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The paper focuses on the robust control design of a look-ahead cruise control system. The aim of the look-ahead control is to consider the topographic conditions and speed regulations of the oncoming road sections. The look-ahead cruise control leads to an optimization method, which generates a fuel and time optimal reference speed for the vehicle. It requires external topographic and road information, and measurements concerning the vehicle, such as speed and acceleration. Since the signals of the vehicle are considered in the generation of the reference speed, the generator has an impact on the stability of the cruise control system. In the paper a robust H∞ cruise control design method is proposed, which considers the efect of the reference speed generation, and guarantees the stability and the speed tracking performance of the entire system. The efciency of the method is analyzed through a simulation example with real highway data.

In recent years, several studies have investigated upper-limb motion in a variety of scenarios including motor control, physiology, rehabilitation and industry. Such applications assess people’s kinematics and muscular performances, focusing on typical movements that simulate daily-life tasks. However, often only a limited interpretation of the EMG patterns is provided. In fact, rarely the assessments separate phasic (movement-related) and tonic (postural) EMG components, as well as the EMG in the acceleration and deceleration phases. With this paper, we provide a comprehensive and detailed characterization of the activity of upper-limb and trunk muscles in healthy people point-to-point upper limb movements. Our analysis includes in-depth muscle activation magnitude assessment, separation of phasic (movement-related) and tonic (postural) EMG activations, directional tuning, distinction between activations in the acceleration and deceleration phases. Results from our study highlight a predominant postural activity with respect to movement related muscular activity. The analysis based on the acceleration phase sheds light on finer motor control strategies, highlighting the role of each muscle in the acceleration and deceleration phase. The results of this study are applicable to several research fields, including physiology, rehabilitation, design of robots and assistive solutions, exoskeletons., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Upper-limb motion is assessed with kinematics and EMG in many scenarios: motor control, physiology, rehabilitation, industry • Separation of phasic (movement-related) and tonic (postural) EMG, and of acceleration and deceleration phases • Comprehensive and detailed characterization of the EMG of upper-limb and trunk muscles in point-to-point upper limb movements • EMG magnitude assessment, phasic and tonic EMG activations, directional tuning, acceleration and deceleration phases

This paper presents an approach to damp out the oscillatory motion of the pendulum-like hanging platform on which a robotic manipulator is mounted. To this end, moving masses were installed on top of the platform. In this paper, asymptotic stability of the platform (which implies oscillation damping) is achieved by designing reference acceleration of the moving masses properly. A main feature of this work is that we can achieve asymptotic stability of not only the platform, but also the moving masses, which may be challenging due to the under-actuation nature. The proposed scheme is validated by the simulation studies., IFAC Symposium on Robot Control (SYROCO) 2018

The traditional models for the analysis of the accelerated test data cannot physically explains how the environment affects lifetime and its uncertainty. To solve this problem, this paper utilizes the theory of open quantum system, the theory about random behaviour of microparticles under the external environment, to describe the effects of stresses on lifetime uncertainty. The interaction between the system and environments motivates us to describe the accelerated test data from a quantum perspective. A quantum master equation is used as the reliability dynamics, which can be separated into a conservation term and a decay term. Then, the acceleration model is further incorporated into the decay term of the dynamic and forms a semi-quantum model. A practical procedure is proposed to obtain the initial guesses of parameters and do a graphic check on the assumption. Applications on two sets of real accelerated life test data show the proposed model outperforms the existing ones and hence verify its validity. This paper makes the first attempt to quantify the uncertainty under different environments from a quantum perspective and shows that it is feasible to utilize quantum theory to make a further exploration.

Minimizing the amount of fuel consumed by a moving vehicle can be formulated as an optimal control problem that determines the speed profile that the vehicle should follow. The fuel consumption is generally a function of speed and acceleration, and is optimized under external parameters (e.g., road grade or surrounding traffic conditions) known to affect fuel economy. Uncertainty in the traffic conditions, and in particular traffic speed, has seldom been investigated in this context, which may prevent the vehicle from following the optimal speed profile and consequently affect the fuel economy and the journey time. This paper describes two stochastic optimal speed control models for minimizing the fuel consumption of a vehicle traveling over a given stretch of road under a given time limit, where the maximum speed that can be achieved by the vehicle over the journey is assumed to be random and follow a certain probability distribution. The models include chance constraints that either (i) limit the probability that the desired vehicle speed exceeds the traffic speed, or (ii) bound the probability that the journey time limit is violated. The models are then extended into distributionally robust formulations to capture any uncertainties in the probability distribution of the traffic speed. Computational results are presented on the performance of the proposed models and to numerically assess the impact of traffic speed variability and journey duration on the desired speed trajectories: The results affirm that uncertainty in traffic speeds can significantly increase the amount of fuel consumption and the journey time of the speed profiles created by deterministic model. Such increase in journey duration can be mitigated by incorporating the stochasticity at the planning stage using the models described in this paper, and more so with the distributionally robust formulations particularly with higher levels of uncertainty. The solutions themselves generally exhibit low levels of speeds, which ensure the feasibility of the speed profile against any variabilities in the traffic speed.

Deep space exploration technology is an important development direction for scientific exploration. The penetrator method has been proposed as an inexpensive method of studying planetary bodies. The basic principle of this method is that the detection equipment carried by the high-speed penetrator hits a planetary body at a high speed and is buried up to several meters below the surface to carry out detection work. During the frictional collision process with the planets crust, the instantaneous acceleration peaks of the scientific payload (electronic instrumentation) are large. Shock protection of these payloads is necessary to improve their survival and mission success. In this paper, with the goal of improving the survival rate of scientific loads inside a penetrator, a penetrator with a multilayer energy-absorbing structure is developed, in which cushioning protection measures, such as an aluminum foam-filled corrugated tube(AFFT) structure, polyurethane rubber, and epoxy resin potting, are applied to the penetrator. Since the analysis of this process is a highly nonlinear problem, a numerical modeling method is the main approach in this paper. The LS-DYNA software platform was used to simulate the penetrators penetration process on a moon soil medium. The results obtained using empirical formulas and theoretical derivations were compared with the results of numerical analysis to ensure the accuracy of the penetration simulation model. The finite element model of the penetrator was then verified and modified by conducting shock response spectral experiments and shock simulations. The results showed that the spacer scheme had a positive effect on the impact isolation and energy absorption. In addition, this scheme provides an important reference for the design of the penetrator prototype to guarantee the success of subsequent ground rocket sled experiments.

Velocity planning serves as an important issue in motion planning for autonomous vehicles. The presented paper proposes a novel velocity planning method with minimum moving time on the basis of path curvature which is accomplished in three steps. First, the assigned path is divided into some elementary parts based on the path curvature. Second, the velocity planning is transformed into an unconstrained optimization problem by assuming the velocity of vehicle to be a specific cubic polynomial on every elementary part to avoid a sudden acceleration in path switching. Finally, we use a modified projection particle swarm optimization (PPSO) algorithm to obtain the time-optimal velocity profile . The proposed method can generate a smooth time-optimal velocity profile while considering all possible relevant constraints. Three examples are provided on different types of path to demonstrate that the final velocity profile is efficient to avoid the sudden acceleration change. Furthermore, the modified PPSO algorithm in this paper is used to solve the optimization problem with high dimensional variables when its upper bound is known, which can not be achieved by the general PPSO algorithm.

The interaction between electromagnetic waves and matter is the working principle of a photon-propelled spacecraft, which extracts momentum from the solar radiation to obtain a propulsive acceleration. An example is offered by solar sails, which use a thin membrane to reflect the impinging photons. The solar radiation momentum may actually be transferred to matter by means of various optical phenomena, such as absorption, emission, or refraction. This paper deals with the novel concept of a refractive sail, through which the Sun’s light is refracted by crossing a film made of polymeric micro-prisms. The main feature of a refractive sail is to give a large transverse component of thrust even when the sail nominal plane is orthogonal to the Sun-spacecraft line. Starting from the recent literature results, this paper proposes a semi-analytical thrust model that estimates the characteristics of the propulsive acceleration vector as a function of the sail attitude angles. Such a mathematical model is then used to analyze a simplified Earth-Mars and Earth-Venus interplanetary transfer within an optimal framework.

Although recurrent neural networks (RNNs) perfectly solve many difficult problems, their computational complexity significantly increases training time. Therefore, the primary problem with applying RNNs is to shorten the time needed to train and operate a network. An effective solution to this problem is to use parallel processing. In the paper, a particular approach for the Jordan network will be shown, however, the presented idea is applicable to other RNN structures. This type of network is characterized by natural parallelism, and in the paper, this feature is used to significantly accelerate the learning process. High-performance learning has been achieved using a novel parallel three-dimensional architecture. The presented solutions can be implemented in digital hardware.

Knocking is an unwanted behavior that is affected by the intake manifold temperature. This paper demonstrates through simulation how nonlinear Model Predictive Control design could be used as a reference governor for the control of the throttle position, with a soft constraint on intake manifold temperature. The implementation is able to suppress the peak temperature during an acceleration by slowing down the pressure build-up. Because of the usually slow dynamics of the temperature sensors, the paper proposes an Extended Kalman Filter implementation that uses a transient detection to decide whether to rely on the sensor feedback or the model.

During flight, a sounding rocket is subject to a unique environment - severe vibrations and substantial heat flux. In order to design payloads, precise measurement of these conditions is required. This paper presents preliminary results from HEDGEHOG REXUS Project, whose scientific goal was to characterise the thermal and dynamic environment of REXUS sounding rockets. For this purpose, two new sensors have been designed - mechanical acceleration amplifier/filter and heat flux measuring device. Both provided interesting data - vibration and heat flux profiles allowed identification of key flight phases and quantitative description of certain phenomena during flight was performed. The experiment validated the sensors and provided heating and vibration profiles. Applicability of results and conclusions for future REXUS launches is discussed in the following paper.

Spinning electrodynamic tether systems are considered one of the most promising potential applications of tethered satellite systems, which require little fuel and avoid the equilibrium limit of conventional vertical electrodynamic tether systems. Therefore, spinning electrodynamic tether systems have good prospects in debris removal, orbit reboost, payload transportation, and so on. It has been found that, if not carefully controlled, tethers easily become slack or sagging during the transition process from equilibrium state into spin. In this regard, this paper mainly focuses on the transition process of spinning electrodynamic tether systems from the initial equilibrium state into the final spinning state with expected angular velocities. Conditions of dynamic equilibrium position and minimum current for acceleration (critical current) are firstly derived in this paper, which provide references for future space tether experiments. The motion of spinning electrodynamic tether systems is described by the Lagrangian model, which takes orbital motion into consideration. By considering power limits of electrodynamic tether systems, this paper proposes two open-loop control methods for the safe transition into spinning state as nominal control algorithms with different mission objectives. The first method (direct transition) provides a near time-minimum solution, and the second method (swinging transition) provides a minimum current-energy solution for acceleration into spin. Considering perturbations in space, including inhomogeneous distribution of magnetic induction, varying mass distribution of the system and so on, an adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed to regulate the system and to track nominal trajectories of acceleration. The effectiveness of the proposed control methods is validated by numerical results.

In this paper, we proposed a FPGA implementation architecture for SVM classifier. The architecture is based on the proposed Shared Dot Product Matrix (SDPM) method which computes and stores the dot product of all training data before SVM searching process. We implemented the proposed method by software simulation and hardware implementation. The software simulation of SDPM method achieves twice the speed of LIBSVM, which is one of the most popular SVM implementation libraries. This acceleration mainly results from the reduction of repeat Kernel function calculation. Then the hardware software collaboration architecture for SDPM is also proposed in this paper. Results show that the proposed architecture achieves approximately 30 times faster searching speed compared with LIBSVM.

In high dimensional problem spaces, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is prone to unwanted roaming behaviour due to initial velocity explosion. A particle swarm’s movement patterns are strongly influenced by the inertia weight and acceleration coefficients . This paper investigates whether the initial velocity explosion can be curbed by appropriate choice of the inertia weight and the acceleration coefficients, which restrict the standard deviation of particle positions. It is shown that roaming behaviour cannot be solved by reducing swarm variance directly, but that the relationship between the parameters must also be considered. Furthermore, the paper investigates different movement patterns that may be exhibited by the swarm. It is shown that optimal parameter configurations differ between low and high dimensional problems. Specifically, parameter configurations which produce very smooth particle trajectories and restrict the swarm’s movement range are advantageous in high dimensional spaces. These movement patterns correspond to high inertia weight and low acceleration coefficients (eg. w = 0.9694 , c 1 = c 2 = 0.099381 ). Swarms with smooth particle trajectories exhibited significantly less unwanted roaming behaviour than swarms with chaotic or oscillating particle trajectories.

Quantitatively analyzing the role of turbulence in the magnetic fluctuation-induced self-generating-organization region and the plasma turbulence-induced self-feeding-sustaining region, which is closely related to the evolution of null points and the magnetic helical structure, represents the key issues in understanding the magnetic energy release-conversion, plasma heating, and charged particles energization and acceleration in three-dimensional large temporal-spatial scale turbulent magnetic reconnection (3D LTSTMR). The first part of this two-paper series developed and validated the continuous kinetic-dynamic-hydro fully coupled temporal-spatial scale relativistic hybrid particle-in-cell and lattice Boltzmann (RHPIC-LBM) model and code for investigating the fine structure evolution of the 2.5D solar atmosphere LTSTMR activities. Based on the model and code developed in Part I, in this paper, we investigate the turbulence of the magnetic helical structure, current density vector fields, self-generating-organization magnetic potential vector fields, self-feeding-sustaining plasma motion, and the ion and electron acceleration of 3D LTSTMR with 100,000 CPU cores on the Tianhe-2 from National Supercomputer Center in Guang Zhou (NSCC-GZ). According to the simulation evidence, we discovered and confirmed the following results: (i) Slipping magnetic reconnection (MR) exists in the adjacent magnetic field lines (MFLs) during the compress-stretch-slip process on the quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs and MFLs drastically change and form a linkage span) and the adjacent MFLs’ break-rejoin MR exists on the separatrix surfaces (SLs). Both are consistent to observations; (ii) The slipping MR (defined as 1st type MR) and the MFLs’ break-rejoin MR (defined as 2nd type MR) are closely linked with the oblique and resistive tearing instabilities, respectively. In the 3D model, the 1st type MR forms O -type null points, while the 2nd type MR forms X -type null points. The magnetic energy conversion is dominated by turbulence-induced oblique instabilities in the 3D model instead of the resistive tearing instabilities in the 2D/2.5D model, which is consistent with the 3D observations; (iii) Magnetic energy conversion occurs in the interaction of the plasmoid-to-flux rope, plasmoid-to-plasmoid, and flux rope-to-flux rope. The turbulent acceleration is an independent acceleration mechanism in LTSTMR, induced by the interaction of waves-to-waves and waves-to-particles, which is different from the original hybrid acceleration mechanism (composed of parallel electric fields, betatron, shock and Fermi) ; (iv) Particles can be energized and accelerated at a longer time scale (−30 s) and can be accelerated to relativistic energies after being pre-accelerated by a Fermi-Betatron-shock wave acceleration process. These results are in agreement with the observations.

Wave energy converters (WECs) come in many different forms, from point absorbers and oscillating water columns to bulge wave devices. This paper focuses on the control of point absorber WECs, which typically have a narrow-banded frequency response and, therefore, control is well placed to improve the energy capture of such WECs. The acausal nature of the control problem means that, theoretically optimal control is almost impossible to achieve in practice; however, optimal velocity tracking (OVT) offers a simple and robust approximation to optimal control that can achieve better power capture than passive linear damping methods, albeit with necessarily higher force demands. OVT is a form of impedance matching and the magnitude of the power-take-off (PTO) force demand is often not linearly proportional to the WEC velocity, which can lead to PTO force and speed combinations far from the optimal PTO efficiency The highly nonlinear PTO force and speed to efficiency mapping can, without remedial measures, severely diminish the effectiveness of OVT techniques. In this paper, improvements to OVT are made, particularly regarding the limits on motion. In particular, a limit on acceleration is added and drift of the position when the acceleration and/or velocity are limited is prevented through the addition of a new integral term. An anti-wind up methodology to prevent controller integral wind up is also included. These additions allow OVT to be more easily applied in practice. The effect of PTO efficiency is explored, and a novel potential solution to the problem of adapting control to account for efficiency is presented. Both aspects of the work presented highlight the requirement for co-design of the WEC, PTO, and controller.

This paper addresses the problem of target localization with a single or multiple mobile trackers using range measurements from the trackers to the target. We consider three scenarios: i) the target is fixed, ii) the target’s velocity vector is unknown but constant, and iii) the target’s acceleration vector is unknown but constant. The main contributions of the paper are twofold: i) we derive a set of necessary and sufficient conditions on the motion of the trackers under which the target’s state, that might include the target’s position, velocity and acceleration vectors is globally observable, and ii) we show how the conditions derived lend themselves to an intuitive geometric interpretation that yields valuable guidelines to plan the tracker’s motion. Numerical simulations are included to confirm the conditions derived.

An adaptive cruise control (ACC) system maintains the vehicle at the given target speed when there is no leading vehicle in the sensor range. On the other hand, in the presence of a leading vehicle, the system maintains a safe distance between the vehicles while driving as close as possible to the target speed. For such an automated system, besides meeting safety requirements, it is also important to provide a comfortable drive. In this paper, we develop a formal model for adaptive cruise control system based on timed automata and express specifications in temporal logics. The proposed model supports different acceleration levels. Parametric constraints govern the transitions to the states associated with acceleration levels. The proposed parameter optimization methods generate parameter valuations for particular driving styles while guaranteeing safety and the specifications over the target speed. Therefore, the resulting system is guaranteed to satisfy the requirements while the driver comfort is optimized. The models and the synthesis approach are illustrated with examples.

The paper proposes a trajectory design method for overtaking maneuvers, in which several performances are incorporated. Thus, it leads to a multi-objective optimization task. It is based on a simple mathematical representation of feasible trajectories by using a potential field approach. The solution of the complex computations in the optimization is approximated by neural networks. The proposed solution is based on the idea that there are a large number of collision free feasible trajectories. The goal of the method is to find the trajectory, which is suitable for the specified objectives. The result of the paper is an integrated decision for both longitudinal and lateral directions, such as longitudinal acceleration command and the values of the defined path. The effectiveness of the method is presented through CarMaker simulation environment.

In the commented paper, an equation is generated for the acceleration that a passive (class A) stellar engine, or ‘Shkadov thruster’, is capable of producing. However, the equation listed in the commented paper is incorrect—one of the assumptions it is based off of is erroneous, and it does not properly account for the reflectivity of the Shkadov thruster's mirror surface. Here, we derive the correct equation. In summary, the geometric prefactor of Eq. 1 in the commented paper, given as (1/2 + 1/6)e, should instead be (3/4)e.

In this paper, a study on the motion of a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) under application of a magnetic external field is presented. The magnetic field is perpendicular to two non-conducting flat parallel plates which are stationary. Numerical simulations are provided by an in-house CFD code developed by the authors and adapted to include the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) field equations. Solutions studied show how these magnetic fields can modify both the velocity profile and the pressure drop along the channel. Numerical solutions are firstly compared with analytical ones in some simple cases in order to verify the computational code. Relative errors remained around . A second test was set up where a magnetic field is applied only in a portion of the channel in order to control the flowrate. The results showed that with strong magnetic fields, the flowrate could be reduced up to 90% from a normal state, i.e. T. The maximum velocity at the centreline shows a peak at the outlet of the region where the magnetic field is applied due to the acceleration of the fluid when the magnetic forces disappear. When employing the code in a geometry similar to that presented in a previous paper in which the authors used a commercial code, some discrepancies were found, especially at the edges of the zone where the magnetic field was applied. Some speculations about this disagreement are put forward.

The current paper proposes a novel stochastic procedure for modelling car-following behaviours on a multi-lane motorway. We develop an integrated multi-lane stochastic continuous car-following model where a deep learning architecture is used to estimate a probability of lane-changing (LC) manoeuvres. To the best of our knowledge, this work is among the very few papers which exploit deep learning to model driving behaviour on a multi-lane road. The objective of this study is to establish a coupled stochastic continuous multi-lane car-following model using Langevin equations to cope with probabilistic characteristics of LC manoeuvres. In particular, a stochastic volatility, derived from LC manoeuvres is introduced in a multi-lane stochastic optimal velocity model (SOVM). In additions, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is applied to estimate a probability of LC manoeuvres in the integrated multi-lane car-following model. Furthermore, imaged second-based trajectories of the lane-changer and surrounding vehicles are used to identify whether LC manoeuvres occur by using the CNN. Finally, the proposed method is validated using a real-world high-resolution vehicle trajectory dataset. The results indicate that the prediction of the integrated SOVM is almost identical to the observed trajectories of the lane-changers and the following vehicles in the initial and the target lane. It has been found that the proposed multi-lane SOVM can tackle the unpredictable fluctuations in the velocity of the vehicles in the acceleration/deceleration zone.

This paper focuses on the dynamic stability of spinning missiles equipped with two-loop autopilot considering the seeker disturbance rejection rate parasitical loop (DRRPL) effect induced by attitude disturbance of projectile. The representative mathematical model of spinning missiles in the non-spinning coordinate system is established, and the cross-coupling effect between the pitch and yaw induced by the rotation motion of missile body is analyzed and decoupled. The two-loop acceleration autopilot for each channel is designed with the conventional design method, and the relationship between the autopilot gains and the expected design indexes is deduced. A proportional navigation guidance (PNG) system model with consideration for the seeker DRRPL is further proposed in the form of complex summation. After strict mathematic deduction, the sufficient and necessary condition of the dynamic stability for spinning missiles is obtained. Numerical simulations and discussions under different cases are conducted to demonstrate the validity of stability condition. The results indicate that the stability of a spinning missile is closely related to the amplitude of the seeker DRR, the rolling rate, and the autopilot design indices. The stable region of the autopilot design frequency is obtained by solving the dynamic stability condition. To meet the requirement of stable controlling at a constant spinning rate, it was found to be effective to decrease the amplitude of the seeker DRR for spinning missiles, employ the lead angle decoupling approach to the commands for the servo system, and guarantee that the autopilot design frequency is lower than the critical value. The dynamic stability condition derived in this paper is useful for evaluating the stability of a spinning missile with consideration for the seeker DRRPL, and the conclusions obtained can provide guidance for the autopilot design of spinning missiles.

The dynamic characterization of accelerometers is the prerequisite and insurance for highly accurate measurement of dynamic acceleration signals. The main problem of dynamic characterization is the lack of effective methods to deal with model coefficients and the order coupling effect, which could severely influence the identification accuracy. This paper presents a novel approach to solve the identification coupling problem through synchronous iteration and compensation. In order to guarantee the precision of the dynamic model, the Hopkinson bar dynamic calibration system with a traceable excitation acceleration signal is proposed. The feasibility of dynamic modelling is proved by the data comparison of experiment result and model regression result in the time domain. Based on the dynamic model, a dynamic compensation model is established, which improves the dynamic performance by frequency coverage extension. Finally, the results of the dynamic modelling and dynamic compensation are demonstrated by means of the calibration experiment in the paper.

There are well-established measurement standards for the rating of impact noise reduction provided by floor coverings in relation to structurally transmitted impact noise, e.g. BS EN ISO 10140-3 and ASTM E492 are widely used in Europe and North America respectively. Standardisation for “in-room” impact noise transmitted by an airborne path is however less well established. At the current time the standard used for rating the “in-room” impact sound reduction is BS EN 16205:2013 which focuses primarily on walking noise as the impact source. This standard employs the same tapping machine used for impact improvement testing in BS EN ISO 10140-3 but has been found not to be ideal due to the mechanical noise it produces and because it is not fully representative of the walking loads that the standard primarily aims to address. There is currently no standard that deals with “in room” impact noise from falling objects which may be a greater concern than walking noise, for example in a healthcare or education setting. Thus, presented in the paper are the findings from a large measurement survey conducted to investigate the influence of impactor mass, hardness and velocity on measured “in room” impact noise reductions. Other measurands such as the reduction in impact force and floor acceleration are also considered. It is discussed in the paper how ‘In-room’ impact noise differs from transmitted impact noise and this is demonstrated by performing a transfer path analysis to separate out the impact noise contributions from a falling object and from the floor. The key finding of the study is that the whilst the impact noise reduction achieved by different floor coverings varies wildly for different impactor types the rank order of the floor coverings tested in terms of Impact noise reduction did not. Thus, the ideal test method may not be the one that simulates best the type of impacts a floor is likely to be subjected to, but rather, it ought to be the one that gives the biggest differences between similar floor coverings so as to highlight most clearly the differences between them.

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great performance in various fields such as image classification, pattern recognition, and multi-media compression. Two of the feature properties, local connectivity and weight sharing, can reduce the number of parameters and increase processing speed during training and inference. However, as the dimension of data becomes higher and the CNN architecture becomes more complicated, the end-to-end approach or the combined manner of CNN is computationally intensive, which becomes limitation to CNN’s further implementation. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to implement CNN in a faster way. In this paper, we first summarize the acceleration methods that contribute to but not limited to CNN by reviewing a broad variety of research papers. We propose a taxonomy in terms of three levels, i.e. structure level, algorithm level, and implementation level, for acceleration methods. We also analyze the acceleration methods in terms of CNN architecture compression, algorithm optimization, and hardware-based improvement. At last, we give a discussion on different perspectives of these acceleration and optimization methods within each level. The discussion shows that the methods in each level still have large exploration space. By incorporating such a wide range of disciplines, we expect to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers who are interested in CNN acceleration.

This paper presents the design and implementation of a mining truck half-car active vehicle suspension system with a pre-disturbance detection algorithm that aims at reducing driver experienced vibrations. It addresses the complexities and limitations of input output feedback linearisation by addressing challenges of hidden state analysis involving jacobian invertibility and zero dynamics analysis on suspension models. The novelty of this paper entails adopting input state linearisation conditions to develop a set of states that result in complete linearisation having no hidden states. Negative state feedback controller is applied to the linearised system and the results demonstrate improved attenuated displacement and smoother accelerations hence cushioning the sprung load. A test bed is developed and integrated with the controller through the use of Matlab, Simulink and DSpace to demonstrate the active suspension system prototype results. Respectively 81.82 % and 97.5 % displacement and acceleration attenuation are achieved by the implemented linear controller.

This paper aims to assess the feasibility of an interstellar mission to reach the Alpha Centauri star system and delivering scientific data, using current and near-future technology. The mission baseline uses 100 GW of laser power to accelerate a spacecraft of 2750 kg to 5% the speed of light with light sail technology, resulting in a travel time of about a century. This paper explores several aspects of the mission: Possible locations of the laser infrastructure and different sail materials to achieve the required acceleration are discussed. Deceleration using a magnetic sail in the interstellar medium and in the heliosphere of the target star, taking into account mathematical models from Zubrin [6], Freeman [22] and Gros [21], is studied. Potential orbits in the star system are considered for observation and data collection. Finally, a multi-spacecraft mission architecture is presented, as it would allow for the spacecraft to be launched sequentially, thus exploiting the possibility of continuously operating the laser infrastructure.

This paper elucidates the impacts of vehicle heterogeneity on traffic dynamics and throughput of mixed traffic consisting of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) and regular vehicles (RVs). The main premise is that the heterogeneity in preferred acceleration rate, desired speed, and car-following (CF) behavior (e.g., reaction pattern and sensitivity to a traffic disturbance) will change traffic properties in ways that can undermine traffic flow throughput. This paper first decomposes the mechanism into two elements – one driven by acceleration and one by time-varying CF response to disturbances – and then investigates their compounded effect. This paper also provides unifying frameworks to analyze the behavior of RVs and CAVs to facilitate analytical investigations. The results reveal how heterogeneous acceleration and CF behavior may create persistent voids and diminish traffic throughput. Integrating all the elements, throughput reduction is quantified via numerical simulations.

International audience; Image sequences allow visualizing dynamic systems and understanding their intrinsic characteristics. One first component of this dynamics is retrieved from the estimation of the velocity displayed on the sequence. Motion estimation has been extensively studied in the literature of image processing and computer vision. In this paper, we step beyond the traditional optical flow methods and address the problem of recovering the acceleration from the whole temporal sequence. This issue has been poorly investigated, even if this is of major importance for major data types, such as fluid flow images. Acceleration is defined as the space-time function resulting from the forces applied to the studied system. To estimate its value, we propose a variational approach where an energy function is designed to model both the motion and the acceleration fields. The contributions of the paper are twofold: first, we introduce a unified variational formulation of motion and acceleration under space-time constraints; second, we describe the minimization scheme, which allows retrieving the estimations, and provide the full information on the discretization schemes. Last, experiments illustrate the potentiality of the method on synthetic and real image sequences, visualizing fluid-like flows, where direct and precise calculation of acceleration is of primary importance.

In this paper, the control of roll vibration and vertical vibration of a seat suspension caused by uneven road under both sides of tyres is studied. The heavy duty vehicles are generally working under severe conditions, where the uneven road can cause roll vibration and vertical vibration of the vehicle body and can have an effect on seat suspension. The conventional single-degree of freedom (single-DOF) seat suspension can only isolate the vertical vibration while the roll vibration will be totally transferred to the driver's body. The high magnitude of driver body's lateral acceleration caused by roll vibration will influence drivers' health and have a negative effect on ride comfort. A two-layer multiple-DOF active seat suspension, which has a z-axis DOF in the bottom layer and a roll DOF in the top layer, is proposed in this paper. A non-singular terminal sliding controller is designed to control the top-layer to reduce the lateral acceleration and roll acceleration by tracking a desired roll angle. An H ∞ controller with disturbance compensation is applied to control the bottom-layer for vertical vibration isolation. Both controllers use the variables which can be measured or estimated in the practical application as feedback signals. Two inertial measurement units (IMUs) MPU9250 are used in order to estimate the rotary angles of the top and base platforms of the two-layer multiple-DOF active seat suspension. The effectiveness of the seat suspension and control method is validated by both simulations and experiments. A single-DOF active seat suspension and a well-tuned conventional passive one are applied for comparison. Based on ISO 2631, the vibration total value of frequency weighted root mean square (FW-RMS) acceleration of the multiple-DOF active seat surface has 29.8% and 23.6% reductions for evaluating its influence on health and ride comfort, respectively, when compared with the single-DOF active one. The proposed vibration isolation method can effectively reduce the whole body vibration (WBV) of heavy duty vehicle drivers, and it shows high potential for practical application.

The Baixo Sabor dam is a concrete double-curvature arch dam, 123 m high, located in the north-east of Portugal, which is being monitored by a dynamic monitoring system that comprises 20 uniaxial accelerometers. The paper starts with the description of the structure and of the installed monitoring equipment, as well as the monitoring software used to process the data that is continuously retrieved from site through an internet connection. Then, the results obtained during the system’s first six months of operation are presented, which include the characterization of acceleration levels for major events, such as the opening of spillway gates after intense rain, and the evolution of the dam modal properties (natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and mode shapes) during the reservoir first filling. In particular, the continuous characterization of the dam modal properties during important variations of the water level is a very unique experimental result (up to the authors knowledge, this is the first journal paper describing the continuous tracking of the modal parameters of a dam during its first filling), which is particularly interesting for the calibration of numerical models that take into account water-structure interaction. Additionally, it should be noted that the accurate tracking of the modal properties, in quite demanding conditions motivated by the very low vibration levels, associated to the massive nature of the structure, and by the presence of harmonics induced by the turbines of the hydroelectric power plant, was only possible thanks to the use of a carefully designed installation and advanced processing methodologies. At the end of the paper, it is presented a comparison between the results estimated with ambient excitation and the ones obtained with a forced vibration test and also predicted by a numerical model that includes the water effect with the added mass technique.

Vibrations transmitted to the operators of earth moving machines may be severe under certain working and/or operating conditions. This is even worse when crawler machines are considered due to the hard contact between the track belt and the ground which is not dampened in any way by the air present in the tires as it happens in wheeled machines. This paper reports a study conducted on different machines in their standard configuration under different operating conditions: two fixed travelling velocities (low and high) on two defined surfaces (a path in asphalt and an artificial normalized track), with and without the presence of a ballast in the bucket and with the same operator driving all the machines. The accelerations were measured either on the seat cushion and on the cab floor in order to detect the amount of vibration transmitted between these two points. The analysis was primarily focused at the assessment of the acceleration values measured on the cab floor to detect whether they are balanced among the different vector components (x, y and z) and whether they show significant differences among the different machines and operating conditions, in terms of surface, velocity and presence of the ballast. Then, a comparison between the acceleration measured on the floor and those measured on the seat was performed in order to evaluate the seat damping characteristics and to detect the amount of vibration that is transmitted to the operator. Finally, the evaluation of the whole body vibration exposure levels was performed to assess the grade of comfort reasonably perceived by the operator. Relevance to industry - This paper highlights the importance to review the standard configurations currently used on this kind of machines (cab and seat suspensions): they turn out to be absolutely ineffective to assure the operators of safe and comfortable working conditions. Compact loader manufacturers should consider the vibration problem at the machine design stage and choose cab suspension systems and seats able to reduce accelerations along the three different axes. Similarly, seat manufacturers should pay attention in reducing rolling and pitching effects using specific seat suspensions effective also along the horizontal and lateral directions. Unfortunately standards currently in force do not require to control horizontal and lateral vibrations. Consequently, the address of this issue at ISO level in order to update the current legislation could be a strong stimulus for seat and machine manufacturers and a progress towards the operator comfort.

Vehicular trajectories are widely used for car-following (CF) model calibration and validation, as they embody characteristics of individual driving behaviour (each trajectory reflects an individual driver). Previous studies have highlighted that the trajectories should contain all the major vehicular interactions (driving regimes) between the leader and the follower for reliable CF model calibration and validation. Based on Dynamic Time Warping and Bottom-Up algorithms, this paper develops a pattern recognition algorithm for vehicle trajectories (PRAVT) to objectively, accurately, and automatically differentiate different driving regimes in a trajectory and then select the most complete trajectories (i.e. trajectories containing a maximum number of regimes). PRAVT is rigorously tested using synthetic data and then applied to the NGSIM data. We have observed that the NGSIM data are dominated by the trajectories which contain only three regimes, namely acceleration, deceleration, and following, 77% of the trajectories lack the standstill regime, and no trajectory in the NGSIM data is complete. These findings’ impact on how to properly utilize NGSIM data can be profound. Given the extensive use of the NGSIM data in the traffic flow community, this paper also provides insights about the types of regimes contained in each trajectory of the NGSIM data.

This paper addresses the question how does the alignment of expectations between niche and regime actors unfold during niche development process, and how it shapes the niche development process? In this paper we offer a theoretical framework with three alignment patterns: strong, medium-strong and weak alignment, based on niche and regime actors’ expectation structures. The research aims to establish whether the alignment patterns match three distinct stages of niche development: slow niche development; moderate niche development and substantial niche acceleration. We propose a 16% threshold in terms of adoption for niche acceleration. We apply the conceptual framework to two long-term cases, of wind and solar power development in China between 2000 and 2017. These present two independent cases with different stages of niche development during the studied period, but in the end both show niche acceleration. Our two cases suggest that although alignment patterns between both cases differ, they match niche development phases. Strong alignment does go hand in hand with niche acceleration. Overall, this paper contributes to both a conceptual and methodological understanding of how the alignment patterns between niche and regime actors’ expectations contribute to niche acceleration.

Objective: Pulse rate (PR) extracted from Photoplethysmograph (PPG) is a significant feature in emotion recognition. However, PPG signal can be easily affected by the motion artifacts (MA) produced from the body movement and the random head swing of the subjects who are in Immersive Virtual Environments (IVE). The objective is to estimate PR from MA corrupted PPG signal. Methods: In order to reduce the influence of random MA, we propose a novel adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) method. This method could attenuate MA and reduce the execution time by adopting RLS adaptive filtering with dynamical reference signal (DRS-RLS). Then the spectral peak tracking with verification based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is used to estimate PR value. Results: In this paper, the two-channel PPG signals and tri-axis acceleration signals were recorded synchronously from forehead by the virtual reality (VR) physiological helmet platform developed in our research center. Seventeen participants were able to observe and move randomly in four IVEs. The mean average absolute error ( μ AAE ) using our proposed PR estimation method is 2.40 beats per minute (BPM). Furthermore, verification result of the proposed method on a public database of 22 PPG recordings showed the μ AAE (2.01 BPM) and runtime (17.2 ms) of each time window. Conclusion: The proposed PR estimation method has achieved the lowest error compared with RLS adaptive filtering using fixed axis as reference signal or cascade RLS adaptive filtering. And the result has also shown a lower μ AAE and less runtime than other adaptive filtering methods proposed in recent years. Significance: The proposed method in this paper has potential to be implemented in wearable devices due to its low error and low computation cost. It also provides a new way for reference signal selection of adaptive filtering.

Based on the field measurements on a 600-m-tall skyscraper equiped with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) system, this paper investigates the control performance of the world's largest ATMD system to suppress the building vibrations. On-site forced vibration tests on the skyscraper were first conducted and the results showed that the ATMD system can increase the damping ratios of the fundamental sway modes up to about 11 times. Accordingly, ambient vibration tests on the building during Super Typhoon Hato were carried out, and the measured building acceleration responses showed that the ATMD system can effectively suppress the wind-induced vibrations of the skyscraper. Moreover, the structural damping ratios of the building with and without the operation of the ATMD system were identified, which showed that the ATMD system can significantly boost the damping ratios of the fundamental sway modes of the building for suppressing wind-induced vibrations, while it had limited effects on higher modal responses. The paper aims to provide useful information for the design of active vibration control systems and the wind-resistant design of high-rise buildings.

Shuttle based storage and retrieval systems (SBS/RS) attract continuous research attention because of their ability to achieve a high throughput. In an SBS/RS system, lifts are regarded as the bottleneck that hinder reaching higher throughput and therefore require subtle control polices. In this paper, the scheduling of two non-passing lifts on a common rail SBS/RS has been studied with consideration of the acceleration and deceleration of the lifts. Lift scheduling includes storage and retrieval requests sequencing, assignment of lifts, and collision avoidance. The main objective of the lift scheduling is minimizing the makespan of the moves. Different with the traditional constant velocity lift scheduling approach is that new collisions emerge when the acceleration/deceleration of the lifts are taken into consideration. This makes the scheduling different. In this paper a collision free lifts trajectory predicting approach with acceleration/deceleration is presented. Combined with the collision-free method, request sequencing and assignment are carried out by a proposed genetic algorithm. Experimental results with several SBS/RS practical working scenarios provide evidence that the proposed scheduling approach achieved on average 12.2% and 6.4% improvement in makespan compared with the constant velocity approach when the maximum velocity of the lifts is 1.5 m/s and 2 m/s respectively.

GPU hardware and CUDA architecture provide a powerful platform to develop parallel algorithms. Implementation of heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms on GPUs are limited in literature. Nowadays developing parallel algorithms on GPU becomes very important. In this paper, NP-Hard Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) that is one of the combinatorial optimization problems is discussed. Parallel Multistart Simulated Annealing (PMSA) method is developed with CUDA architecture to solve QAP. An efficient method is developed by providing multistart technique and cooperation between threads. The cooperation is occurred with threads in both the same and different blocks. This paper focuses on both acceleration and quality of solutions. Computational experiments conducted on many Quadratic Assignment Problem Library (QAPLIB) instances. The experimental results show that PMSA runs up to 29x faster than a single-core CPU and acquires best known solution in a short time in many benchmark datasets. Keywords: Combinatorial optimization, CUDA, GPU, Multistart Simulated Annealing, Parallel algorithms, Quadratic Assignment Problem

An important research tool that is used for assessing fundamental dust explosion characteristics is the Hartmann apparatus, where dust is dispersed by a pressure wave. Nevertheless, it is questionable as to whether the formed dust cloud is uniformly dispersed as well as how the solid particles behave as they flow. In this study we used two research tools. The first one is the novel experimental technique Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT). It derives from Positron Emission Tomography (PET) technique that is normally used in the medical environment. PEPT is a technique of tracking individual particles and can be used for studying multiphase flows. Thus the main objective of this paper is to demonstrate how this method can be used for studying such systems. The second tool we used in this research is numerical simulations in which the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was adopted. Therefore the second main objective of the paper is to investigate the flow of a single particle in the Hartmann apparatus and show the complexity of the problem. According to the experimental results the process is highly stochastic and influenced not only by the injection pressure but also by the initial conditions and geometry. High injection pressures lead to frequent particle collisions with the walls resulting in a potential loss of kinetic energy. The simulations showed that the vertical velocity profile of the fluid flow distribution was non-symmetric even though the previous numerical studies showed the opposite. This may have influenced the dust dispersion process. The influence of the gas injection velocity is only important in the beginning of the dispersion process but not further into the process. During this period we observed frequent collisions that counteracted the acceleration of the particle, and the value of the coefficient of restitution influenced the rate of deceleration.

Comparing with traditional honeycomb structures, Negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR) structures had better mechanical performances in some certain respects, especially the shear modulus and fracture toughness. However, few publications focused on the cylinder-shape NPR structure, which influence the diversity and possibility of NPR structure applications. In this paper, a cylindrical NPR structure was introduced and applied as a suspension jounce bumper in order to solve the issue that the ideal uniaxial compression load-displacement curve sometimes cannot be realized by traditional Polyurethane (PU) jounce bumper. The load-displacement curve of NPR jounce bumper was proved to be smoother and more ideal than that of traditional jounce bumper. Nevertheless, the influences of NPR jounce bumper on the suspension mechanical performance and vehicle ride comfort were not comprehended yet. In this study, the traditional and NPR jounce bumpers were both assembled into virtual prototypes of Macpherson, double wishbone and multi-link suspensions to conduct single wheel travel virtual tests. The results indicated that NPR jounce bumper can achieve more ideal wheel force vs. jounce height curve without adjusting free travel, which is beneficial to spare precise suspension space. Furthermore, a jounce bumper evaluation method using pulse ride comfort was proposed in this paper. The virtual ride comfort tests of travelling through bump and pothole were conducted using established vehicle virtual prototype. The maximum vertical accelerations and weighted root mean square (RMS) of acceleration of vehicle centroid at most speeds were reduced applying NPR jounce bumper. Thus, the NPR jounce bumper can apparently improve vehicle ride comfort.

Fatigue crack under variable amplitude thermal cycles is a common failure in combustion chamber components, proposing great challenges during the temperature reproduction of actual working condition. In this paper, this complicated thermal cycle was realized with pulsed laser experimentally, causing two kinds of damage such as the low cycle thermal fatigue (LCF) and high cycle thermal fatigue (HCF). A numerical model was developed to simulate the temperature, stress and strain under variable amplitude thermal cycles. The results showed that, there was good agreement between the measured temperature curve and the simulated results with different crack parameters. The observed crack depth at different cycles was consistent with the predicted ones. Furthermore, the mechanism of crack evolution under variable amplitude thermal fatigue was discussed. The calculated thermal-structural interaction depth of LCF thermal cycle was found to be larger than the HCF thermal cycle. The effect of LCF thermal loadings was associated with the initiation of major cracks, while the failure related to the superimposed HCF action was the acceleration of crack growth with a surface wedging process. This paper provides comprehensive experimental and numerical insights into the thermal damage process under variable amplitude thermal loading, showing a significant engineering value for failure analysis and design optimization of combustion chamber components.

There is a growing need to understand and estimate the explosion hazards associated with hydrogen storage and utilisation. This paper presents a comprehensive numerical study on the explosion characteristics of a lean hydrogen-air mixture in a small-scale obstructed vented chamber. The large eddy simulation (LES) technique is employed to study the highly unsteady turbulence-driven explosion when the flame propagates past successive obstructions. A dynamic flame surface density (DFSD) model is applied to the filtered chemical source term in the LES to account for the progressive wrinkling of the deflagrating flame. The driving mechanism of pressure rise and the underlying physics of flame-obstacle interactions are illustrated using the detailed LES results. The paper considers 11 individual flow experimental configurations of various obstacle number, size and location. They are further classified into six groups to investigate the influence of the level of blockage and the separation distance between adjacent obstructions. Critical safety-related parameters including the maximum overpressure and its incidence time are analysed. A comparison with propane is also made to highlight the substantial overpressure and flame acceleration of hydrogen deflagrations. Satisfactory agreements have been obtained between the LES and the experimental data, and this confirms the capability of the developed computational models in capturing essential explosion features and information for the study of vented hydrogen explosions.

In this paper, a new optimal guidance law with terminal constraints on miss distance and intercept angle is proposed for a missile with time-varying velocity against a maneuvering target. The proposed optimal guidance law is obtained by solving a linear quadratic optimal control problem. Miss distance and intercept angle costs are weighted by variants of hyperbolic tangent function and energy cost is weighted by a power of time-to-go. The rule for determining a key parameter in the variant of hyperbolic tangent function is studied using the theory of second order differentiation, and its validity is verified by numerical simulation. In the purpose of easy implementation, an analytical solution of the proposed optimal guidance law is derived using assumption of constant velocity when calculating integral of missile's velocity from current time to final time. The significant contribution of this paper lies in that it is the first time a variant of hyperbolic tangent function is developed and employed as weighting coefficients of constraints on miss distance and intercept angle. Therefore, the proposed optimal guidance law can reduce acceleration command at the initial phase and increase missile's terminal velocity. Nonlinear numerical simulations clearly demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed optimal guidance law.

Industrial society has not only led to high levels of wealth and welfare in the Western world, but also to increasing global ecological degradation and social inequality. The socio-technical systems that underlay contemporary societies have substantially contributed to these outcomes. This paper proposes that these socio-technical systems are an expression of a limited number of meta-rules that, for the past 250 years, have driven innovation and hence system evolution in a particular direction, thereby constituting the First Deep Transition. Meeting the cumulative social and ecological consequences of the overall direction of the First Deep Transition would require a radical change, not only in socio-technical systems but also in the meta-rules driving their evolution – the Second Deep Transition. This paper develops a new theoretical framework that aims to explain the emergence, acceleration, stabilization and directionality of Deep Transitions. It does so through the synthesis of two literatures that have attempted to explain large-scale and long-term socio-technical change: the Multi-level Perspective (MLP) on socio-technical transitions, and Techno-economic Paradigm (TEP) framework.

This paper presents the application of a Selective Frequency Damping (SFD) algorithm as an acceleration technique for the solution of the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. The SFD method is implemented in a segregated way in a cell-centered finite volume code with added artificial dissipation. Its effect is also analyzed in combination with state of the art acceleration techniques, such as implicit residual smoothing, W-cycle multigrid and local time stepping. The proposed approach relies on the addition of a proportional feedback control and a low-pass filter to the system of equations to damp out targeted frequencies. This method was originally developed for the computation of the steady-state solution of unstable flows. It is here applied to stable cases specifically to enhance the convergence rate to steady state. The method is also applied to overset grid systems for which effective multigrid remains challenging. Significant improvements in the residual convergence rates are found with and without using conventional acceleration techniques. The paper presents the implementation of the SFD algorithm. A verification of the method on a documented application case from the literature is performed. Then, the convergence acceleration provided by the SFD is shown for Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on classic one-to-one grid and overset grid systems.

The primary purpose of this paper is to realize robust place recognition algorithms towards simultaneous viewpoint and condition changes, and provide satisfactory computational efficiency. In this paper, we significantly improve the viewpoint invariance of the SeqSLAM algorithm by using state-of-the-art deep learning techniques to generate robust feature representations of images and develop the SeqCNNSLAM. Experimental results show that SeqCNNSLAM outperforms state-of-the-art place recognition systems in most cases, such as, when precision is maintained at 100%, the maximum recall obtained by SeqCNNSLAM is 50% higher than SeqSLAM on the Norland dataset with simultaneous condition change and 12.5% viewpoint change. Besides, we develop an acceleration method called A-SeqCNNSLAM, which exploits the location relationship between the matching images of adjacent images to reduce the matching range of the current image. Experimental results demonstrate that an acceleration of ∼ 5 times is achieved with minimal accuracy degradation of ∼ 5%. Finally, to enable A-SeqCNNSLAM adaptability in new environments, O-SeqCNNSLAM is devised for the online parameter adjustment in A-SeqCNNSLAM.

"Human-vehicle-road" collaborative optimization is an important issue in current research. And the topic of how to build an appropriate driver model integrating future traffic information has not been totally solved. In this paper, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) was adopted to learn different driving modes. And a linear acceleration model, was identified by least square method which was weighted by probability density of the GMM. Therefore, the most energy-saving acceleration model could be evaluated by a comprehensive score. Based on this model, the planning and control of driving speed in single traffic light scene was explored. Simulation results show that the planning strategy proposed in this paper can save fuel up to 15.81% compared with the aggressive driver; and 14.54% reduced compared with the fixed speed planning algorithm based on vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, with traffic light restriction satisfied.

Faster trajectory correction and control mechanisms are required to correct the radar handing-over error coupled with homing guidance demands for Missile Interceptors. Solid Divert and Attitude Control System (SDACS), which typically have a very low time constant, is one of the most efficient and accurate way to meet these demands. The SDACS has challenges both with respect to the Hot Gas Valve (HGV) technology as well as actuator requirements. The paper proposes a novel method to simplify the controller design and reduce actuator needs for the rotary hot gas valves based SDACS. The proposed method formalizes a linear Pseudo-control to track the lateral acceleration and attitude correction commands. The pseudo-control requirements are tracked through the HGV rotations. The paper further proposes the normalization of the pseudo-control to make the controller generic making it invariant of the valve size and relative dimensions of the HGV’s static & moving part. The paper also proposes a technique to reduce the number of actuators required for the full SDACS system by use of these near affine pseudo-controls.