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Connectivity is the safety network for biodiversity conservation because connected habitats are more effective for saving the species and ecological functions. The nature of coupling for connectivity also plays an important role in the co-existence of species in cyclic-dominance. The rock-paper-scissors game is one of the paradigmatic mathematical model in evolutionary game theory to understand the mechanism of biodiversity in cyclic-dominance. In this paper, the metapopulation model for rock-paper-scissors with mutations is presented in which the total population is divided into patches and the patches form a network of complete graph. The migration among patches is allowed through simple random walk. The replicator-mutator equations are used with the migration term. When migration is allowed then the population of the patches will synchronized and attain stable state through Hopf bifurcation. Apart form this, two phases are observed when the strategies of one of the species mutate to other two species: co-existence of all the species phase and existence of one kind of species phase. The transition from one phase to another phase is taking place due to transcritical bifurcation. The dynamics of the population of species of rock, paper, scissors is studied in the environment of homogeneous and heterogeneous mutation. Numerical simulations have been performed when mutation is allowed in all the patches (homogeneous mutation) and some of the patches (heterogeneous mutation). It has been observed that when the number of patches is increased in the case of heterogeneous mutation then the population of any of the species will not extinct and all the species will co-exist.

In 1903, Epstein published his proof of meromorphic continuation and a functional equation for Dirichlet series associated with quadratic forms, now called Epstein zeta-functions. However, already in 1889 (or even earlier) Hurwitz was aware of these results as his mathematical diaries and some unpublished notes (in an almost final form) found in his estate at the ETH Zurich show. In this article we present and analyze Hurwitz's notes and compare his reasoning with Epstein's paper in detail.

Classic frameworks of rock-paper-scissors game have been assumed in a closed community that a density of each group is only affected by internal factors such as competition interplay among groups and reproduction itself. In real systems in ecological and social sciences, however, the survival and a change of a density of a group can be also affected by various external factors. One of common features in real population systems in ecological and social sciences is population flow that is characterized by population inflow and outflow in a group or a society, which has been usually overlooked in previous works on models of rock-paper-scissors game. In this paper, we suggest the rock-paper-scissors system by implementing population flow and investigate its effect on biodiversity. For two scenarios of either balanced or imbalanced population flow, we found that the population flow can strongly affect group diversity by exhibiting rich phenomena. In particular, while the balanced flow can only lead the persistent coexistence of all groups which accompanies a phase transition through supercritical Hopf bifurcation on different carrying simplices, the imbalanced flow strongly facilitates rich dynamics such as alternative stable survival states by exhibiting various group survival states and multistability of sole group survivals by showing not fully covered but spirally entangled basins of initial densities due to local stabilities of associated fixed points. In addition, we found that, the system can exhibit oscillatory dynamics for coexistence by relativistic interplay of population flows which can capture the robustness of the coexistence state. Applying population flow in the rock-paper-scissors system can ultimately change a community paradigm from closed to open one, and our foundation can eventually reveal that population flow can be also a significant factor on a group density which is independent to fundamental interactions among groups.

The translation into English of Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin's (1894–1959) 1926 paper entitled ‘Ideas of intuitionism and the struggle for a subject matter in contemporary mathematics’ is made available for the first time. Here, Khinchin presented the famous foundational debate between L.E.J. Brouwer and David Hilbert of the 1920s in terms of a search for a mathematics with content. His main aim seems to have been to make intuitionism ideologically acceptable to his audience at the Communist Academy by means of the claim that insofar as Brouwer's intuitionism had a clear ‘subject matter’ and Hilbert's new program was a concession to intuitionism, the alleged victory of intuitionism not only implied the defeat of ‘empty’ formalism, but also showed the compatibility and affinity of Marxism with the newest developments in modern mathematics. This introduction provides a tentative exploration of the issue of what was tactical (or due to ideological pressure) and what was real scientific interest (or due to ignorance) (or what was both) in Khinchin's 1926 paper in the form of a detailed commentary, especially, on the tactical side of his presentation of the positions of Brouwer and Hilbert.

We complete a gap in the proof that exceptional polynomials are complete orthogonal systems in the associated Hilbert spaces.

A left canonical factorization theorem for rational matrix functions relative to the unit circle is presented. The result is a time invariant version of a recent strict LU factorization theorem for certain semi-separable operators, due to Dewilde (2012) [6]. Explicit formulas for the factors are also given. The theorem is proved, first by using the state space method of Dewilde (2012) [6], and next by using an operator theory approach. In both cases the main part of the proof concerns rational matrix functions that are unitary on the unit circle. © 2012 Royal Dutch Mathematical Society (KWG).

Recently, Alaca et al. [Alaca et al., Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2006;29:1073–9] proved some fixed point theorems in intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces by a strong definition of Cauchy sequence (see [George and Veeramani, Fuzzy Sets Syst 1994;64:395–9] and [Veeramani and Vasuki, Fuzzy Sets Syst 2003;135:409–13]), also the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space has extra conditions (see [Gregori et al., Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2006;28:902–5]). In this paper, we consider generalized intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces i.e., L -fuzzy metric spaces and prove the fuzzy version of Banach and Edelstein contraction theorems in these spaces for modified definition of Cauchy sequence.

Complementing the work of T.-S. Liu and A.C.M. van Rooij we show that the existence of non-zero translation invariant operators between certain function spaces on a locally compact group implies its amenability.

The Award Committee – Peter Kritzer, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria and Jan Vybiral, Charles University, Czech Republic – determined that the following paper exhibits exceptional merit and therefore awarded the prize to: Bernd Carl, Aicke Hinrichs, and Philipp Rudolph for their paper ‘‘Entropy numbers of convex hulls in Banach spaces and applications’’, which appeared in October, 2014. Vol. 30, pp. 555–587. The $3000 prize will be divided between the winners. Each author will also receive a plaque.

In this paper, it is shown that von Neumann continuous geometry may be regarded as the first attempt towards formulating a general quantum spacetime geometry akin to that of Cantorian spacetime E(∞) and noncommutative geometry.

The Award Committee – Michael Gnewuch, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany and Friedrich Pillichshammer, Johannes Kepler University, Austria – determined that the following two papers exhibited exceptional merit and therefore awarded the prize to: ShuTezuka for his paper ‘‘On the discrepancy of generalizedNiederreiter sequences’’, which appeared in June–August, 2013. Vol. 29, pp. 240–247. Joos Heintz, Bart Kuijpers, and Andres Rojas Paredes for their paper ‘‘Software engineering and complexity in effective Algebraic Geometry’’, which appeared in February, 2013. Vol. 29, pp. 92–138. The $3000 prize will be divided between the winners. Each author will also receive a plaque.

In their 1993 paper, W. Goh and J. Wimp derive interesting asymptotics for the moments cn(?) ? cn = ?10tnd?(t), n = 0, 1, 2, ..., of some singular distributions ? (with support ? 0, 1]), which contain oscillatory terms. They suspect, that this is a general feature of singular distributions and that this behavior provides a striking contrast with what happens for absolutely continuous distributions. In the present note, however, we give an example of an absolutely continuous measure with asymptotics of moments containing oscillatory terms, and an example of a singular measure having very regular asymptotic behavior of its moments. Finally, we give a short proof of the fact that the drop-off rate of the moments is exactly the local measure dimension about 1 (if it exists).

The date of publication of Helmholtz's first paper on the foundations of geometry is discussed.

As early as the 16th century, Simon Jacob, a German reckoning master, noticed that the worst case in computing the greatest common divisor of two numbers by the Euclidean algorithm occurs if these numbers are equimultiples of two consecutive members of the Fibonacci sequence.

The unpublished scientific papers of Joseph Liouville located in the Institut de France in Paris have been investigated by several scholars in recent years, and it has been pointed out on a number of occasions that the Paris collection is incomplete. The present article analyzes the history of Liouville's unpublished papers and gives an initial survey of additional papers discovered in Bordeaux in 1983–1984. Besides the material originating from Liouville, the Bordeaux collection also contains many manuscripts of Charles-Francois Sturm which had long been searched for and had therefore been assumed by most to have been lost. Furthermore, there are documents connected with the transmission and editing of the unpublished papers of Evariste Galois, which were also once in Liouville's possession.

That Euler was quite aware of the subtleties of assigning a sum to a divergent series is amply demonstrated in his paper De seriebus divergentibus which appeared in Novi commentarii academiae scientiarum Petropolitanae 5 (1754/55), 205–237 (= Opera Omnia (1) 14, 585–617) in the year 1760. The first half of this paper contains a detailed exposition of Euler's views which should be more readily accessible to the mathematical community.The authors present here a translation from Latin of the summary and first twelve sections of Euler's paper with some explanatory comments. The remainder of the paper, treating Wallis' hypergeometric series and other technical matter, is described briefly. Appended is a short bibliography of works concerning Euler which are available to the English-speaking reader.

Brief mention is made of early work in the design of experiments by Galen, Avicenna, and Laplace, after which a seemingly unknown 1815 paper of Gergonne's on polynomial regression is introduced and discussed, and a translation of the paper presented.

It is pointed out that the proof of the basic result of Rahmanov's paper has a serious gap. It is documented by original sources that a statement he relied on in the proof contains a misprint, and it is shown by a counterexample that this statement (with the misprint) is, in fact, false. A somewhat weaker statement is proved true.

The purpose of this short paper is to present a new form of the so called early exercise premium for the American type derivatives. The decomposition we derived consists of the corresponding European derivative and a derivative with a stochastic maturity. In different particular cases we reach to the well known form for the American put option where the underlying asset is driven by a Brownian motion or a Levy process.

This short paper outlines the basic topological features of two new fuzzy Kahler manifolds in duality. Relation to E-infinity theory of the compactified Klein modular space in connection with ’t Hooft holographic principles is briefly discussed.

This paper based on the essay [1], studies in case that replicated observations are available in some experimental points, the parameters estimation of one dimensional linear errors-in-variables (EV) models. Asymptotic normality is established.