Search

The Huixian karst wetland, situated in southwest China, is the largest karst wetland. Historically, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have negatively affected the aquatic environment and the health of surrounding residents. In this study, the pollution status and environmental fate of OCPs in multiple environmental media in the Huixian wetland were investigated. The 15 OCPs' total concentration ranges in lake water, ditch water, groundwater, and lake sediment were 46.8–306 ng·L−1, 77.8–251 ng·L−1, 26.0–233 ng·L−1, and 44.8–345 ng·g−1, respectively. The concentrations and proportions of the different OCPs demonstrated significant seasonality. Historical residues are the main source of OCPs in the region, as evidenced by the typical ratios of DDTs and HCHs. Karst regions are extremely vulnerable to environmental changes, as evidenced by the highly dynamic character of the karst wetland system and the rapid migration of multimodal OCPs in different media without considerable damage. According to the risk assessment, both the possible carcinogenic risk to sediments in the Huixian wetland and the ecological risk to water bodies were acceptable. In contrast, the consumption of lake water may put the local population at health risk, which is a cause of concern. [Display omitted] • The concentrations and proportions of the 15 OCPs varied seasonally. • HCHs had a greater ability to move around and scatter than DDTs from surface water to groundwater. • The sediments of Huixian wetlands serve as an important source of OCPs secondary pollution in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A systematic analysis of how environmental factors affect the virus spread. • Examination of transmission pathway of COVID-19 into built and natural environment. • State of art review of systems analysis tools to assess the dynamics of COVID-19. • The One-Health based decision tool that would help policymakers to combat COVID-19. COVID-19 is deemed as the most critical world health calamity of the 21st century, leading to dramatic life loss. There is a pressing need to understand the multi-stage dynamics, including transmission routes of the virus and environmental conditions due to the possibility of multiple waves of COVID-19 in the future. In this paper, a systematic examination of the literature is conducted associating the virus-laden-aerosol and transmission of these microparticles into the multimedia environment, including built environments. Particularly, this paper provides a critical review of state-of-the-art modelling tools apt for COVID-19 spread and transmission pathways. GIS-based, risk-based, and artificial intelligence-based tools are discussed for their application in the surveillance and forecasting of COVID-19. Primary environmental factors that act as simulators for the spread of the virus include meteorological variation, low air quality, pollen abundance, and spatial-temporal variation. However, the influence of these environmental factors on COVID-19 spread is still equivocal because of other non-pharmaceutical factors. The limitations of different modelling methods suggest the need for a multidisciplinary approach, including the 'One-Health' concept. Extended One-Health-based decision tools would assist policymakers in making informed decisions such as social gatherings, indoor environment improvement, and COVID-19 risk mitigation by adapting the control measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]