Search

Livestock and poultry and their meat products (LPMP) are significant in providing human nutrients. However, the presence of off-flavors such as boar taint from pork, "mutton" odor from mutton, and so on poses challenges to consumer acceptability. Hence, exploring the sources of off-flavors and ways to reduce off-flavors is particularly vital for the increasing consumption of the market. This review discusses the causes and mechanisms of off-flavor formation, and the physical, chemical, and biological means of off-flavor removal in LPMP are systematically and comprehensively reviewed. Finally, it summarizes the current challenges and prospects of off-flavors control in LPMP. Before slaughter, the off-flavors like boar taint, "grazing" flavor, etc. may be affected by species, sex, and feeding conditions. During the slaughtering, environment, and method may have an influence. Subsequently, handling methods at the stages of cooking and processing, packaging and storage can affect the development of specific off-flavors like "warm" and "rancid" flavors. These off-flavors are primarily attributed to lipid oxidation and degradation, protein oxidation and degradation, and microbial metabolism. Lastly, some novel removal techniques including electrolyzed water, ultrasound thawing, supercritical carbon dioxide, cold plasma, antioxidant active film, microbial fermentation, etc. which have shown good properties in slowing off-odors are summarized. The trend of composite methods, smart technologies, and blockchain is expected to show promising prospects in the future. These can provide certain ideas for the improvement of the quality and the industrial development of LPMP. • The undesirable effects of off-flavors from livestock and poultry are pointed out. • The off-flavors come from the various processes from slaughter to storage of meat. • The formation mechanism of off-flavors from livestock and poultry are summarized. • Some physical, chemical, and biological regulations for off-flavor are analyzed. • The combination of smart packaging and blockchain for off-odor control is promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Coordination environment manipulation of SACs is systematically reviewed. • The progress in regulation strategies for coordination environment is summarized. • Characterization techniques for coordination environment are summarized. • Current challenges in coordination environment manipulation of SACs are proposed. • Future perspectives of coordination environment manipulation are put forward. Single atom catalysts (SACs) provide a competitive strategy for addressing energy shortages and environmental pollution issues. The coordination environment (CE) almost determines the catalytic performance, selectivity and robustness of SACs. In the past few years, a large number of strategies have been developed to precisely manipulate the CE of SACs. Further identification and manipulation of the CE of SACs is the prerequisite for understanding the geometric structure and physicochemical properties of SACs at the atomic scale. Therefore, the regulation strategies for the CE of SACs were summarized to comprehensively demonstrate the latest understanding of the structure–activity relationship, especially in terms of geometric information and chemical environment configuration. On this basis, the mainstream technologies for characterizing the CE of SACs were reviewed, in order to get a deeper understanding of the microenvironment-activity relationship of SACs. Subsequently, the application cases of CE manipulation of SACs in energy and environmental catalysis were summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives for the CE manipulation of SACs were proposed. We believe that this paper will provide meaningful value for the microenvironment manipulation of SACs, and realize the ultimate commercial application of SACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining phase change materials (PCMs) with building envelopes has emerged as an effective means to improve the thermal performance of envelopes and achieve the energy conservation and emission reduction in buildings. However, the PCM envelopes with constant phase change temperature and thermal conductivity typically work in a single season and have limited thermal regulation functions. This study proposed a double-layer heterogeneous phase change (DHPC) wall, composing two kinds of PCMs with different thermal conductivities and phase change temperatures. The thermal storage capacity, energy-saving rate and indoor thermal comfort of DHPC wall were analyzed under passive and active regulation strategies to evaluated its thermal performance in different seasons. In summer, the peak temperature of DHPC wall/box decreased by 6.6 °C/1.5 °C compared with the gypsum wall/box, which was further lowered by 1.7 °C/3.3 °C after introducing the cool water. In winter, the average temperature drop rate of gypsum/DHPC wall was 3.7/1.6 °C/h, and the thermal comfort interval duration of DHPC box increased to 92.8% ∼ 87.7% after introducing the hot water. Compared with gypsum wall/box, the attenuation factor and heat load level of DHPC wall/box decreased by 6.7% ∼ 27.3% and 4.0% ∼ 67.6% respectively, the heat storage coefficient increased by −4.2% ∼ 197.1%, and the energy-saving rate reached 9.0% ∼ 22.7%. The results showed that DHPC wall could efficiently meet the thermal requirements in winter and summer, and thus had broad application prospects. • A phase change wall with dual melting points and thermal conductivities was tested. • The seasonal thermal performance was evaluated under passive/active strategies. • The thermal insulation, storage and comfort were better under active strategies. • The thermal performance of proposed DHPC wall was superior to gypsum wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proposed a crop-specific control method for soil moisture and light intensity. • Analyzed the contribution of interaction terms by the generalized additive model. • Adopted the gaussian curvature algorithm to analyze the variation of the surface. • Established a regulation strategy based on the Gaussian curvature maximum. Soil moisture (SM) exerts a significant impact on crop growth, interacting with environmental factors such as temperature, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and CO 2 , ultimately affecting crop photosynthesis (Pn). This study employs a nested experimental design to investigate the photosynthetic activity of cucumber seedlings under diverse environmental conditions and establishes a support vector regression (SVR) model for Pn prediction. The SVR model takes temperature, PPFD, SM, and CO 2 concentration as inputs and demonstrates a high level of accuracy (The model's coefficient of determination = 0.9830, root mean square error = 0.9138). Subsequently, through a generalized additive model, the study unveils the significant impact of interactions between SM and PPFD on Pn. Accordingly, this research constructs a Pn response surface based on these two factors and identifies the maximum point of Gaussian curvature on this surface. Polynomial regression is applied to these points, yielding a comprehensive regulation strategy for SM and PPFD. In comparison to traditional methods based on maximizing Pn, this innovative approach reduces Pn by 12.9 % while significantly conserving light (35.59 %) and water (32.80 %) consumption. Although no significant changes are observed in crop physiological traits (plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, fresh weight), substantial variations are noted in irrigation volume and PPFD consumption. Thus, the regulation strategy proposed in this study embodies efficiency and energy conservation in greenhouse crop cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known functional food-grade and medicinal mushroom with 2000-year history for promoting health and longevity in Asian countries. G. lucidum polysaccharides are the most investigated biological components due to their attracting nutritional and medicinal values. The increasing efforts have also attempted to understand the biosynthesis pathways of G. lucidum polysaccharides and the roles of involved key genes based on the recent rapid advances and increasing availability in G. lucidum genome. On this basis, the present study presented the updated progresses on structural characteristics, bioactivities/potential mechanisms, and complex biosynthesis process/associated key genes of G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) in the past 5 years. The recent process optimization and genetic engineering to maximally produce GLPs were also summarized. The future trends and challenges to answer the structure-activity relationship, biosynthesis and molecular regulation of GLPs are also proposed. • Updated progress of structures, bioactivities and mechanisms of GLPs was presented. • A complex process and the key genes corresponding to GLP biosynthesis were outlined. • Mutation, process and genetic strategies to maximally produce GLPs were summarized. • New perspectives on functions and regulation strategies of GLPs were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel immersed self-aerated biofilm reactor was used to treat rural wastewater. • 76% SND ratio was achieved in a single reactor without aeration equipment. • The system was efficient in wastewater treatment with lower energy consumption. • 70% immersion ratio and 4 r/min obtained higher removal efficiency. • nxrA , nirSK , narGHI , napABC , norBC and nosZ were highly expressed functional genes. To achieve energy-efficient treatment of the rural wastewater with satisfying performance, a novel immersed rotating self-aerated biofilm reactor (iRSABR) was proposed in this study. The iRSABR system showed better biofilm renewal performance and higher microbial activity. The effect of different regulation strategies on the iRSABR system was investigated in this study. The 70% immersion ratio and 4 r/min rotation speed (stage III) exhibited the best performance, with a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 86% and a simultaneous nitrification–denitrification (SND) rate of 76%, along with the highest electron transport system activity. The nitrogen removal pathway revealed that the SND was achieved through autotrophic/heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic/anoxic denitrification. The regulation strategy in the iRSABR system established a synergistic microbial community with main functional bacteria of nitrification (Nitrosomonas), anoxic denitrification (Flavobacterium , Pseudoxanthomonas), and aerobic denitrification (Thauera). This study highlighted the feasibility and adaptability of the iRSABR system toward energy-efficient rural wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown a link between emotion regulation (ER) repertoire, the range of ER strategies an individual employs and the degree to which they rely on them, and well-being. However, this advancement is hindered by the lack of a single measurement tool capable of assessing multiple ER strategies on a common scale. The current paper reports on two studies utilizing the Regulation of Emotion Systems Survey (RESS), a new self-report measure allowing for variable- and person-centered analyses of six common ER strategies (Distraction, Rumination, Reappraisal, Suppression, Engagement, Arousal Control). Study 1 (n = 1582) included scale development, validation, and Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). Results showed the RESS is a valid, reliable, and effective measure. Three profiles were identified (Average, Suppression Propensity, Engagement Propensity). The Average group reported greater psychosocial functioning than the Suppression group. Study 2 (n = 100) LPA indicated 4 profiles (Average, Suppression Propensity, Engagement Propensity, Multi-strategy) and assessed the effects of emotionality. The Average group reported lower emotional awareness than the Engagement and Multi-Strategy groups. Profiles did not differ on frequency or intensity of emotions. Findings demonstrated the utility of the RESS and confirm the importance of ER repertoires to better understand connections between ER and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has become a hot issue in realizing regional sustainable development to discuss the influencing factors and regulatory pathway of ecosystem health. However, the lack of driving mechanisms and regulatory pathways for ecosystem health limit the development of effective environmental management policies and urban planning. In this study, taking the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River (MRYR) of China as the study area, we introduced spatial weight coefficient and modified coefficient of spatial proximity effect to improve the "Vigor–Organization-Resilience-Ecosystem services" (VORS) model, and adopted the improved VORS model to dynamically assess the ecosystem health level. Then, we provide an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of climate and human activities affecting ecosystem health. Finally, the multi-scale regulation of ecosystem health was implemented. The results showed that topography, climate, population urbanization, economic urbanization, land urbanization, agricultural activities, environmental pollution, regional policies and other factors all have a significant impact on the ecosystem health, but the direction and extent of impact had obvious spatial heterogeneity. The negative impact of potential evapotranspiration on ecosystem health is significantly higher in urban agglomerations than in other regions. Regular and compact urban forms are conducive to the health of urban ecosystems, and appropriate urban size and strict urban development boundaries are conducive to maintaining high level of ecosystem health in riverine cities. The evolution of the spatial relationship between environmental pollution and ecosystem health in the MRYR (ecologically vulnerable areas in the western region and urban agglomerations in mid-east region) verifies the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The study area was divided into three eco-management zones at regional scale and ten eco-management zones at county scale by using the spatial superposition analysis method. Based on this, the multi-scale regulation strategies of ecosystem health was proposed. This study improved the assessment model of ecosystem health, expanded the theoretical research on driving mechanism and multi-scale regulation pathways of ecosystem health. The research results can provide scientific basis for environmental management and urban planning in ecologically fragile areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a complex "soil" ecosystem, the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumors. Reprogramming TME can block the interactive network between tumors and extracellular matrix (ECM) / various surrounding cells and contribute to tumor effective damage, which is a potential therapeutic target in oncotherapy. Nanobiomaterials have received more attention due to their excellent drug loading and easy functionalization properties, which have been extensively integrated into the construction of engineered drug delivery nanosystems for TME normalization therapy. It has become a commanding point in the field of anti-tumor therapy. This review intends to present and analyze advanced nanotechnology strategies for normalizing TME from 7 different aspects including the reprogramming of extracellular matrix (ECM), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), abnormal blood vasculatures, hypoxia, tumor acidosis, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor immune tolerance microenvironment based on the various engineered drug delivery nanosystems. It also discusses the currently existing problems and future development trends, which are expected to be helpful for the translational application of nanomedicine in clinical cancer therapy. [Display omitted] • Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumors. • Reprogramming TME is a promising therapeutic approach in oncotherapy. • This review analyzes advanced nanotechnology strategies for normalizing TME. • It also discusses existing issues and future development trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While researchers have proposed a reciprocal relationship between why and how students study, scant research has effectively tested this model. The current study tests this model with first-year students, after one month at university and again in the final month of their first year. Participating students ( n = 933) enrolled across 6 faculties were studying at one private Japanese university in Western Japan. All students reported their motivational deficits for studying and their regulation strategies at two time points. Longitudinal structural equation modelling, which incorporated gender as a predictor and Grade Point Average as an outcome, was undertaken. Modelling identified: 1) self-regulation and lack of (but not external) regulation as important predictors of future motivations; 2) task valuation and effort beliefs as key determinants of future self-regulation; 3) ability beliefs as the key predictor of future achievement. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging research suggests that two features of emotional contexts (emotion intensity, emotion type) predict spontaneous use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies. However, prior work has not examined the interactive effects of emotion intensity and emotion type on the selection of specific ER strategies. This is a noteworthy omission because in real life, emotional situations are characterized by a combination of emotion intensity and type. We recruited 562 participants and asked them to report their use of 7 ER strategies across self-identified stressful contexts that varied in emotion intensity (moderate, high) and primary emotion elicited (anger, anxiety, sadness). Participants reported using ER strategies to a greater extent in high versus moderate emotionally intense contexts, and in response to sadness (versus anger). Further, high intensity sadness prompted greater use of expressive suppression than other contexts. Our findings underscore the importance of taking into account emotional contextual features as predictors of spontaneous ER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is extensively used in the fields of medicine, cosmetics, food, and health care due to its function as an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis promoter and antioxidant. In recent years, the market demand (about 988–1369 tons/year) and application potential of CoQ 10 have expanded, so it is necessary to enhance CoQ 10 production. Microbial synthesis has gradually become a promising and commercially viable CoQ 1 0 production method because of microorganisms have a high CoQ 10 content, they are widely available, and they are inexpensive to grow. Among the microorganisms able to produce CoQ 10 , purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are desirable and preferred because of their ability of resource recovery with high yield from wastewater and the great potential of scaling up. In this review, the pros and cons of CoQ10 production methods are described and compared. The advantages of CoQ10 production from PNSB are detailed and illustrated. The influence factors and corresponding regulation strategies are summarized to effectively increase CoQ10 production from PNSB. Based on production cost benefits and environmental sustainability profiles, a novel, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly conversion route for CoQ10 production from non-toxic wastewater by using PNSB is proposed. By using this novel route, the nutrients from wastewater are converted into PNSB biomass, which contains various value-added products (CoQ 10 , carotenoids, bacteriochlorophyll, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and protein), carbohydrates and metal elements. The cost of light, medium provisions, and temperature control can be reduced or saved. In addition, no fermentation residual broth was produced, and clean water can be obtained. Moreover, existing problems, such as the purity of CoQ 10 products derived from wastewaters and the CoQ 10 extraction method are analyzed. The perspectives of future research are also proposed to promote the development of CoQ10 production using PNSB. [Display omitted] • Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) technology for CoQ10 production was summarized and compared. • A novel CoQ10 conversion route from non-toxic wastewater using PNSB was proposed. • Pros and cons of CoQ10 production from non-toxic wastewater were analyzed. • Regulation strategies to enhance CoQ10 production by PNSB were summarized. • Knowledge gaps and research needs of PNSB CoQ10 production were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To expand the field of harmony theory research, new paths for sustainable development of agricultural regions are explored. The uncertainty problem is selected to determine the optimal parameters of the random forest (RF) model. This paper uses the Dragonfly algorithm (DA) to calibrate the RF model parameters, proposes an improved model (DA-RF), and applies it to measure the agricultural water and soil resources composite system harmony (AWSRCSH) of the Jiansanjiang Branch of the Heilongjiang Great Northern Wilderness Agribusiness Group Corporation. The results show that the DA-RF model can effectively improve the simulation ability and stability with a running time that is longer than that of an empirical method. The annual variation in the AWSRCSH of the Jiansanjiang Branch presents an "N-type" trend. From 1997 to 2005, the branch had not yet entered a peak period of resource and agricultural development, while the AWSRCSH had steadily improved during this period. From 2005 to 2008, due to predatory operations, the AWSRCSH decreased, and the speed of this decrease increased. From 2008 to 2016, since local water and soil resource development was strictly controlled and agricultural modernization increased, the AWSRCSH gradually increased. Due to the advantages of water resources and topography, the AWSRCSH in the farms adjacent to the river was greater than that in inland farms. To address the slow growth rate of the AWSRCSH, some adaptive regulation strategies were proposed according to key driving factors, and the effect of harmonious regulation was predicted. • Construct AWSRCSH measurement model based on the DA-RF model. • Explore the characteristics and possible causes of the spatial and temporal evolution of AWSRCSH of Jiansanjiang Branch. • Evaluate the performance of the DA-RF model. • Explore the regulation strategy based on AWSRCSH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situated within a cohort of Chinese preschool teachers' emotional experiences, this study shows that preschool teachers' emotional labor is characterized by its long duration, high intensity, and diversity in emotional interactions. The findings also reveal three rules governing preschool teachers' emotional labor, including being adept in emotional control, active use of emotions, and keeping smiling service. In response to these rules, preschool teachers regulate their emotions with four major strategies of disguising, restraining, self-persuading, and releasing. The paper concludes with implications on how preschool teachers' emotion regulation can be better supported. • The emotional characteristics include long time, high intensity, and diversity. • Preschool teachers' emotional labor was governed by three set of rules. • Regulation strategies are disguising, restraining, self-persuading, and releasing. • Chinese preschool teachers tend to be downgraded to service-providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]