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Integration of renewable energy sources (RES) together with energy storage systems (ESS) changes processes in electric power systems (EPS) significantly. Specifically, rate of change and the lowest values of operating conditions during the emergencies are got influenced. Such changes can cause incorrect actions of relay protection (RP) as it was designed and adjusted with no regard for influence of RES and ESS. Detailed research on processes during the different normal and abnormal modes in both EPS and primary transducers and also in RP devices should be done to take preventive actions. To do this research mathematical modeling based on detailed and authentic models of all elements including RP should be used. HRTSim (which was developed by authors) software for simulating EPS provides the opportunity to create such models of EPS of any size without simplifications and limits. Using of this instrument together with detailed mathematical models of RP which were developed before provided the opportunity to investigate them rigorously in RES-integrated EPS. Settings providing adequate action of RP in certain conditions were performed as a result of this investigation. Fragments of these investigations are performed in this paper. Results of these investigations would be useful for designing new methods and tools of RP adjustment. General structure of a grid-connected combined renewable energy system with a hydrogen storage system. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis is consumed in various social and environmental settings, and such contexts may be important predictors of subjective effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between contextual factors and subjective effects of cannabis. A PRISMA-guided search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Global Health, and Google Scholar yielded 29 studies. Study type (Ecological Momentary Assessment or Experimental) was a significant predictor of intoxication effects, and experimental studies had a greater pooled effect size (z =.296,95 % CI [.132,.478], p =.004) than Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) studies (z =.071,95 % CI [.011,.130], p =.02). Contextual conditions (environment, social group, expectancy, time of day, day of week) were not significant predictors of cannabis effects. Findings did not point to a significant association between contextual conditions and subjective effects. However, as current literature is methodologically weak, it may be premature to conclude that subjective effects are not shaped by contextual factors. In view of policy and therapeutic implications, replications and study refinements are recommended. • A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the relative importance of context to the experience of cannabis intoxication. • Review findings did not support an association between contextual conditions and user experiences. • Key issues in this area related to methodological design and theory should be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hardware can affect bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and different reference populations can affect t-scores. Long-term analyses describing differences in the relationship between BMD and t-scores are lacking. BMD-values were plotted against t-scores for 241 Lunar DXA scans on females obtained over 18 years from several centers in Sweden and Norway. The result of the plot was compared to hardware/software versions, reference populations and different software analysis settings (Basic vs Enhanced analysis for total body and Single Photon Absorptiometry (SPA) vs Lunar calibration for forearm). For the forearm compartments, we found different BMD-t-score relationships depending on the use of SPA or Lunar calibration (p <0.001). With Lunar calibration, BMD-values were 24% higher, but there was no effect on t-scores. Total body measurements with iDXA scanners and Enhanced analysis for Prodigy scanners (software version 14.10) resulted in a different BMD-t-score relationship compared to the other hardware/software versions (p <0.001), with the largest discrepancy for lower BMD-values. Switching from Basic to Enhanced analysis generally decreased BMD-values and often changed t-scores (both increased and decreased). For the femoral neck, there were two different BMD-t-score relationships caused by different reference populations (p <0.001). In contrast to total body, the difference for femoral neck was more pronounced for higher values, with little impact in the clinical decision-making area. Hardware, software, reference populations and software analysis settings can affect the BMD-t-score relationship, but do so differently for different compartments. The BMD-t-score-plot is a simple and effective tool to discover systematic differences. Longitudinal analyses of DXA scans should be performed based on raw data analyzed in "one run" with the same software version and settings, in order to avoid systematic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of the completeness of milk-out in dairy cows is one of the indicators used to evaluate and optimise the milking process. A number of different methods and thresholds are available for this purpose, but procedures and validation of the methods are not always described in detail, and may vary between studies. The objective of this study was to introduce and evaluate a new, precisely defined hand-milking method (DEFINED) and to compare its outcome with two commonly applied methods to assess the completeness of milking: visual scoring of the degree of quarter filling (VISUAL) and quantitative assessment of the number of easy strips (EASYSTRIPS). Each of the three methods was applied in 131 Holstein cows of six dairy herds in northern Germany. The assessment of milk-out was carried out by three experienced but non-regular milkers (evaluators). Each evaluator visited the six herds once during afternoon milking. To avoid any transitions, the interval between visits of two evaluators was at least 2 days. Maximum hand-milking time per cow was set to 60 s. The total strip yield collected in 60 s (SY60) by the application of a strip frequency of 1 Hz was used as a reference for the amount of milk left in the investigated quarter after machine-milking. The three methods were evaluated by analysing their statistical relationship with SY60, and by ranking their suitability for quantitative or qualitative assessment of milk-out. VISUAL and SY60 were not related, indicating that VISUAL was unsuitable for estimating the amount of milk left actually in the udder quarters. The strip yield in 15 s (DEFINED) and SY60 was significantly related, but results varied among evaluators. With regard to EASYSTRIPS, a significant relationship with SY60 was found, but the results were influenced by evaluator and herd. The findings of this study imply that DEFINED allows a rapid and farm-independent quantitative estimate of the post-milking strip yield. Likewise, EASYSTRIPS was meaningful in assessing milk-out of quarters in a given herd, whereas VISUAL allowed neither a quantitative nor a qualitative assessment of post-milking strip yield or milk-out. Thresholds for complete or incomplete milk-out by DEFINED must be lower than those commonly applied in 15 s of post-milking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe: 1) settings, activities and types of injuries for an 'initial' (sentinel) injury and subsequent injuries over 24 months, and 2) concordance between sentinel and subsequent injury events.Methods: Participants (n = 2856) were recruited to the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study (POIS) following their sentinel injury event, an injury event resulting in an Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) entitlement claim. Subsequent injuries were those from additional ACC claims in the following 24 months. Injury settings, activities and types were from electronic ACC claims data. The risks of having a subsequent injury of the same type as the sentinel injury were estimated.Results: Overall, 1653 (58%) participants had 3444 subsequent injury events in 24 months, resulting in 4470 injury diagnoses. Twenty one percent had at least one subsequent injury event of the same type as their sentinel injury; 33% with a spine sprain/strain had at least one subsequent spine sprain/strain. Many participants had at least one subsequent injury event at same setting (26%) as their sentinel injury; of note, 36% of participants whose sentinel injury occurred at home had at least one subsequent injury at home. Seventeen percent of participants had at least one subsequent injury involving the same activity as their sentinel injury; 28% of those whose sentinel injury was a result of contact in sport had at least one subsequent injury also involving sport.Conclusions: Subsequent injuries among people presenting to healthcare providers are common. Greater emphasis should be placed on maximising such healthcare provider contact as an injury prevention opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to examine the possibility of reducing the fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions of harvesters during cut-to-length operations by applying various technical settings to the machine through the machine's own software package. The adjustment of machine settings had an effect on the fuel consumption per unit product (l m −3 ) and can reduce the fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions in cut-to-length harvesting operations. The main factor significantly affecting both fuel consumption and productivity was stem size. The study involved three cut-to-length machines operating in thinning with comparable stand environment and silvicultural prescriptions. The novelty of this work is in exploring the fuel saving potential of simple adjustments of machine settings in cut-to-length harvesting machines. Such adjustments have an impact on fuel efficiency and may reduce fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions in cut-to-length harvesting operations. This work may result in a reduction of energy consumption and environmental pollution, thereby contributing to cleaner production. This study bridges the gaps between research, development and implementation: it offers practical solutions that may affect manufacturers as well as practitioners and entrepreneurs in the field. The outcome of this study may result in innovative technology development with less impact on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of a collaborative multimodal writing intervention in different settings on the development of writing skills of beginner learners of Dutch as a second language. The study extends previous research by using multiple measures to assess writing development and by comparing the impact of different settings, i.e., a task-based in-school intervention and an out-of-school leisure intervention. All participants in both interventions (N = 52) completed two writing tasks before and after the intervention (in a pretestposttest design). Participants in a non-intervention group (N = 32)did the same before and after a two-week holiday in which they did not receive writing instruction. Participants' output was assessed by analytic CAF-measures as well as for communicative effectiveness. Multilevel analyses revealed significantly greater growth for both intervention groups compared to the non-intervention group. The in-school group showed growth for six measures (complexity and text length on one task and communicative effectiveness, content, lexical diversity and text length on the other). Also the out-of-school group revealed greater gains for six measures (complexity on one task and content, two measures of syntactic complexity, lexical diversity and text length on the other). In all, this study shows that multimodal composition can promote writing of beginner L2 learners, regardless of the exact context in which the writing takes place. Furthermore, the study shows the importance of using multiple measures and multiple tasks to evaluate writing development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The settings approach to health promotion, first advocated in the 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, was introduced as an expression of the ‘new public health’, generating both acclaim and critical discourse. Reflecting an ecological model, a systems perspective and whole system thinking, the approach has been applied in a wide range of geographical and organisational contexts. This paper reports on a qualitative study undertaken through in-depth interviews with key individuals widely acknowledged to have been the architects and pilots of the settings movement. Exploring the development of the settings approach, policy and practice integration, and connectedness ‘outwards’, ‘upwards’ and ‘beyond health’, it concludes that the settings approach has much to offer—but will only realise its potential impact on the wellbeing of people, places and the planet if it builds bridges between silos and reconfigures itself for the globalised 21st century. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing in collaboration with leaders in the health care arena has developed a new role in nursing, the clinical nurse leader (CNL). The CNL is a master's-prepared advanced nurse generalist, accountable for providing high-quality, cost- effective care for a cohort of patients in a specific microsystem. Although initial implementation of the CNL has been predominantly in urban acute care settings, the skill set of the CNL role is equally applicable to diverse clinical settings, such as smaller rural hospitals, home-based home care providers, long-term care facilities, schools, Veteran's Administration facilities, and public health settings. This article reports the strategies used and the progress made at The University of Alabama Capstone College of Nursing in the development of innovative partnerships to develop the role of the CNL in diverse clinical settings. With academia and practice working in partnership, the goal of transforming health care and improving patient outcomes can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: The increase in the incidence of suicide bombings on urban civilian populations in the recent years necessitates a better understanding of the related epidemiology in order to improve the outcome of future casualties. Objective: To characterise the epidemiology of mass casualty incidents following suicide explosions in relation to the surrounding settings. Methods: This study presents an analysis of the immediate medical consequences of 12 consecutive multiple casualty incidents (MCI''s). Both pre-hospital and in-hospital data was assessed for each event including EMS evacuation times, types of injuries, body regions involved, Emergency Department (ED) triage, ED interventions and surgical procedures performed. Results: The average arrival time of the first ambulance to the scene was 6.8±2.3min. The first “urgent” patient was evacuated in average of 7.6±5.3min later, while the last “urgent” patient was evacuated 27.8±7.9min after the explosion. Explosions that occurred in buses had the worst rates of overall mortality (21.2%). However, those who survived closed space explosions suffered from the highest number of severe and moderate (ISS>8) injuries (22.9%). Casualties in this group underwent the largest number of both Emergency Room and Surgical interventions. Of the three settings, open space explosions resulted in the largest numbers of casualties with the smallest percentage of severe injuries or death. Conclusions: MCIs resulting from suicide explosions can be classified according to the setting of the event since each group was found to have distinct epidemiological characteristics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: In recent years the use of powder cocaine among socially integrated adolescents and young adults has normalised. It is no longer an extraordinary drug to use in trendy/innovative as well as mainstreams clubs. Not much research has been done on motivations for and settings in which this cocaine use takes place. Methods: To gain insight in normalisation and trends in cocaine use, we used quantitative data from the National Prevalence Study on Substance Use (NPS) 1997, 2001 and 2005. To gain insight in social settings and motivations (initiation and continuation), and in the combined use of cocaine with alcohol and/or other drugs, we analysed mostly qualitative data from in-depth interviews with 55 adolescents and young adults who used cocaine in the past year. Results: The NPS studies show a rising trend in lifetime cocaine use, a fall in incidence, and a fall in continuation rates. From the interviews we learn that cocaine has further normalised. Cocaine is – and stays – attractive because of the ritual of snorting (the route of administration). Initiation is often planned. Effects play a role in the continuation of use, not in initiation. Motivations for use are divided into three categories: physical, mental and social. Cocaine is used in nightlife and home settings, together with friends, and it is often combined with alcohol (on the same occasion), because of feeling mentally clear and being able to drink more. Conclusion: About 5% of adolescents have used cocaine at least once in their lives. They feel it can be used in every setting, since it leaves a user in control. While acknowledging the negative side effects, young users try to regulate their cocaine use in order to regulate these effects. Although high frequent use is an exception in our sample, we cannot foretell how many might develop a pattern of problematic use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Farming is acknowledged to be a dangerous occupation that poses risks for farmers, farm employees and family members. This paper explores the farm as a setting where health promotion and prevention programs can be implemented. We present data from an occupational health and safety needs assessment of 347 farms in the South Central region of the province of Alberta, Canada. The data are used to describe farmers’ familiarity with farm living, thoughts on farm safety, the numbers of people working and types of work performed, other work, income, and the availability of resources. Results are discussed in terms of implications for practitioners under three proposed justifications for a settings model. Data revealed that there is so much heterogeneity among these farms that an ecological settings approach to program development that accounts for both the composition and context of rural settings is more appropriate than the settings model currently in use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Recent trends identify a global rise in the use of drugs such as ecstasy as part of nightlife behaviour. In order to protect young people''s health, a variety of harm reduction interventions have been implemented, often focusing on the direct effects of substance use. However, the risk to health posed by substances is also related to the nightlife environment in which they are used. A healthy settings approach to nightclubs allows environmental issues and substance use to be tackled together. Consequently, a wider range of individuals and organisations feel capable of participating in the risk reduction process. Some countries have already developed integrated approaches to nightlife health. However, growth in international travel associated with nightlife and the additional risks posed by nightclubbing in an unfamiliar country mean that both interventions and basic health and safety measures are now required on an international basis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Non-homogeneous political incentives are found to determine social welfare provisions in rural India. • On ground distributive politics around welfare provision is shaped by innovative forms of clientelist transactions. • Political alignment patterns within local governments are decisive in shaping distributive outcomes. • Underlying social structures and practices can inhibit democratic decentralisation initiatives. Despite a strong state and a slew of poverty reduction/welfare programmes, the provision of basic services to the rural poor in India remains puzzlingly inadequate. Moving away from the usual trend of aggregate welfare impact analysis that characterises most studies on this theme, we explore the on-ground distributive politics around the implementation of India's flagship social welfare programme, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS). Based on a mixed-method study in the state of West Bengal, using observational primary data and ethnographic material across 46 sample village councils (gram panchayats) from 2013 to 2018, we draw attention to the non-homogeneity in the way political incentives of welfare provision are orientated towards different parties and individual stakeholders. In doing so, we traverse across multiple domains of political economic concepts, particularly that of partisan alignment, clientelism and patronage, and unpack the differentiated constellation of localised political incentives founded on a unique form of transactional paradigm called settings. We show how these on-ground transactions provide a multitude of political incentives for ruling/opposition political parties and panchayat functionaries, often going beyond conventional ethno-favouritism ideas of patronage and assuming a more personalised context. In turn, we also argue that the idea of settings is useful in providing a deeper understanding of local state-society relations and the political geography of welfare provisions in rural eastern India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opium is a substance extracted from Papaver somniferum L that is chronically abused specially in the traditional production regions. Reports on opium poisoning has largely disappeared from the occidental literature on drug problems but recent scientific articles show cases of death related to opium in industrialized countries. This fact led us to consider the interest of knowing the state of the art of acute opium intoxication in modern times. This work shows a compilation of these uncommon cases occurred in different settings and circumstances. Data were obtained by a computer assisted search of the literature using the key words "opium poisoning", "poppy", "poppy seeds", and "papaver somniferum" in PubMed, accompanied by a hand search of the reference lists of all articles for any relevant studies not included in the database. In addition, Google Scholar, government reports, and cases adequately documented on websites were reviewed. Type 1 cases, Accidental opium intoxications when it is used as a recreational drug: Reported cases came mainly from industrialized countries. They were mostly male with a range age of 17-64 years. Many had antecedents of alcoholism or drug abuse and opium tea was used as a substitute of heroin. Rachacha has caused poisonings in France and has been detected in a stash in Spain. Toxicological analysis was documented in forensic cases. The danger of this renewed interest in opium is exemplified in that many of the poisoning cases resulted in fatalities. Type 2 cases, Accidental opium intoxications in children or adults when it used as folk remedy: Pediatric intoxication after the use of opium as folk remedy are mainly published in traditional opium-producing areas with a long history of use or ethnic communities in England or USA. Addiction to opium was common among relatives. Type 3 cases, Opium intoxications with poppy seeds consumed as food: Due to excessive consumption of opium seeds as food, sporadic cases of mild toxicity had been reported and morphine contents were documented. Type 4 cases: Accidental opium intoxications when using the abdominal or pelvic cavity for concealing the drug: Accidental opium body packer intoxications are seen in patients who traveled from illegal opium areas of production. Type 5 cases: Suicides by opium: Opium was a prevalent agent among cases of suicides in Iran but data are scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background For people with cervical Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), access to computers can be difficult, thus several devices have been developed to facilitate their use. However, text input speed remains very slow compared to users who do not have a disability, even with these devices. Several methods have been developed to increase text input speed, such as Word Prediction Software (WPS). Health-Related Professionals (HRP) often recommend this type of software to people with cervical SCI. WPS can be customized using different settings. It is likely that the settings used will influence the effectiveness of the software on text input speed. However, there is currently a lack of literature regarding professional practices for the setting of WPS as well as the impact for users. The aim of this study is to analyze word prediction software settings used by HRP for people with cervical SCI. Method A questionnaire was submitted to HRP who advise tetraplegic people regarding the use of communication devices. Results A total of 93 professionals responded to the survey. The most frequently recommended software was Skippy, a commercially available software. HRP rated the importance of the possibility to customise the settings as high. Moreover, they rated some settings as more important than others ( p < 0.001). However, except for the number of words displayed, each setting was configured by less than 50% of HRP. Discussion and conclusion The results showed that there was a difference between the perception of the importance of some settings and data in the literature regarding the optimization of settings. Moreover, although some parameters were considered as very important, they were rarely specifically configured. Confidence in default settings and lack of information regarding optimal settings seem to be the main reasons for this discordance. This could also explain the disparate results of studies which evaluated the impact of WPS on text input speed in people with cervical SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]