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Companies and academic laboratories are pursuing the production of gametes from stem cells. Researchers should be active participants in discussions about speculative scenarios, to avoid this endeavor to accommodate genetic parenthood undermines the value it is meant to serve, because of either unrealistic or insufficient ethical reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in vitro gastrointestinal model was used to explore the role of solid–liquid separation method on the bioaccessibility of trace elements in a smelter-impacted soil (NIST-2711) from Helena, MT and a mine overburden from an open-pit gold and silver mine in Mount Nansen, YK (YK-OVB). Separation methods studied included centrifugation (5000 g , 12 000 g ), syringe microfiltration (0.45 μm), and ultrafiltration (1000 kDa, 50 kDa, 30 kDa, 10 kDa, 3 kDa). Results indicated that the use of syringe microfiltration generally yields the same bioaccessibility as the use of centrifugation and that the speed of centrifugation does not typically affect metal bioaccessibility. However, ultrafiltration consistently yields a significantly lower bioaccessibility than the use of centrifugation and syringe microfiltration. There are rarely any differences between bioaccessibility estimates generated using a low-resistance (1000 kDa) and a high-resistance (3 kDa) ultrafiltration membrane; therefore, under the in vitro gastrointestinal conditions modeled herein, negligible quantities of trace elements are complexed to small molecules between 3 and 1000 kDa. The primary exceptions to these trends were observed for Pb in NIST-2711 (5000 g > 12 000 g > 0.45 μm > ultrafiltration) and for Tl in NIST-2711 and YK-OVB (5000 g ∼ 12 000 g > 0.45 μm > ultrafiltration). These results provide valuable information to researchers attempting to expand the use of in vitro bioaccessibility beyond soil Pb and As. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectif: En France, la contraception est accessible pour tous, pourtant, le nombre d’interruption volontaire de grossesse (IVG) ne régresse pas, notamment chez les jeunes. Le but de notre étude est d’analyser, dans le contexte guadeloupéen, les caractéristiques de la population des mineures demandeuses d’une IVG. Méthodes: Cette étude rétrospective analyse les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et médicales de 129 mineures ayant bénéficié d’une IVG en 2010, dans notre centre d’orthogénie. Pour 67 d’entre elles, les résultats d’entretien avec la psychologue sont aussi rapportés. Résultats: Issues préférentiellement de familles nombreuses monoparentales, ces jeunes filles avaient un âge moyen de 15,9ans (±1,12), 96,1 % étaient nées en France, 10,9 % avaient déjà eu une grossesse, 67,2 % avaient un partenaire majeur et 64,4 % utilisaient une contraception avant l’IVG. Les motivations premières de l’IVG étaient la poursuite des études et le jeune âge ; 55,1 % de ces demandes survenaient après neuf semaines d’aménorrhée et 43,3 % des patientes rapportaient des difficultés d’ordre psychologique liées à l’IVG. Conclusion: À partir de ce profil type, notre étude propose des éléments de réflexion susceptibles d’aider à la lutte contre les grossesses non désirées dans cette population particulière des mineures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The goal of this work was to determine the influences exerted on minors during a request for voluntary termination of pregnancy (TOP). Patients and methods: We made a retrospective descriptive study at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Nice. Two hundred (and) four minor patients were included, from January 1st 2003 to December 31st 2004. Results: In the majority of cases, the entourage (sexual partner or parents) who are informed of the request for TOP support the patient in her choice. In more than 56% of cases, the parents are not informed of the request for TOP. Discussion and conclusion: It seems, for minors, that it is the need for conforming to the existing social model which motivates the majority of the requests for TOP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]