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The pharmaceutical industry has long known that ∼80% of the results of academic laboratories cannot be reproduced when repeated in industry laboratories. Yet academic investigators are typically unaware of this problem, which severely impedes the drug development process. This academic–industrial complication is not one of deception, but rather a complex issue related to how scientific research is carried out and translated in strikingly different enterprises. This Opinion describes the reasons for inconsistencies between academic and industrial laboratories and what can be done to repair this failure of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop a computer program (FRACEK) for fractal dimensions of amorphous areas, and to apply this program on various mass movements. FRACEK has been developed using Java technology with an object-oriented approach. The input of FRACEK is a set of 2-dimensional images including the amorphous areas of which fractal values are to be computed. FRACEK is a user-friendly program that can be used to calculate fractal dimensions easily and can be used in various earth science applications. In this study, published maps were utilized when applying FRACEK to various mass movements. A total of 116 mass movement data were employed. In addition to the fractal dimensions (D), the width (W) to length (L) ratio of each mass movement was calculated. The relationship between the W/L ratio and the D was investigated. Relatively high correlations were found between the D and the W/L ratio. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to make a differentiation among the mass movements using the fractal dimension. However, further research is required for evaluation all types of mass movements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]