence in this work, as a solution to reduce wastes these two materials are partially replaced with M-sand as fine aggregate constituent individually and their optimum result that gives higher strength is compared. Then the compressive and flexural strength results of conventional, PET flakes and Milk cover replaced mortar cubes and slabs are determined and the both compressive and flexural strength of optimum shredded milk cover gives the higher value compared to conventional and PET flakes replaced specimen.

Bamboo fiber resources have fascinated extensive consideration as strengthening of polymer composites due to their ecological protection, reusability, recyclability and mechanical properties. The Bamboo Fiber laminate (BF) and Bamboo Fiber with Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Nanoparticle laminate (BFNP) composite were fabricated by the hand layup method. This article focuses on the investigation of mechanical properties such as hardness, impact strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of the bamboo fiber with and without the presence of Al2O3 NPs. The experiment results reveals that the increase in hardness, impact and tensile properties but decrease in the flexural strength for both composites.

In the existence era, the usage and need for Titanium (Ti) alloys has been increased for manufacturing weight-less products of machine-made automobile and aerospace tools with increased application of multi-material design. When compared to conventional manufacturing techniques, titanium and its alloys are categorized through better machinability, enhanced melting of temperature, great strength-to-weight ratio, lower thermal conductivity, and increased reaction to oxygen. In recent years, numerous assemblage systems have been pondered to manufacture Ti alloys but Laser Beam Welding (LBW) opens a worthwhile possibility towards other techniques for joining of titanium and alloys in industries due to its adaptability, great and explicit heat input, tractability. In optimal process circumstances, however there occurs a problem such as poor elongation and resistance to corrosion joined with lower fatigue properties, the strength-to-weight ratio of laser welded titanium alloys found to be approaching to unique material. In this study, a small review on the fatigue behaviour of laser welding titanium alloys has been analysed to enhance its mechanical properties, influence of process parameters, fracture mechanisms.

This paper investigates the behavior of Doubled skinned (DSCFT) composite hollow columns with steel tubes compressed under concentric axial loads. The DSCFT member is a new type of composite construction, which consists of two concentric steel tubes with geoploymer concrete sandwiched between them. Thus, DSCFT columns have a series of advantages, such as high strength, high bending stiffness, good seismic and fire performance, and also having favorable construction ability. The finite element analysis of the DSCFT circular column is conducted to validate the finite element model. The results obtained from the finite element investigation are compared with the strength values predicted using existing formulations in the analytical investigation. A good correlation was found between the values obtained.

In this present revision, an attempt has been prepared to include industrial wastes into the production of bricks using black cotton soil (BS), granite waste (GW) and fly ash (FA). Reusing such trashes by including them into construction materials is an applied solution for environmental toxic waste problems. This article represents the utilization of industrial waste in manufacturing of composite bricks and it can be used in building construction, the pollution and disposal problems can be reduced significantly. A new approach to the production of brick was carried out by using black cotton soil (BS), fly ash (FA) and granite waste (GW). The major problem in construction fields is the non-availability of adequate amount of construction materials on one side and on the other side disposal of waste material and dumping of granite waste causing a major environmental problem. It was detected from the experimental results. The mixture of block cotton soil (BS) brick has altered percentage of the FA and GW adding like 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%. In the analysis of the block cotton soil brick there are main four kind of the analysis is done. Compressive strength test, efflorescence test, water absorption test and weight analysis after burning the bricks.

Banana fiber is naturally available fiber material in enormous amount which is having good mechanical properties. We can utilize those properties in mechanical field by making highly demanded hybrid composite materials. This work carries the investigation of the Hybrid composite material which is prepared by reinforcing S2 glass fiber, banana fiber using Epoxy resin and hardener. Two different samples are prepared, one of the sample is prepared with treating the banana fiber with NaOH solution and another sample were fabricated without chemical treatment, fabrication is carried out by hand layup technique. The sample is prepared by layer formation and by distributing uniform constant load. Finally, fabricated samples are tested in tensile and flexural strength as per ASTM standards to compare the property of two samples. Finally, the results proved that NaOH treated sample exhibit high tensile strength and high flexural strength. The morphological analysis of SEM images shows that NaOH treated composites have well fined bonding structure and can be used for Engineering Applications.

The main purpose of this paper is to focus on the various possibilities of failure and preventive methods in the transfer feeder gear boxes. It also proposed that the various components which are used to design the gear boxes. The major failures causes in transfer feeder gear box due to lubrication contamination, overload, teeth misalignment, improper railtrack and output shaft because of poor design. To avoid these failures, it is necessary to reconstruct the gear box design model. This restructuring model in gear box improves the performances and reduces the overall maintenance cost.

In recent years, the flax fibers are used as a reinforcement material to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite material. Flax fibres are bio degradable, economical and exhibits unique mechanical properties compared to glass fibres reinforced polymers (GFRP). In contrast, the flax fibers are combined with thermoset, biodegradable and thermoplastic matrices have shown excellent mechanical properties. In this article, the hybrid composite of flax fibers and GFRP (F-GFRP) composites are made with various proportions like 15:55, 25:45, 35:35, 45:25 and 55:15. The various mechanical properties like tensile, impact and flexural strengths of the composites are evaluated by investigating the tensile, impact and flexural tests.

In this research paper, the glass powder which is obtained from the glass powder is utilized as filler material. Different volume fraction of glass powder was taken with polyester matrix material to prepare composite plate. The composite specimens were fabricated by vacuum bag molding method. The mechanical belongings such as tensile, flexural, and sway tests were evaluated. The maximum mechanical belongings were observed for the composite with 40 vol% glass powder is filler. Because of uniform dissemination, stress is made in view of applied burden is spread similarly. It additionally shows that holding among filler and network is better when contrasted with the composite with another of filler material. 50 vol% of filler that uncovers bunching of glass powder in the polyester composite.

Unconventional methods of material removal have been developed for fulfilling the difficulties of traditional machining and appealed to be a suitable alternate approach for traditional material removal. Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is one among the available advanced machining process that has been mainly adopted to machine hard materials. Proper use of intelligent decision making tools helps the manufacturer to attain benefits in manufacturing fields. Haste Alloy C276 is a nickel alloy, known as difficult to machine materials and exclusively used to various engineering files such as nuclear, gas and aerospace applications. Since it has higher strength and lower thermal conductivity, it has the tendency of reduced life of tool and poor machining performance by the use of traditional machining processes. This present investigation describes the analysis on process variables and development of neural network models for WEDM process. The experimental runs are planned and analyzed by Taguchi’s approach. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is adopted for attaining the Grey Relational Grade (GRG) for representing a multi-performance index. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been proposed to predict the Grey Relational Grade (GRG). Grey Relational Coefficient (GRC) values which are generated by the GRA method, given as input data for developing the Neural Network (NN) model to predict the desired multi-performance index (GRG). The closeness among the actual and predicted values are derived with the help of a comparative analysis.

Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) are engineering materials which combines two or more dissimilar materials to attain improved properties. In the present investigation, copper and Silicon Carbide (SiC) - Fly ash are used as the matrix and reinforcements phases respectively. The MMCs are produced by powder metallurgy. Two composites where prepared with Cu (95%) and SiC (5%), Cu (90%), and SiC (5%) and Fly Ash (5%) is mixed for reinforcements. By using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the microstructural analysis is done to assess the distribution of reinforcement particulates in the copper matrix phase. Dry sliding wear characteristics was studied by pin on disc tribometer.

In the present exploratory work, Calotropis Gigantea Stem (CGS) fiber-Flax Reinforced Natural Fiber Composites were fabricated by Compression Molding Method. The CGS composites were developed by using epoxy resin LY556 as the matrix material and the hardener-HY951 the organic fiber as the Support material. Then, the developed CGS composites were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties such as Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, and Impact Strength. Additionally, a Pin-on-Disc Wear tester was used for evaluating the wear properties of CGS composite materials. It was found that normal load played an important role in wear as well as friction. In the current investigation, at 30 N load, wear testing pairs exhibit the highest wear loss and high friction.

Nowadays, Organic fiber composites are utilized in different designing applications to expand the quality, upgrade the carrying load, and reduce the product cost. Untreated banana and jute fiber are taken to develop a hybrid natural composite for the current investigation. The specimen was produced using epoxy resin-LY556 as the matrix content and HY951 as hardener in compliance with the ASTM D-3039 / D-256 specification. The fibers are randomly chocked fiber using the hand-layup manufacturing technique. The wear tests were performed using an ASTM-G99 standard Pin-on - Disk wear tester. Wear test performed on prepared standard specimen with different percentages. It utilized to locate the most significant parameter that impacts the reactions. The outcomes showed that the applied load fundamentally impacts the reactions contrasted with sliding velocity and sliding distance.

The aim of this paper reviews the tribological properties of various polymers and polymer composites to understand its friction and wear behavior. It explores that the role of various lubrication in polymer tribology and the importance of green tribology. It deals with the rheological characters of various polymers to describe the flow characters for various manufacturing techniques. It enlightens the importance of using recyclable and biodegradable polymers for environmental safety. It digs out the polymers which are most suitable for fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. An attempt has been made to encapsulate the fundamental concepts in frictional, wear, flow characteristics and biodegradable nature of various polymers. This article mainly focuses on various behaviors and recent advancement in the area of polymers to a great extent. These aspects contribute to a strong basement for the future developments in the area of polymers and its applications.

Mycoendophytes have been a promising source of bioactive metabolites for new developments in pharmaceuticals and industrial relevance. During the screening of mycoendophytes diversity from C. bonplandianus, bioactive C. verrucosus CBF 22 was isolated from the leaf. The bioactive isolate was subjected to fermentation and the ethyl acetate fraction was evaluated for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion and microbroth dilution methods, followed by cytotoxicity using MTT assay. The results revealed significant activity against Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria, and human pathogenic dermatophytic fungi, C. albicans. The TLC Bioautography-Guided approach employed for the detection of antimicrobial metabolite from bioactive fraction was depicted by a zone of inhibition. Antimicrobial screening of mycoendophytes C. bonplandianus could envision a unique potential niche for bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical importance. These findings suggest C. verrucosus as a potent candidate for producing natural bioactives, to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. This work is the first report on the incidence of C. verrucosus as mycoendophyte and its bioactive potential of inhabiting C. bonplandianus Baill.

Symbiotic plant-microbe metabolic interactions not only have beneficial effects on plants but also contribute to rich, unmatched and complex chemical biodiversity with biological potential. Systematic delineated bioprospecting of fungal diversity associated with Ficus pumila Linn (Moraceae) for antimicrobial metabolite revealed Xylaria sp. FPL-25(M). The present study describes bioactivity guided fractionation prioritized for antimicrobial potential. Thus, chemical investigation of culture broth of Xylaria sp. FPL-25(M) by bioactivity guided fractionation with spectroscopic techniques revealed bioactive metabolite xylobovide-9-methyl ester. The xylobovide-9-methyl ester exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. However, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi were more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria. The present study results represent bioassay-based screening strategy which facilitates rapid, efficient and reliable approach for endophytic strain prioritization for novel bioactive molecules.