Search

[Display omitted] • GBE and ginsenoside Re reduced body weight gain in high-fat diet-fed mice. • GBE and ginsenoside Re induced favorable changes in blood lipid levels and glucose. • GBE and ginsenoside Re improved exercise performance and muscle mass. • GBE and ginsenoside Re activated Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1α/PPARδ signaling pathway and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis. This study investigated the effects of ginseng berry extract (GBE) and its major ginsenoside Re (GinRe) on skeletal muscle atrophy and exercise performance. GBE and GinRe upregulated the mRNA expression of sirtuin1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) in C2C12 myotubes. Administration of GBE and GinRe in high-fat diet-induced muscle atrophy mice enhanced endurance exercise performance and increased skeletal muscle weight with a significant downregulation of skeletal muscle atrophy genes and upregulation of oxidative myosin heavy chain subtypes, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation regulatory genes in skeletal muscle tissue. Oral administration of GBE and GinRe enhanced the protein expression of SIRT1, phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/PGC-1α/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPARδ) signaling axis in skeletal muscle tissue, acting as an exercise metabolism regulator. These results suggest that GBE and GinRe have the potential to enhance exercise performance through mitochondrial biogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In GBE plus metformin treatment, GBE plus metformin showed the additive efficacy against obesity, hepatic steatosis and hyperglycemia! • GBE ameliorated obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice fed high-fat diet. • GBE increased organic cation transporter-mediated metformin uptake in liver. • GBE plus metformin additively ameliorated obesity and hepatic steatosis. • GBE itself and GBE plus metformin could be useful to regulate metabolic disorders. Ginseng berry extract contains plenty of ginsenosides showing anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic activities. Regarding that long-term intakes of herbal products to control metabolic disorders as popular alternatives have become popular, ginseng berry extract plus metformin is an attractive item for long-term glycemic control. Herein, we investigated the effect of ginseng berry extract (GBE) or its combination with metformin against obesity and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet fed mice. GBE altered abnormal features (e.g. body weight, serum profiles, hepatic steatosis/inflammation and fat mass). Concomitantly, GBE increased mRNA levels of adiponectin and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein. All these changes were observed in metformin alone and GBE plus metformin. Moreover, in GBE plus metformin intake, GBE increased organic cation transporter-mediated metformin uptake in liver and mRNA of AMP-activated protein kinase together, which additively ameliorated obesity and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, GBE itself and GBE plus metformin could be useful to regulate metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]