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Motivated by the paper Gerard-Varet and Dormy (2010) [6] [JAMS, 2010] about the linear ill-posedness for the Prandtl equations around a shear flow with exponential decay in normal variable, and the recent study of well-posedness on the Prandtl equations in Sobolev spaces, this paper aims to extend the result in [6] to the case when the shear flow has general decay. The key observation is to construct an approximate solution that captures the initial layer to the linearized problem motivated by the precise formulation of solutions to the inviscid Prandtl equations.

It is well-known that dyadic martingale transforms are a good model for Calderon–Zygmund singular integral operators. In this paper we extend some results on weighted norm inequalities to vector-valued functions. We prove that if W is an A 2 matrix weight, then the weighted L 2 -norm of a Calderon–Zygmund operator with cancellation has the same dependence on the A 2 characteristic of W as the weighted L 2 -norm of an appropriate matrix martingale transform. Thus the question of the dependence of the norm of matrix-weighted Calderon–Zygmund operators on the A 2 characteristic of the weight is reduced to the case of dyadic martingales and paraproducts. We also show a slightly different proof for the special case of Calderon–Zygmund operators with even kernel, where only scalar martingale transforms are required. We conclude the paper by proving a version of the matrix-weighted Carleson Embedding Theorem. Our method uses a Bellman function technique introduced by S. Treil to obtain the right estimates for the norm of dyadic Haar shift operators. We then apply the representation theorem of T. Hytonen to extend the result to general Calderon–Zygmund operators.

This paper is a continue work of [4,5]. In the previous two papers, we studied the Cauchy problem of the multi-dimensional compressible Euler equations with time-depending damping term - μ ( 1 + t ) λ ρ u , where λ≥0 and μ > 0 are constants. We have showed that, for all λ≥0 and μ>0, the smooth solution to the Cauchy problem exists globally or blows up in finite time. In the present paper, instead of the Cauchy problem we consider the initial-boundary value problem in the half space ℝ d + with space dimension d = 2,3. With the help of the special structure of the equations and the fluid vorticity, we overcome the difficulty arisen from the boundary effect. We prove that there exists a global smooth solution for 0 ≤ λ

In this paper, we consider a von Karman equation with infinite memory. For von Karman equations with finite memory, there is a lot of literature concerning on existence of the solutions, decay of the energy, and existence of the attractors. However, there are few results on existence and energy decay rate of the solutions for von Karman equations with infinite memory. The main goal of the present paper is to generalize previous results by treating infinite history instead of finite history.

This paper investigates the orbital stability of periodic traveling wave solutions to the generalized Zakharov equations { i u t + u x x = u v + | u | 2 u , v t t - v x x = ( | u | 2 ) x x . First, we prove the existence of a smooth curve of positive traveling wave solutions of dnoidal type with a fixed fundamental period L for the generalized Zakharov equations. Then, by using the classical method proposed by Benjamin, Bona et al., we show that this solution is orbitally stable by perturbations with period L. The results on the orbital stability of periodic traveling wave solutions for the generalized Zakharov equations in this paper can be regarded as a perfect extension of the results of [15, 16, 19].

In this paper, the Taylor sequence space t p θ of non-absolute type is introduced which consists of all sequences whose Taylor transforms of order θ , ( 0 θ 1 ) , are in the space l p . It is shown that the space t p θ is a normed space which includes the space l p where 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ . Moreover, in this paper a general upper estimate is obtained for the norm of Hausdorff matrices and Norlund matrices as operators from l p into the Taylor sequence space t p θ . Finally, the results are extended to the matrix domain of an arbitrary invertible matrix E in the sequence space l p .

In a recent paper [5] S. Solecki proved a finite self-dual Ramsey theorem that extends simultaneously the classical finite Ramsey theorem [4] and the Graham–Rothschild theorem [2] . In this paper we prove the corresponding infinite dimensional version of the self-dual theorem. As a consequence, we extend the classical infinite Ramsey theorem [4] and the Carlson–Simpson theorem [1] .

In this expository paper, we give a complete proof of van den Essen’s theorem that the de Rham cohomology spaces of a holonomic D -module are finite-dimensional in the case of a formal power series ring over a field of characteristic zero. This proof requires results from at least five of van den Essen’s papers as well as his unpublished thesis, and until now has not been available in a self-contained document.

In a paper in 1962, Guido Zappa asked whether a non-trivial coset of a Sylow p-subgroup of a finite group could contain only elements whose orders are powers of p, and also in that case, at least one element of order p. The first question was raised again recently in a 2014 paper by Daniel Goldstein and Robert Guralnick, when generalising an answer by John Thompson in 1967 to a similar question by L.J. Paige. In this paper we give a positive answer to both questions of Zappa, showing somewhat surprisingly that in a number of non-abelian finite simple groups (including PSL ( 3 , 4 ) , PSU ( 5 , 2 ) and the Janko group J 3 ), some non-trivial coset of a Sylow 5-subgroup (of order 5) contains only elements of order 5. Also Zappa's first question is studied in more detail. Various possibilities for the group and its Sylow p-subgroup P are eliminated, and it then follows that | P | ≥ 5 and | P | ≠ 8 . It is an open question as to whether the order of the Sylow p-subgroup can be 7 or 9 or more.

Reduction theory has played a major role in the study of Hamiltonian systems. Whilst the Hamilton–Jacobi theory is one of the main tools to integrate the dynamics of certain Hamiltonian problems and a topic of research on its own. Moreover, the construction of several symplectic integrators relies on approximations of a complete solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. The natural question that we address in this paper is how these two topics (reduction and Hamilton–Jacobi theory) fit together. We obtain a reduction and reconstruction procedure for the Hamilton–Jacobi equation with symmetries, even in a generalized sense to be clarified below. Several applications and relations to other reduction of the Hamilton–Jacobi theory are shown in the last section of the paper. It is remarkable that as by-product we obtain a generalization of the Ge–Marsden reduction procedure [18] and the results in [17] . Quite surprisingly, the classical ansatze available in the literature to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi equation (see [2] , [19] ) are also particular instances of our framework.

Behavior of the entropy numbers of classes of multivariate functions with mixed smoothness is studied here. This problem has a long history and some fundamental problems in the area are still open. The main goal of this paper is to develop a new method of proving the upper bounds for the entropy numbers. This method is based on recent developments of nonlinear approximation, in particular, on greedy approximation. This method consists of the following two steps strategy. At the first step we obtain bounds of the best m -term approximations with respect to a dictionary. At the second step we use general inequalities relating the entropy numbers to the best m -term approximations. For the lower bounds we use the volume estimates method, which is a well known powerful method for proving the lower bounds for the entropy numbers. It was used in a number of previous papers.

Let E be an elliptic curve defined over an algebraically closed field k whose characteristic is not 2 or 3. Let τ be a translation automorphism of E that is not of order 2. In a previous paper we studied an algebra A = A ( E , τ ) that depends on this data: A ( E , τ ) = ( S ( E , τ ) ⊗ M 2 ( k ) ) Γ where S ( E , τ ) is the 4-dimensional Sklyanin algebra associated to ( E , τ ) , M 2 ( k ) is the ring of 2 × 2 matrices over k, and Γ is ( Z / 2 ) × ( Z / 2 ) acting in a particular way as automorphisms of S and M 2 ( k ) . The action of Γ on S is compatible with the translation action of the 2-torsion subgroup E [ 2 ] on E. Following the ideas and results in papers of Artin–Tate–Van den Bergh, Smith–Stafford, and Levasseur–Smith, this paper examines the line modules, point modules, and fat point modules, over A, and their incidence relations. The right context for the results is non-commutative algebraic geometry: we view A as a homogeneous coordinate ring of a non-commutative analogue of P 3 that we denote by Proj n c ( A ) . Point modules and fat point modules determine “points” in Proj n c ( A ) . Line modules determine “lines” in Proj n c ( A ) . Line modules for A are in bijection with certain lines in P ( A 1 ⁎ ) ≅ P 3 and therefore correspond to the closed points of a certain subscheme L of the Grassmannian G ( 1 , 3 ) . Shelton–Vancliff call L the line scheme for A. We show that L is the union of 7 reduced and irreducible components, 3 quartic elliptic space curves and 4 plane conics in the ambient Plucker P 5 , and that deg ⁡ ( L ) = 20 . The union of the lines corresponding to the points on each elliptic curve is an elliptic scroll in P ( A 1 ⁎ ) . Thus, the lines on that elliptic scroll are in natural bijection with a corresponding family of line modules for A.

This is the second article of the two papers, in which we investigate the holomorphic and formal flattening problem of a non-degenerate CR singular point of a codimension two real submanifold in C n with n ≥ 3 . The problem is motivated from the study of the complex Plateau problem that looks for the Levi-flat hypersurface bounded by a given real submanifold and by the classical complex analysis problem of finding the local hull of holomorphy of a real submanifold in a complex space. The present article is focused on non-degenerate flat CR singular points with at least one non-parabolic Bishop invariant. We will solve the formal flattening problem in this setting. The results in this paper and those in [23] are taken from our earlier arxiv post [22] . We split [22] into two independent articles to avoid it being too long.

In a recent paper, Byrnes et al. (2014) have developed some recurrence relations for the hypergeometric zeta functions. Moreover, the authors made two conjectures for arithmetical properties of the denominators of the reduced fraction of the hypergeometric Bernoulli numbers. In this paper, we prove these conjectures using some recurrence relations. Furthermore, we assert that the above properties hold for both Carlitz and Howard numbers.

In this paper we study the representation theory of filtered algebras with commutative associated graded whose spectrum has finitely many symplectic leaves. Examples are provided by the algebras of global sections of quantizations of symplectic resolutions, quantum Hamiltonian reductions, and spherical symplectic reflection algebras. We introduce the notion of holonomic modules for such algebras. We show that, provided the algebraic fundamental groups of all leaves are finite, the generalized Bernstein inequality holds for the simple modules and turns into equality for holonomic simples. Under the same finiteness assumption, we prove that the associated variety of a simple holonomic module is equi-dimensional. We also prove that, if the regular bimodule has finite length, then any holonomic module has finite length. This allows one to reduce the Bernstein inequality for arbitrary modules to simple ones. We prove that the regular bimodule has finite length for the global sections of quantizations of symplectic resolutions, for quantum Hamiltonian reductions and for Rational Cherednik algebras. The paper contains a joint appendix by the author and Etingof that motivates the definition of a holonomic module in the case of global sections of a quantization of a symplectic resolution.

This paper is devoted to the study of some fundamental problems on modulus and extremal length of curve families, capacity, and n-harmonic functions in the Euclidean space R n . One of the main goals is to establish the existence, uniqueness, and boundary behavior of the extremal function for the conformal capacity cap ( A , B ; Ω ) of a capacitor in R n . This generalizes some well known results and has its own interests in geometric function theory and potential theory. It is also used as a major ingredient in this paper to establish a sharp upper bound for the quasiextremal distance (or QED) constant M ( Ω ) of a domain in terms of its local boundary quasiconformal reflection constant H ( Ω ) , a bound conjectured by Shen in the plane. Along the way, several interesting results are established for modulus and extremal length. One of them is a decomposition theorem for the extremal length λ ( A , B ; Ω ) of the curve family joining two disjoint continua A and B in a domain Ω.

In this paper, we construct a new two-dimensional convergent scheme to solve Cauchy problem of following two-dimensional scalar conservation law { ∂ t u + ∂ x f ( u ) + ∂ y g ( u ) = 0 , u ( x , y , 0 ) = u 0 ( x , y ) . In which initial data can be unbounded. Although the existence and uniqueness of the weak entropy solution are obtained, little is known about how to investigate two-dimensional or higher dimensional conservation law by the schemes based on wave interaction of 2D Riemann solutions and their estimation. So we construct such scheme in our paper and get some new results.

In this paper we introduce Laguerre expansions to approximate vector-valued functions. We apply this result to approximate C 0 -semigroups and resolvent operators in abstract Banach spaces. We study certain Laguerre functions in order to estimate the rate of convergence of these expansions. Finally, we illustrate the main results of this paper with some examples: shift, convolution and holomorphic semigroups, where the rate of convergence is improved.

The focus of this paper commences with an examination of three (not obviously related) pages in Ramanujan's lost notebook, pages 336, 335, and 332, in decreasing order of attention. On page 336, Ramanujan proposes two identities, but the formulas are wrong – each is vitiated by divergent series. We concentrate on only one of the two incorrect “identities,” which may have been devised to attack the extended divisor problem. We prove here a corrected version of Ramanujan's claim, which contains the convergent series appearing in it. The convergent series in Ramanujan's faulty claim is similar to one used by G.F. Voronoi, G.H. Hardy, and others in their study of the classical Dirichlet divisor problem. This now brings us to page 335, which comprises two formulas featuring doubly infinite series of Bessel functions, the first being conjoined with the classical circle problem initiated by Gauss, and the second being associated with the Dirichlet divisor problem. The first and fourth authors, along with Sun Kim, have written several papers providing proofs of these two difficult formulas in different interpretations. In this monograph, we return to these two formulas and examine them in more general settings. The aforementioned convergent series in Ramanujan's “identity” is also similar to one that appears in a curious identity found in Chapter 15 in Ramanujan's second notebook, written in a more elegant, equivalent formulation on page 332 in the lost notebook. This formula may be regarded as a formula for ζ ( 1 2 ) , and in 1925, S. Wigert obtained a generalization giving a formula for ζ ( 1 k ) for any even integer k ≥ 2 . We extend the work of Ramanujan and Wigert in this paper. The Voronoi summation formula appears prominently in our study. In particular, we generalize work of J.R. Wilton and derive an analogue involving the sum of divisors function σ s ( n ) . The modified Bessel functions K s ( x ) arise in several contexts, as do Lommel functions. We establish here new series and integral identities involving modified Bessel functions and modified Lommel functions. Among other results, we establish a modular transformation for an infinite series involving σ s ( n ) and modified Lommel functions. We also discuss certain obscure related work of N.S. Koshliakov. We define and discuss two new related classes of integral transforms, which we call Koshliakov transforms, because he first found elegant special cases of each.

In this paper we introduce a counterpart structure to the shamrocks studied in the paper A dual of Macmahon's theorem on plane partitions by M. Ciucu and C. Krattenthaler (2013) [5] , which, just like the latter, can be included at the center of a lattice hexagon on the triangular lattice so that the region obtained from the hexagon by removing it has its number of lozenge tilings given by a simple product formula. The new structure, called a fern, consists of an arbitrary number of equilateral triangles of alternating orientations lined up along a lattice line. The shamrock and the fern seem to be the only such connected structures with this property. It would be interesting to understand the reason for this.

In the first part of the paper we introduce some geometric tools needed to describe slow–fast Hamiltonian systems on smooth manifolds. We start with a smooth bundle p : M → B where ( M , ω ) is a C ∞ -smooth presymplectic manifold with a closed constant rank 2-form ω and ( B , λ ) is a smooth symplectic manifold. The 2-form ω is supposed to be compatible with the structure of the bundle, that is the bundle fibers are symplectic manifolds with respect to the 2-form ω and the distribution on M generated by kernels of ω is transverse to the tangent spaces of the leaves and the dimensions of the kernels and of the leaves are supplementary. This allows one to define a symplectic structure Ω e = ω + e − 1 p ∗ λ on M for any positive small e , where p ∗ λ is the lift of the 2-form λ to M . Given a smooth Hamiltonian H on M one gets a slow–fast Hamiltonian system with respect to Ω e . We define a slow manifold S M for this system. Assuming S M is a smooth submanifold, we define a slow Hamiltonian flow on S M . The second part of the paper deals with singularities of the restriction of p to S M . We show that if dim M = 4 , dim B = 2 and Hamilton function H is generic, then the behavior of the system near a singularity of fold type is described, to the main order, by the equation Painleve-I, and if this singularity is a cusp, then the related equation is Painleve-II.

In this paper, we prove the existence and the global exponential stability of the unique weighted pseudo almost-periodic solution of shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks with mixed time-varying delays comprising different discrete and distributed time delays. Some sufficient conditions are given for the existence and the global exponential stability of the weighted pseudo almost-periodic solution by employing fixed point theorem and differential inequality techniques. The results of this paper complement the previously known ones. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.

This paper concerns approximate cloaking by mapping for a full, but scalar wave equation, when one allows for physically relevant frequency dependence of the material properties of the cloak. The paper is a natural continuation of [20] , but here we employ the Drude–Lorentz model in the cloaking layer, that is otherwise constructed by an approximate blow up transformation of the type introduced in [10] . The central mathematical problem is to analyze the effect of a small inhomogeneity in the context of this non-local full wave equation.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the split equality variational inclusion problems in the setting of Banach spaces. For solving this kind of problems, some new iterative algorithms are proposed. Under suitable conditions, some strong convergence theorems for the sequences generated by the proposed algorithm are proved. As applications, we shall utilize the results presented in the paper to study the split equality feasibility problems in Banach spaces and the split equality equilibrium problem in Banach spaces. The results presented in the paper are new.

This paper is a continuation of the papers [21] and [22]. Here we shall investigate the asymptotic behaviour of Weyl and Bernstein numbers of embeddings of Sobolev spaces with dominating mixed smoothness into Lebesgue spaces., 33 pages

In this paper we consider a punctured Riemann surface endowed with a Hermitian metric which equals the Poincar\'e metric near the punctures and a holomorphic line bundle which polarizes the metric. We show that the Bergman kernel can be localized around the singularities and its local model is the Bergman kernel of the punctured unit disc endowed with the standard Poincar\'e metric. As a consequence, we obtain an optimal uniform estimate of the supremum norm of the Bergman kernel, involving a fractional growth order of the tensor power., Comment: 42 pages, 2 figures; v.2 is a final update to agree with the published paper

In this paper we describe the Hopf algebra approach to the center problem for the differential equation d v d x = ∑ i = 1 ∞ a i ( x ) v i + 1 , x ∈ [ 0 , T ] , and study some combinatorial properties of the first return map of this equation. The paper summarizes and extends previously developed approaches to the center problem due to Devlin and the author.

In this paper, we prove that the algebra of an \'etale groupoid with totally disconnected unit space has a simple algebra over a field if and only if the groupoid is minimal and effective and the only function of the algebra that vanishes on every open subset is the null function. Previous work on the subject required the groupoid to be also topologically principal in the non-Hausdorff case, but we do not. Furthermore, we provide the first examples of minimal and effective but not topologically principal \'etale groupoids with totally disconnected unit spaces. Our examples come from self-similar group actions of uncountable groups. More generally, we show that the essential algebra of an \'etale groupoid (the quotient by the ideal of functions vanishing on every open set), is simple if and only if the groupoid is minimal and topologically free, generalizing to the algebraic setting a recent result for essential $C^*$-algebras. The main application of our work is to provide a description of the simple contracted inverse semigroup algebras, thereby answering a question of Munn from the seventies. Using Galois descent, we show that simplicity of \'etale groupoid and inverse semigroup algebras depends only on the characteristic of the field and can be lifted from positive characteristic to characteristic $0$. We also provide examples of inverse semigroups and \'etale groupoids with simple algebras outside of a prescribed set of prime characteristics., Comment: Revisions after a referee report. We define the essential algebra of an ample groupoid as the quotient of the Steinberg algebra by its ideal of singular functions and we prove that the essential algebra is simple if and only if the groupoid is minimal and topologically free. When the singular ideal vanishes, one recovers the simplicity result of the previous version of the paper

In this paper we formulate and prove a general theorem of stability of exactness properties under the pro-completion, which unifies several such theorems in the literature and gives many more. The theorem depends on a formal approach to exactness properties proposed in this paper, which is based on the theory of sketches. Our stability theorem has applications in proving theorems that establish links between exactness properties, as well as in establishing embedding (representation) theorems for classes of categories defined by exactness properties.

This paper focuses on the 3D incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with mixed partial dissipation and magnetic diffusion. Our main result assesses the global stability of perturbations near the steady solution given by a background magnetic field. The stability problem on the MHD equations with partial or no dissipation has attracted considerable interests recently and there are substantial developments. The new stability result presented here is among the very few stability conclusions currently available for ideal or partially dissipated MHD equations. As a special consequence of the techniques introduced in this paper, we obtain the small data global well-posedness for the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations without vertical dissipation., Comment: Submitted to Advances in Mathematics on December 28, 2018

The main aim of this paper is to prove novel results on stability of the semi-Fredholm property of operators on interpolation spaces generated by interpolation functors. The methods are based on some general ideas we develop in the paper. This allows us to extend some previous work in literature to the abstract setting. We show an application to interpolation methods introduced by Cwikel–Kalton–Milman–Rochberg which includes, as special cases, the real and complex methods up to equivalence of norms and also some other well known methods of interpolation. A by-product of these results get the stability of isomorphisms on Calderon products of Banach function lattices. We also study the important characteristics in operator Banach space theory, the so-called modules of injection and surjection, and we prove interpolation estimates of these modules of operators on scales of the Calderon complex interpolation spaces.

Let q be a prime, P ⩾ 1 and let N q ( P ) denote the number of rational primes p ⩽ P that split in the imaginary quadratic field Q ( − q ) . The first part of this paper establishes various unconditional and conditional (under existence of a Siegel zero) lower bounds for N q ( P ) in the range q 1 / 4 + e ⩽ P ⩽ q , for any fixed e > 0 . This improves upon what is implied by work of Pollack and Benli–Pollack. The second part of this paper is dedicated to proving an estimate for a bilinear form involving Weyl sums for modular square roots (equivalently Salie sums). Our estimate has a power saving in the so-called Polya–Vinogradov range, and our methods involve studying an additive energy coming from quadratic residues in F q . This bilinear form is inspired by the recent automorphic motivation: the second moment for twisted L-functions attached to Kohnen newforms has recently been computed by the first and fourth authors. So the third part of this paper links the above two directions together and outlines the arithmetic applications of this bilinear form. These include the equidistribution of quadratic roots of primes, products of primes, and relaxations of a conjecture of Erdős–Odlyzko–Sarkozy.

We study the approximation of compact linear operators defined over certain weighted tensor product Hilbert spaces. The information complexity is defined as the minimal number of arbitrary linear functionals needed to obtain an e -approximation for the d -variate problem which is fully determined in terms of the weights and univariate singular values. Exponential tractability means that the information complexity is bounded by a certain function that depends polynomially on d and logarithmically on e − 1 . The corresponding unweighted problem was studied in Hickernell et al. (2020) with many negative results for exponential tractability. The product weights studied in the present paper change the situation. Depending on the form of polynomial dependence on d and logarithmic dependence on e − 1 , we study exponential strong polynomial, exponential polynomial, exponential quasi-polynomial, and exponential ( s , t ) -weak tractability with max ( s , t ) ≥ 1 . For all these notions of exponential tractability, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions on weights and univariate singular values for which it is indeed possible to achieve the corresponding notion of exponential tractability. The case of exponential ( s , t ) -weak tractability with max ( s , t ) 1 is left for future study. The paper uses some general results obtained in Hickernell et al. (2020) and Kritzer and Woźniakowski (2019).

In this paper, we prove that the quantum toroidal algebra of gl_n is isomorphic to the double shuffle algebra of Feigin and Odesskii for the cyclic quiver. The shuffle algebra viewpoint will allow us to prove a factorization formula for the universal R-matrix of the quantum toroidal algebra., The previous version of this paper was broken into two parts: the present version contains the representation-theoretic half (to which we added a number of additional results) and the geometric half has been moved to arXiv:1811.01011

If $M$ is a finite volume complete hyperbolic $3$-manifold, the quantity $\mathcal A_1(M)$ is defined as the infimum of the areas of closed minimal surfaces in $M$. In this paper we study the continuity property of the functional $\mathcal A_1$ with respect to the geometric convergence of hyperbolic manifolds. We prove that it is lower semi-continuous and even continuous if $\mathcal A_1(M)$ is realized by a minimal surface satisfying some hypotheses. Understanding the interaction between minimal surfaces and short geodesics in $M$ is the main theme of this paper, Comment: 35 pages, 4 figures

In this paper we study d -variate approximation for weighted Korobov spaces in the worst-case setting. The considered algorithms use finitely many evaluations of arbitrary linear functionals. We give matching necessary and sufficient conditions for some notions of tractability in terms of two weight parameters. Our result is an affirmative answer to a problem which is left open in a recent paper of Kritzer, Pillichshammer and Wo?niakowski.

This paper is concerned with the global exponential stability of time periodic traveling fronts of reaction-advection-diffusion equations with time periodic bistable nonlinearity in infinite cylinders. It is well known that such traveling fronts exist and are asymptotically stable. In this paper, we further show that such fronts are globally exponentially stable. The main difficulty is to construct appropriate supersolutions and subsolutions.

We consider models given by Hamiltonians of the form H ( I , φ , p , q , t ; e ) = h ( I ) + ∑ j = 1 n ± ( 1 2 p j 2 + V j ( q j ) ) + e Q ( I , φ , p , q , t ; e ) where I ∈ I ⊂ R d , φ ∈ T d , p , q ∈ R n , t ∈ T 1 . These are higher dimensional analogues, both in the center and hyperbolic directions, of the models studied in [28] , [29] , [43] and are usually called “a-priori unstable Hamiltonian systems”. All these models present the large gap problem. We show that, for 0 e ≪ 1 , under regularity and explicit non-degeneracy conditions on the model, there are orbits whose action variables I perform rather arbitrary excursions in a domain of size O ( 1 ) . This domain includes resonance lines and, hence, large gaps among d-dimensional KAM tori. This phenomenon is known as Arnold diffusion. The method of proof follows closely the strategy of [28] , [29] . The main new phenomenon that appears when the dimension d of the center directions is larger than one is the existence of multiple resonances in the space of actions I ∈ I ⊂ R d . We show that, since these multiple resonances happen in sets of codimension greater than one in the space of actions I, they can be contoured. This corresponds to the mechanism called diffusion across resonances in the Physics literature. The present paper, however, differs substantially from [28] , [29] . On the technical details of the proofs, we have taken advantage of the theory of the scattering map developed in [31] —notably the symplectic properties—which were not available when the above papers were written. We have analyzed the conditions imposed on the resonances in more detail. More precisely, we have found that there is a simple condition on the Melnikov potential which allows us to conclude that the resonances are crossed. In particular, this condition does not depend on the resonances. So that the results are new even when applied to the models in [28] , [29] .

Let G be a locally compact group, B ( G ) the Fourier–Stieltjes algebra of G and B 0 ( G ) = B ( G ) ∩ C 0 ( G ) . The space B 0 ( G ) is a closed ideal of B ( G ) . In this paper, we study the Banach algebra B 0 ( G ) under various aspects. The main emphasis is on regularity and the existence of various kinds of approximate identities, the question of when the quotient of B 0 ( G ) modulo the Fourier algebra A ( G ) is radical, the Bochner–Schoenberg–Eberlein property and a characterization of elements in B 0 ( G ) in terms of continuity of translation properties. The paper also contains a number of illustrating examples.

This paper studies the approximation of the Hilbert transform f ? = H f of continuous functions f with continuous conjugate f ? based on a finite number of samples. It is known that every sequence { H N f } N ? N which approximates f ? from samples of f diverges (weakly) with respect to the uniform norm. This paper conjectures that all of these approximation sequences even contain no convergent subsequence. A property which is termed strong divergence.The conjecture is supported by two results. First it is proven that the sequence of the sampled conjugate Fejer means diverges strongly. Second, it is shown that for every sample based approximation method { H N } N ? N there are functions f such that ? H N f ? ∞ exceeds any given bound for any given number of consecutive indices N .As an application, the later result is used to investigate a problem associated with a question of Ul'yanov on Fourier series which is related to the possibility to construct adaptive approximation methods to determine the Hilbert transform from sampled data. This paper shows that no such approximation method with a finite search horizon exists.

Stability in distribution, implying the existence of the invariant probability measure, is an important measure of stochastic hybrid system. However, the effect of Levy jumps on the stability in distribution is still unclear. In this paper, we consider a n-species competitive Lotka–Volterra model with Levy jumps under regime-switching. First, we prove the existence of the global positive solution, obtain the upper and lower boundedness. Then, asymptotic stability in distribution as the main result of our paper is derived under some sufficient conditions. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to support our theoretical results and a brief discussion is given.

In the first edition of Classification Theory, the second author characterized the stable theories in terms of saturation of ultrapowers. Prior to this theorem, stability had already been defined in terms of counting types, and the unstable formula theorem was known. A contribution of the ultrapower characterization was that it involved sorting out the global theory, and introducing nonforking, seminal for the development of stability theory. Prior to the present paper, there had been no such ultrapower characterization of an unstable class. In the present paper, we first establish the existence of so-called optimal ultrafilters on (suitable) Boolean algebras, which are to simple theories as Keisler's good ultrafilters [15] are to all (first-order) theories. Then, assuming a supercompact cardinal, we characterize the simple theories in terms of saturation of ultrapowers. To do so, we lay the groundwork for analyzing the global structure of simple theories, in ZFC, via complexity of certain amalgamation patterns. This brings into focus a fundamental complexity in simple unstable theories having no real analogue in stability.

In this paper we consider the following critical nonlocal problem { − L K u = λ u + | u | 2 ⁎ − 2 u in Ω u = 0 in R n ∖ Ω , where s ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , Ω is an open bounded subset of R n , n > 2 s , with continuous boundary, λ is a positive real parameter, 2 ⁎ : = 2 n / ( n − 2 s ) is the fractional critical Sobolev exponent, while L K is the nonlocal integrodifferential operator L K u ( x ) : = ∫ R n ( u ( x + y ) + u ( x − y ) − 2 u ( x ) ) K ( y ) d y , x ∈ R n , whose model is given by the fractional Laplacian − ( − Δ ) s . Along the paper, we prove a multiplicity and bifurcation result for this problem, using a classical theorem in critical points theory. Precisely, we show that in a suitable left neighborhood of any eigenvalue of − L K (with Dirichlet boundary data) the number of nontrivial solutions for the problem under consideration is at least twice the multiplicity of the eigenvalue. Hence, we extend the result got by Cerami, Fortunato and Struwe in [14] for classical elliptic equations, to the case of nonlocal fractional operators.

Konig's paradox, that he presented for the first time in 1905, preserved the same structure in all his papers: there was a number that at the same time was and was not finitely definable. Still, he changed the way for forming it, and both its consequences and its solutions changed as well. In the present paper we are going to follow the story of Konig's paradox, that is an intriguing mix of labelling, solving, criticising an “object” from different viewpoints and for different aims.

Using results in a previous paper "Non-semistable exceptional objects in hereditary categories", we focus here on studying the topology of the space of Bridgeland stability conditions on $D^b(Rep_k(Q ))$, where $Q$ is the acyclic triangular quiver (the underlying graph is the extended Dynkin diagram $\widetilde{\mathbb A}_2$). In particular, we prove that this space is contractible (in the previous paper it was shown that it is connected)., Comment: 51 pages

International audience; In this paper, we consider a vibrating system of Timoshenko-type in a one-dimensional bounded domain with complementary frictional damping and infinite memory acting on the transversal displacement. We show that the dissipation generated by these two complementary controls guarantees the stability of the system in case of the equal-speed propagation as well as in the opposite case. We establish in each case a general decay estimate of the solutions. In the particular case when the wave propagation speeds are different and the frictional damping is linear, we give a relationship between the smoothness of the initial data and the decay rate of the solutions. By the end of the paper, we discuss some applications to other Timoshenko-type systems.

This paper is concerned with a singular limit for the one-dimensional compressible radiation hydrodynamics model. The singular limit we consider corresponds to the physical problem of letting the Bouguer number infinite while keeping the Boltzmann number constant. In the case when the corresponding Euler system admits a contact discontinuity wave, Wang and Xie (2011) [12] recently verified this singular limit and proved that the solution of the compressible radiation hydrodynamics model converges to the strong contact discontinuity wave in the L∞-norm away from the discontinuity line at a rate of e 1 4 , as the reciprocal of the Bouguer number tends to zero. In this paper, Wang and Xie's convergence rate is improved to e 7 8 by introducing a new a priori assumption and some refined energy estimates. Moreover, it is shown that the radiation flux q tends to zero in the L∞-norm away from the discontinuity line, at a convergence rate as the reciprocal of the Bouguer number tends to zero.

In this paper, we generalize the notion of Kantorovich-type sampling operators using the Fejer-type singular integral. By means of these operators we are able to reconstruct signals (functions) which are not necessarily continuous. Moreover, our generalization allows us to take the measurement error into account. The goal of this paper is to estimate the rate of approximation by the above operators via high-order modulus of smoothness.

This paper considers the problem of approximating the spectral factor of continuous spectral densities with finite Dirichlet energy based on finitely many samples of these spectral densities. Although there exists a closed form expression for the spectral factor, this formula shows a very complicated behavior because of the non-linear dependency of the spectral factor from spectral density and because of a singular integral in this expression. Therefore approximation methods are usually applied to calculate the spectral factor. It is shown that there exists no sampling-based method which depends continuously on the samples and which is able to approximate the spectral factor for all densities in this set. Instead, to any sampling-based approximation method there exists a large set of spectral densities so that the approximation method does not converge to the spectral factor for every spectral density in this set as the number of available sampling points is increased. The paper will also show that the same results hold for sampling-based algorithms for the calculation of the outer function in the theory of Hardy spaces.

The purpose of this paper is to study the local zeta integrals of Friedberg-Jacquet at complex place and to establish similar results to the recent work [4] joint with C. Chen and D. Jiang. In this paper, we will (1) give a necessary and sufficient condition on an irreducible essentially tempered cohomological representation π of GL 2 n ( C ) with a non-zero Shalika model; (2) construct a new twisted linear period Λ s , χ and give a different expression of the linear model for π; (3) give a necessary and sufficient condition on the character χ such that there exists a uniform cohomological test vector v ∈ V π (which we construct explicitly) for Λ s , χ . As a consequence, we obtain the non-vanishing of local Friedberg-Jacquet integral at complex place. All of the above are essential preparations for attacking a global period relation problem in the forthcoming paper ( [11] ).