Search

• The 12 main compounds of Cannabis fructus were identified using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Trilinolein was extracted and shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects both in vitro and in vivo. • Trilinolein prevents dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like lesions and restores the skin barrier in BALB/c mice. • Trilinolein attenuates IL-4- and TNF-α-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release and ROS production in HaCaT cells via the AhR-Nrf2 pathway. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition that causes chronic and recurring eczema lesions. Prior research has indicated that Cannabis fructus , the mature fruit of Cannabis sativa, has an antioxidant effect. Historically, Cannabis fructus has been used in cosmetics and medicine. However, there is limited knowledge regarding its biological components and the mechanisms by which it prevents and treats AD. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was utilized to identify the main compounds of Cannabis fructus , and trilinolein was extracted using chromatographic techniques. The potential of trilinolein in the prevention of AD was assessed, and its underlying mechanisms of action were elucidated. The distribution of distinct cellular subpopulations and the principal biological processes implicated in the pathogenesis of AD were assessed through a comparative study involving chronic AD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Differential gene expression was validated in clinical samples from the lesions of AD patients and the healthy skin of controls. The pharmacodynamic activity of trilinolein was validated in dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced BALB/c mice and in IL-4- and TNF-α-induced HaCaT cells. Proteomics analyse was employed to investigate its mechanisms. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed that chronic AD is characterized by abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and oxidative stress damage. When topically applied, trilinolein can effectively improve AD-like skin lesions induced by DNCB. It increases the expression of terminal differentiation proteins and decreases the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), with a therapeutic effect comparable to that of the positive control drug crisaborole. Additionally, trilinolein reduced ROS fluorescence intensity, restored mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential, and decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release in keratinocytes stimulated with IL-4 and TNF-α. Moreover, trilinolein increased the protein expression of AhR, CYP1A1, and Nrf2 in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of trilinolein on keratinocyte terminal differentiation proteins and ROS levels was blocked by the addition of an AhR inhibitor. The study suggests that trilinolein from Cannabis fructus alleviates NOX2-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and repair the skin barrier via AhR-Nrf2 pathway, making it a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of AD. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the kinetics of the thermally induced isomerization of 9 c ,12 c linoleic acid was studied in order to better understand the geometric and positional isomerization of triacylglycerol and the various factors controlling isomeric ratios. Trilinolein was placed in glass ampoules and sealed in the absence or presence of air (O 2 ) and then subjected to thermal treatment at 180, 200, 220, 230 or 240 °C for regular time intervals. The glass ampoules were removed and the contents were analyzed using gas chromatography. The results indicate that the consumption of trilinolein is a second-order reaction. The formation reactions of cis , trans , trans , cis and trans , trans isomers are zero-order and dependent on both temperature and time. The presence of O 2 does not change the order of the reaction. In addition, the rate constants and activation energies involved in the isomerization reaction of linoleic acid with or without O 2 are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mixtures of sitosterol (S) and lecithin (L) are able to prepare food-grade organogel by structuring liquid edible oil. In this paper, various S to L mass ratios (i.e., S0L10 to S10L0) in the sunflower oil (SO) high in trilinolein were used to develop organogels at three storage temperatures (T s: 5, 15 and 25°C). Influences of mass ratio and storage temperature on the rheological properties of organogels after ten days of storage were evaluated in detail, and the corresponding microstructures of the crystal network in these organogels were studied by microscopy. At each storage temperature, the rheological properties of the organogels formed by sitosterol and lecithin were different from organogels formed from sitosterol alone. The crystal microstructure in organogels also revealed a dependence on structurant composition and T s. By increasing T s, the elasticity and thermal stability of the organogel developed by mixed structurant were enhanced, and the length of microplatelet units was increased along with a decrease in mesh size, leading to the formation of higher ordered networks, and therefore, the most typical example (S8L2 organogel at T s =25°C) had a higher elasticity than other organogels. The observed rheological behavior is likely to be associated with the composition of structurant, the storage temperature, the viscosity of liquid oil and the microstructure of crystal network. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

After swarming, reproductive dealates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, run together in tandem. The tandem running is an age-related behavioral activity in C. formosanus. This behavior was not evoked in pre-flight alates less than 6-d-old that were artificially dealated. Female age was more important than male age for evoking tandem behavior. Females and males, older than 35 days, did not exhibit this behavior. Mating status was not important for female and male dealates to form the tandem pairs. The titers of the major tergal gland component, trilinolein, did not decline significantly and remained high, not only in virgin females, but also in mated females for a period of time after swarming. On the other hand, increasing amounts of the female-specific compound trilinolein were detected in male dealates 7, 14, and 42 days after pairing. This suggests that trilinolein in the females might be transferred to the males as a nuptial gift in C. formosanus. In addition, females have structurally different lateral setae that may constitute a morphological factor involved in the tandem behavior in this species. Covering the setae with dimethyl sulfoxide prevented the tandem behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The myocardial protective effects of trilinolein, isolated from the Chinese herb Sanchi (Panax notoginseng), may be related to its antioxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of trilinolein on angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with angiotensin II, [3H]leucine incorporation and the β-myosin heavy chain promoter activity were examined. We also examined the effects of trilinolein on angiotensin II-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Trilinolein significantly inhibited angiotensin II-increased protein synthesis, β-myosin heavy chain promoter activity, and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine also decreased angiotensin II-increased protein synthesis and β-myosin heavy chain promoter activity. Furthermore, trilinolein and N-acetylcysteine decreased angiotensin II- or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation, and activator protein-1 (AP-1)- [or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)]-reporter activities. These data indicate that trilinolein inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and β-myosin heavy chain promoter activity via attenuation of reactive oxygen species generation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• MW-HPLC has been successfully applied for the determination of triacylglycerols. • Shorter retention times have been achieved with MW-HPLC respect to conventional HPLC. • Non-volatile mobile phases are advisable to be used in MW-HPLC. Microwave (MW) radiation was applied to perform the separation of triacylglycerols (TGs) in oil samples. The novelty of the work lies in the application of MW radiation to assist the separation of several non-polar compounds employing a totally organic mobile phase. Once the influence of the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) variables on the sensitivity was optimized, the TGs separation was compared conditioning the column with either a conventional HPLC or a MW oven. Contrary to previous applications in which the mobile phase contained water, the improvement in sensitivity using MW was not as significant in comparison with conventional heating but it allowed a shortening in the retention times of several TGs in about 50% respect elution at room temperature. The method was finally applied for the quantification of most common TGs in almond, tiger nut, and argan oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]