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Physical activity (PA) may prevent depressive symptoms, however, PA fluctuations may have different effects. Using three waves of nationally representative data, this study aimed to examine the effects of PA fluctuations on depressive symptoms. Participants comprised 7633 adults free of depressive symptoms at the first two waves (M age = 45.26, 54.70 % males). They completed the China Family Panel Study in 2016 (T1), 2018 (T2), and 2020 (T3), respectively. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES–D) scale using a cutoff of 16. Participants' PA levels were split into regular PA or infrequent PA groups. Changes in PA levels between T1 and T2 were classified into four groups: maintained infrequent PA, initiated regular PA, ceased regular PA, and persisted regular PA. The incidence of depressive symptoms was 20.22 % (19.05 % possible and 1.17 % severe depression). After multivariate adjustment, Poisson regression showed that persistent regular PA had 17.8 % (95 % CI: 0.724, 0.934) lower risks of incident depressive symptoms compared to maintained infrequent PA. And adults who ceased regular PA were more likely to experience depressive symptoms than those who persisted in regular PA (RR = 1.188, 95 % CI: 1.010, 1.398). All items were self-reported. CES–D only examined self-diagnosed depressive symptoms, not medical diagnoses. Adults who persisted in regular PA may have a lower possibility of developing depressive symptoms. The finding might serve as an empirical reference to depression prevention. • The incidence of depressive symptoms was 20.22 % (19.05 % possible and 1.17 % severe depression). • 31.55 % of adults in China changed their PA levels over a two-year period. • Persistent regular PA has lower incidence of depressive symptoms than maintenance infrequent PA. • Ceasing regular PA has higher incidence of depressive symptoms than persistent adults. • Initiating regular PA has no statistically significant antidepressant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular physical activity (PA) has been suggested as effective disease preventable strategies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Depression often precedes PD but whether PA also would reduce the risk of PD in patients with depression has not been known. The aim of study is to examine the association of regular PA with risk of PD among patients with depressive disorder. A total of 1,342,282 patients with depressive disorder were identified from a nationwide health screening cohort from 2010 to 2016. The exposure was changes in pattern of regular PA between pre-and post-diagnosis of depressive disorder, categorized as four groups; 1) no PA, 2) increased PA, 3) decreased PA, and 4) maintaining PA. The outcome was risk of incident PD, calculated using multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards regressions according to the PA categorization. Total of 8901 PD cases (0.66%) were developed during 5.3 years of follow-up period. Maintaining PA group was associated with the lowest risk of PD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.89, 95% CI 0.83–0.97) among all other PA groups with depressive disorder (with no PA group as reference). Otherwise, decreased PA group significantly increased the risk of PD (aHR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.16). Those who maintained PA before and after diagnosis of depressive disorder were associated with lower risk of incident PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac interoception, the ability to sense and process cardiac afferent signals, has been shown to improve after a single session of acute physical exercise. However, it remains unclear whether repetitive engagement in physical exercise over time leads to long-term changes in cardiac interoceptive accuracy. It is also unknown whether those changes affect the neural activity associated with the processing of afferent cardiac signals, assessed by the heart-evoked potential (HEP). In this study, we aimed to investigate this hypothesis through two cross-sectional studies, categorizing participants as active or inactive based on physical fitness (Study I; N = 45) or self-reported physical activity levels (Study II; N = 60). Interoception was assessed at rest using the HEP (Studies I and II), the Heartbeat Counting task (Study II), and the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) (Study II). Study I showed strong evidence of better cardiovascular fitness in the active group than in the inactive group as well as robust between-group differences in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. Study 2 replicated the clear differences in ECG as a function of regular physical activity. Those results were expected due to clear differences in physical activity habits. In contrast, our analysis revealed no robust differences between groups across cardiac interoception tasks and the RHI, although the direct relevance of these measures to interoception remains under investigation. In sum, our results do not provide convincing evidence to support a strong version of the notion that regular physical exercise is associated with an enhanced in cardiac interoception. • Exercise did not significantly correlate with cardiac interoception measures (HEP, HBC, RHI). • ECG readings showed notable variances between high-fit and low-fit individuals, aligning with prior research. • Results suggest exercise may not significantly enhance cardiac interoception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional and bioenergetics impact of regular physical activity upon type-2 diabetic skeletal muscle independently of confounding factors of overweight remains undocumented. Here, gastrocnemius muscle energy fluxes, mitochondrial capacity and mechanical performance were assessed noninvasively and longitudinally in non-obese diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and dynamic 31-phosphorus MR spectroscopy ( 31 P-MRS) throughout a 6-min fatiguing bout of exercise performed before, in the middle (4-week) and at the end of an 8-week training protocol consisting in 60-min daily run on a treadmill. The training protocol reduced plasmatic insulin level (−61%) whereas blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids levels remained unaffected, thereby indicating an improvement of insulin sensitivity. It also increased muscle mitochondrial citrate synthase activity (+45%) but this increase did not enhance oxidative ATP synthesis capacity in working muscle in vivo while glycolytic ATP production was increased (+33%). On the other hand, the training protocol impaired maximal force-generating capacity (−9%), total amount of force produced (−12%) and increased ATP cost of contraction (+32%) during the fatiguing exercise. Importantly, these deleterious effects were transiently worsened in the middle of the 8-week period, in association with reduced oxidative capacity and increased basal [P i ]/[PCr] ratio (an in vivo biomarker of muscle damage). These data demonstrate that the beneficial effect of regular training on insulin sensitivity in non-obese diabetic rat occurs separately from any improvement in muscle mitochondrial function and might be linked to an increased capacity for metabolizing glucose through anaerobic process in exercising muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif Évaluer les connaissances des médecins généralistes d’Ille-et-Vilaine et des départements limitrophes en matière de recommandations d’activité physique régulière (APR), ainsi que leur avis et ressenti sur leur prescription écrite. Matériels et méthodes Une étude descriptive a été réalisée par envoi postal d’un questionnaire aux médecins généralistes. L’enquête s’est déroulée d’avril à juin 2010. Résultats Les résultats ont montré que les médecins généralistes repéraient et conseillaient très souvent les APR aux patients atteints de pathologies chroniques (respectivement 45,9 et 51,9 %), mais que certaines font trop peu l’objet de ces conseils telles que les insuffisances cardio-respiratoires, les cancers, l’arthrose et la fibromyalgie. La prescription écrite a été la méthode la moins utilisée, derrière le conseil oral et la remise de document d’information. Cependant, plus du quart d’entre eux ont considéré la prescription écrite comme un moyen plus efficace que la remise de documents, mais toujours moins que le conseil oral. Le principal obstacle a été le manque de temps en consultation, suivi par le manque de connaissance sur le sujet. La majorité des médecins ont été demandeurs de la réalisation de fiches à remettre aux patients et de formations sur la prescription écrite d’APR. Un quart d’entre eux ont considéré la collaboration avec les services de médecine du sport et les éducateurs médico-sportifs comme des facteurs pouvant les aider à prescrire. Summary Objective To assess the knowledge of GPs of Ille-et-Vilaine and neighboring departments on the recommendations of regular physical activity (RPA), as well as their opinions and feelings about their written prescription. Materials and methods A descriptive study was conducted by mailing a questionnaire to GPs. The survey was conducted from April to June 2010. Results The results showed that GPs often located and advised PRA to patients with chronic conditions (45.9 and 51.9 % respectively), but some are too few tips subject to these guidelines, such as chronic heart disease, chronic respiratory disease, cancers, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia. Written prescription was the least used behind the oral advice and the delivery of document information. However, more than a quarter of them have considered the written prescription as a more effective delivery of documents, but still less effective than oral advice. The main obstacle was the lack of time for consultation, followed by a lack of knowledge on the subject. The majority of doctors were demanding the implementation of PRA sheets to give to patients and training on the written prescription. A quarter of them have considered the collaboration with the sports medicine and sports medicine educators as factors that may help to prescribe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: De nombreuses études ont montré les effets bénéfiques de l’exercice physique au niveau physiologique et psychologique. Cependant, les mécanismes de l’adoption et du maintien d’une pratique physique régulière restent mal connus, d’où les difficultés rencontrées dans la mise en œuvre d’interventions efficaces à court et long termes. Le modèle transthéorique, mis au point par Prochaska et DiClemente, permet de mieux comprendre les différents mécanismes du changement intentionnel de comportement. Ce modèle postule que les différentes stratégies d’intervention devraient être adaptées au stade de changement d’un individu. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter ce modèle avec ses différentes composantes et la façon dont elles s’articulent à travers le continuum de la motivation au changement. Les nouvelles applications, dont notamment l’activité physique régulière et les méthodes d’interventions, seront ensuite passées en revue. Enfin, des perspectives et orientations futures de recherche seront présentées. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Little information is available on the provision of physical fitness and intervention program among people with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study is to provide information of examining the effectiveness of healthy physical fitness programs on people with intellectual disabilities living in a disability institution. There were 146 participants with intellectual disabilities (age 19–67 years) were recruited in the study. We collected information on disability condition (type and level), height, weight, BMI, and physical fitness status (includes V-shape sit and reach test, sit-up 30s, sit-up 60s, and shuttle run) at the beginning and 6 months later of the program intervention. The results show that there were statistical decreases in individual''s weight, BMI score, BMI category, and positive improvement in V-shape sit and reach test, sit-up in 30s and 60s tests after 6-month interventions. However, the shuttle run test did not improve at the post-test among people with intellectual disabilities. The results also showed that the mild disability level group has the highest effectiveness on the healthy fitness program on decreasing body weight. Generally speaking, the preliminary study found the healthy exercise program has positive fitness effects on people with intellectual disabilities. To maximize the benefits of regular physical activity on people with ID, there is a need to evaluate the long-term effect of the intervention program and then to initiate the healthy exercise strategies in institution for this group of people. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The association between oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases is a widely accepted fact today. Generally, men have a higher risk of cardiovascular incidents and mortality from acute myocardial infarction and strokes. We have examined sport-associated circannual rhythms of oxidant and antioxidant processes by measuring plasma LPO, erythrocyte SOD, CAT, Gpx activity and plasma hormonal status in both sedentary and long-term trained men and women. We have shown seasonal variations in both oxidant and antioxidant status in all examined groups. The largest difference was observed in the oxidant status between sedentary men and women during autumn and winter, which is considered a period of high coronary risk for men. Sport decreased LPO in trained men in autumn, while the same effect in trained women was shifted towards summer. These data state that regular, long-term physical exercise training induces adaptive responses that confer protection against oxidative stress, as well as the beneficial effect of exercise with regard to season, particularly in men during a period of high coronary risk (autumn and winter, respectively) and in women during summer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]