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This concept analysis study identified attributes and defined psychiatric nursing competency among psychiatric nurses. The approach of Walker and Avant was used for concept analysis, and a literature review was completed including eight steps. The concept of psychiatric nursing competency was identified as five attributes: professional assessment, situation coping skills, communication, cooperation, and self-management. Antecedents of the concept were psychiatric nursing education and experience, and the consequences were patient outcomes, patient safety, and efficiency of care. Psychiatric nursing competency was defined as the comprehensive ability to care for psychiatric patients appropriately and effectively in the nursing situation. This study is meaningful in that it clarified psychiatric nursing competency among psychiatric nurses, and the attributes and empirical referents of this study will be the basis for development to a psychiatric nursing competency measurement tool. • Psychiatric nurses should check whether they have psychiatric nursing competency and strive to supplement the necessary one. • To this end, it is essential to first confirm what psychiatric nursing competency is. • In this study, the approach of Walker and Avant was applied to analyze a concept of psychiatric nursing competency. • The significance of this study is that it comprehensively analyzed the concept. • The results of this study can lead to research on the development of a measurement tool, which will contribute to the confirmation of psychiatric nursing competency by psychiatric nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formal Thought Disorder (FTD) is a recognised psychiatric symptom, yet its characterisation remains debated. This is problematic because it contributes to poor efficiency and heterogeneity in psychiatric research, with salient clinical impact. This study aimed to investigate expert opinion on the concept, measurement and clinical utility of FTD using the Delphi technique. Across three rounds, experts were queried on their definitions of FTD, methods for the assessment and measurement of FTD, associated clinical outcomes and treatment options. Responses were obtained from 56 experts, demonstrating varying levels of consensus across different aspects of FTD. While consensus (>80 %) was reached for some aspects on the concept of FTD, including its definition and associated symptomology and mechanisms, others remained less clear. Overall, the universal importance attributed to the clinical understanding, measurement and treatment of FTD was clear, although consensus was infrequent as to the reasons behind and methods for doing so. Our results contribute to the still elusive formal definition of FTD. The multitude of interpretations regarding these topics highlights the need for further clarity with this phenomenon. Our findings emphasised that the measurement and clinical utility of FTD are closely tied to the concept; hence, until there is agreement on the concept of FTD, difficulties with measuring and understanding its clinical usefulness to inform treatment interventions will persist. Future FTD research should focus on clarifying the factor structure and dimensionality to determine the latent structure and elucidate the core clinical phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Destructive testing methods, such as Vickers hardness test or hole drilling methods for residual stress evaluation have long been conventional approaches in manufacturing to investigate surface integrity and are widely being used in industry to date. However, their limitations in terms of material damage and high costs have spurred the exploration of non-destructive testing alternatives like Barkhausen noise analysis. So far almost exclusively data-driven and empirical models have been used to employ Barkhausen noise analysis as a non-destructive testing method in manufacturing. These models provide valid predictions for the manufacturing process and the specific material studied. However, they lack the capability to be generalized to other process conditions and materials. Physics-based models on the other hand provide the generalizability needed for widespread industrial applications. This strength turns out to be a weakness when trying to extract residual stress or microstructural properties from these models. The goal of this paper is, to provide an overview of published data-driven models in literature with thematic relevance to manufacturing processes and to propose a new, generalizable model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With new data about different aspects of schizophrenia being continually generated, it becomes necessary to periodically revisit exactly what we know. Along with a need to review what we currently know about schizophrenia, there is an equal imperative to evaluate the construct itself. With these objectives, we undertook an iterative, multi-phase process involving fifty international experts in the field, with each step building on learnings from the prior one. This review assembles currently established findings about schizophrenia (construct, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical expression, treatment) and posits what they reveal about its nature. Schizophrenia is a heritable, complex, multi-dimensional syndrome with varying degrees of psychotic, negative, cognitive, mood, and motor manifestations. The illness exhibits a remitting and relapsing course, with varying degrees of recovery among affected individuals with most experiencing significant social and functional impairment. Genetic risk factors likely include thousands of common genetic variants that each have a small impact on an individual's risk and a plethora of rare gene variants that have a larger individual impact on risk. Their biological effects are concentrated in the brain and many of the same variants also increase the risk of other psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, autism, and other neurodevelopmental conditions. Environmental risk factors include but are not limited to urban residence in childhood, migration, older paternal age at birth, cannabis use, childhood trauma, antenatal maternal infection, and perinatal hypoxia. Structural, functional, and neurochemical brain alterations implicate multiple regions and functional circuits. Dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists and partial agonists improve psychotic symptoms and reduce risk of relapse. Certain psychological and psychosocial interventions are beneficial. Early intervention can reduce treatment delay and improve outcomes. Schizophrenia is increasingly considered to be a heterogeneous syndrome and not a singular disease entity. There is no necessary or sufficient etiology, pathology, set of clinical features, or treatment that fully circumscribes this syndrome. A single, common pathophysiological pathway appears unlikely. The boundaries of schizophrenia remain fuzzy, suggesting the absence of a categorical fit and need to reconceptualize it as a broader, multi-dimensional and/or spectrum construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les lois ouvrant au droit d'obtenir une aide active à mourir concernent initialement des personnes atteintes d'affections incurables entraînant des souffrances insupportables et engageant le pronostic vital à court ou à moyen terme. Mais ces lois sont toujours suivies de propositions et de débats visant à étendre les indications de l'euthanasie ou du suicide assisté aux affections incurables, même si elles n'engagent pas le pronostic vital sitôt qu'elles entraînent des souffrances insupportables. Et c'est ainsi que certains pays acceptent que des maladies psychiatriques déclarées incurables constituent des indications permettant d'accéder à une aide active à mourir. C'est ainsi qu'en Belgique, aux Pays-Bas, la presse a rapporté le parcours de personnes dépressives ou atteintes de stress post-traumatique qui ont été euthanasiées au terme d'un parcours qui vise à recueillir deux avis psychiatriques déclarant leur affection incurable sans qu'il s'agisse d'une réflexion collégiale sur le diagnostic et sur les programmes thérapeutiques mis en œuvre. Dépression et stress post-traumatique ne représentent toutefois en Belgique que moins de la moitié des indications d'euthanasie pour maladie psychiatrique. Restent les malades étiquetés psychotiques et les troubles mal définis de la personnalité et du comportement. Les indications psychiatriques de l'euthanasie engagent des interrogations éthiques qui leur sont spécifiques. Comment ne pas souligner l'incertitude et la complexité du diagnostic qui ne peut pas en règle être étayé par l'imagerie ou la biologie ? Comment comprendre que des indications d'euthanasie soient acceptées pour des malades chez lesquels plusieurs diagnostics psychiatriques ont été posés ? D'un bout à l'autre de la procédure, le problème est de recueillir les avis de deux psychiatres déclarant que les troubles sont incurables, que les souffrances sont intolérables et que les capacités de discernement des malades sont préservées. La décision procède ainsi d'un paternalisme libertarien convaincu de la dimension humaniste de l'aide active à mourir et qui réalise une incitation (nudge) dont l'objectif, fixé par la loi, est seulement de savoir si les souffrances sont incurables, sans remettre en question le diagnostic et les programmes thérapeutiques. Comment affirmer qu'une maladie mentale est incurable ? Comment distinguer le dégoût de la vie de la personne déprimée et la souffrance dite existentielle ? Comment concilier la prévention du suicide en cas de dépression et d'isolement social et en même temps encourager le suicide assisté ou l'euthanasie de ces mêmes personnes. Quels sont les critères qui permettraient de vérifier que les capacités de discernement sont préservées ? Le danger n'est-il pas, au nom d'un acharnement autonomique, de déclarer qu'une personne est autonome alors qu'elle est soumise à l'hétéronomie d'une dépression, d'un délire, de troubles obsessionnels ? Le monde de la psychiatrie ne peut pas éluder de tels questionnements éthiques. Ainsi, la Société américaine de psychiatrie a estimé qu'un « psychiatre ne doit pas prescrire ou administrer tout produit ayant pour but de provoquer la mort d'une personne malade qui n'est pas en phase terminale ». D'autres associations psychiatriques ont des positions hésitantes. Le débat doit être ouvert. Il doit concerner celles et ceux qui traitent, soignent et accompagnent ces personnes de tous âges dont la santé mentale est souffrante. Il doit, au-delà, concerner chaque citoyenne, chaque citoyen. Laws granting the right to obtain active assistance in dying initially concern people suffering from incurable illnesses that cause unbearable suffering and are life-threatening in the short to medium term. But these laws are always followed by proposals and debates aimed at extending the indications for euthanasia or assisted suicide to incurable conditions, even if they are not life-threatening, as soon as they cause unbearable suffering. And so it is that some countries accept psychiatric illnesses that are declared incurable as indications for access to active assistance in dying. In Belgium and the Netherlands, for example, the press has reported on cases of people suffering from depression or post-traumatic stress disorder who have been euthanized at the end of an authorization process that involves two psychiatric opinions declaring their condition incurable, without any collegial reflection on the diagnosis or the therapeutic programs implemented. Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, however, account for less than half of all indications for euthanasia for psychiatric illness in Belgium. That leaves us with patients labelled psychotic and with ill-defined personality and behaviour disorders. Psychiatric indications for euthanasia raise their own specific ethical issues. How can we fail to underline the uncertainty and complexity of the diagnosis, which cannot, as a rule, be supported by imaging or biology? How can we understand that indications for euthanasia are accepted for patients with several psychiatric diagnoses? From one end of the procedure to the other, the problem is to obtain the opinions of two psychiatrists declaring that the disorders are incurable, that the suffering is intolerable and that the patient's capacity for discernment is intact. The decision thus stems from a libertarian paternalism convinced of the humanist dimension of active aid in dying, and which results in an incentive (nudge) whose aim, set by the law, is only to know whether the suffering is incurable, without calling into question the diagnosis and therapeutic programs. How can we say that a mental illness is incurable? How can we distinguish between a depressed person's disgust with life and so-called existential suffering? How can we reconcile preventing suicide in cases of depression and social isolation, while at the same time encouraging assisted suicide or euthanasia for the same people? What are the criteria for verifying that the capacity for discernment has been preserved? Is there not a danger, in the name of autonomic relentlessness, of declaring that a person is autonomous when in fact he or she is subject to the heteronomy of depression, delirium or obsessive disorders? The world of psychiatry cannot avoid such questions. The American Psychiatric Association, for example, has adopted the position on medical euthanasia holding that "a psychiatrist should not prescribe or administer any intervention to a non-terminally ill person for the purpose of causing death". Other psychiatric associations have hesitant positions. The debate must be opened. It must involve all those who treat, care for and support people of all ages whose mental health is suffering. It must also concern every citizen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human health and the health of the planet are inextricably interconnected. The human impact on the environment and likewise the impact of the environment on human health is well documented across various areas of study. Climate change, air and water pollutants, land usage, vector borne illness, and other examples demonstrate this relationship. Nurse educators would be negligent if this knowledge was not integrated and aligned with AACN Essentials competencies to demonstrate acquisition of knowledge. The five domains of the Planetary Health Education Framework were mapped to the AACN Essentials competency based framework. Crosswalks were developed for Level 1 and Level 2 Domains, Competencies, and Sub- Competencies with the Planetary Health Domains. Specific Planetary Health outcomes were identified with supporting resources. Exemplars demonstrate the application of the Planetary Health domains to classroom activities and learning objectives. In order for graduates to be practice ready, practice to the full scope of their license, and practice from a holistic perspective, nursing education programs must address the reciprocal impacts of planetary health and human health as it is imperative for the health of all. • Health of the planet affects human health. • Planetary health as a concept to include in the AACN Essentials • Mapping planetary health domains to the AACN Essentials • Teaching exemplars for integrating planetary health into nursing curricula [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deciding whether to transition to wound palliation is challenging for health care professionals because there is no agreed definition or understanding of palliative wound care, including the goals, core elements and differences from general wound management. To conduct a scoping review with qualitative synthesis to define palliative wound care in terms of its conceptual framework, goals, principles, components, and differences from general wound management, and provide a new definition of palliative wound care based on this scoping review. Published literature that refers to the definitions, concept, goals and core elements of palliative wound care using any methodological approach, without any time limits, published in English. The searches were conducted in CINAHL Complete via Ebsco, Medline via Ovid, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A data extraction form was developed by the review team and used independently for data charting purposes. Braun and Clarke's six phases of thematic analysis guided the qualitative synthesis. A total of 133 publications met the inclusion criteria. Three main themes were developed to define palliative wound care and understand its differences from general wound management: 1- Healing potential of wounds and patient vulnerability, 2- Understanding the impact on individuals and family to address needs, 3- Towards new goals and perspectives in approach to care. Palliative wound care focuses on symptom management, comfort, and dignity, but does not always target the healing of the wound, which is the goal of general wound care. The needs of the individual and their family must be addressed by clinicians through the provision of care and support that takes into account the true meaning of living and dying with a palliative wound. A review protocol was developed but not registered. • We propose a new person- and family-centred definition of palliative wound care that is holistic and interdisciplinary. • Palliative wound care differs from general wound care and is not limited to symptom control and management. • It focuses on protecting comfort and dignity and targets both wounds that may or may not heal. • Palliative wound care includes treatment of persons who are vulnerable and have impaired quality of life. • The true meaning of living and dying with a palliative wound must be understood to align care with patient and family needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le vécu d'ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences) est à ce jour considéré comme un déterminant majeur dans la survenue à l'âge adulte de problématiques de santé physiques et psychologiques. Malgré le caractère prolifique de ce domaine de recherche, un certain nombre de flous conceptuels subsistent, dont témoignent notamment l'absence de définition claire des ACEs ou encore leur appellation dans la littérature. Cette faiblesse conceptuelle a des conséquences pour l'étude, non seulement de la gamme d'adversités à considérer et les paramètres à prendre compte (i.e., gravité, temporalité, durée), mais aussi en ce qui concerne les dysfonctionnements qui découlent de cette adversité. Au-delà de l'impact sur la compréhension de ce qu'est ou n'est pas un vécu d'adversité, ces flous rendent particulièrement délicats son évaluation, le recueil de données sur la base de critères suffisamment homogènes, ainsi que l'espoir d'une prévention efficiente. En effet, si l'on veut agir sur les maux de l'adversité, il convient de circonscrire l'objet pour mieux comprendre ses modalités d'expression, ses déterminants et ses conséquences sur la santé. L'objectif de cet article sera de proposer un état des lieux des différentes compréhensions de l'adversité pour clarifier ce concept. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons souhaité nous focaliser sur deux axes principaux, le premier relatif à l'identification du contexte d'émergence des travaux sur les ACEs et le second qui concernera la question au combien crucial de leur conceptualisation. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been consistently linked with negative physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Despite decades of research dedicated this phenomenon, certain inconsistency exists in the literature regarding how ACEs are conceptually defined. This lack of clarification can impact study outcomes, not only in terms of the range of adversities to be considered and parameters to account for (i.e., severity, temporality, duration), but also with regard to the nature of dysfunctions that result from ACEs. Beyond impacting our overall understanding of what adverse experiences encompass, this obscurity concerning their operational definition complicates how they are assessed, the process of collecting data based on homogeneous criteria and ultimately can hinder effective prevention. Indeed, any meaningful advancement towards treating illness associated with ACEs will require more rigorous definition of ACEs to better understand how they manifest and their specific impact on health outcomes. Our objective in this article is to propose a comprehensive inventory of existing definitions of adversity with a view to clarifying this concept. Within the framework of that objective, we focused on two principal axes: the context of the emerging work on ACEs and the critical question of how ACEs are conceptually defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food loss and waste over-uses natural resources and is responsible for a considerable share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, increasing food prices and growing food insecurity internationally make instances of food wastage appear even more irresponsible and showcase the inefficiencies of the current food system. A new concept in the toolbox for fighting food loss and waste is upcycling – value enhancing use of ingredients otherwise wasted – that leads to upcycled food. However, not all products currently called 'upcycled food' live up to the resource-saving and value-adding promise entailed in the idea of 'upcycling', and products markedly differ in how 'radical' the upcycling is from a consumer perspective. To shed light on this, we introduce a two-folded definition that hinges on current consumer edibility perception and has a view to changing consumer perception; We show that there are two types of upcycled food which each have a distinct role and contribution to preserving natural resources - one is avoiding resources are wasted that have gone into food production, thus constituting upcycled foods through alternative use, the other is diversifying and broadening the food resource base, thus constituting upcycled foods through novel use. We provide examples of these upcycled food types and highlight potential boundaries from a sustainable development goal perspective. Mainstreaming the idea of upcycling in food systems has huge potential for improving circularity in the food system. Untapping this potential needs collaboration across the whole value chain and taking a food system perspective, such as when being well-aware of the boundaries arising from the dynamic nature of the topic and the interdependencies. • Upcycling can tackle food waste but its definition and boundaries are unclear. • We introduce two-folded definition differentiating alternative versus novel use. • Each of the two types has an own contribution to food loss and waste. • We outline the boundaries arising from the dynamic and interdependent nature of upcycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the conceptions of critical thinking in national and local policy documents for teaching placement, using the case of teacher education programs at a Swedish university. The concept under scrutiny is based on three contemporary theoretical models of critical thinking in education: critical thinking movement, critical pedagogy, and "criticality" movement. In Sweden, the teacher profession is framed with a broader socio-ethical scope than the focus on individual cognitive skills of the critical thinking movement. Critical reflection and self-reflection , two conceptions identified with the criticality ideal of education for critical being, prevail in the analyzed documents. • Critical thinking is a concept whose meaning is constituted by contemporary theoretical models. • National and local policy documents framing student placement are scrutinized for conceptions of critical thinking. • Argumentation-cognitive skills do not play a central role in framing student teachers' professional practice. • Conceptions pertaining to other critical thinking models (with a stronger socio-ethical and ontological focus) prevail. • Further research on practicing critical thinking in the school placement is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insufficient sleep can initiate or exacerbate anxiety by triggering excessive fear generalization. In this study, a de novo paradigm was developed and used to examine the neural mechanisms governing the effects of sleep deprivation on processing perceptual and concept-based fear generalizations. A between-subject design was adopted, wherein a control group (who had a typical night's sleep) and a one-night sleep deprivation group completed a fear acquisition task at 9:00 PM on the first day and underwent a generalization test the following morning at 7:00 AM. In the fear acquisition task, navy blue and olive green were used as perceptual cues (P+ and P−, respectively), while animals and furniture items were used as conceptual cues (C+ and C−, respectively). Generalization was tested for four novel generalized categories (C+P+, C+P−, C−P+, and C−P−). Shock expectancy ratings, skin conductance responses, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy were recorded during the fear acquisition and generalization processes. Compared with the group who had a typical night's sleep, the sleep deprived group showed higher shock expectancy ratings (especially for P+ and C−), increased oxygenated hemoglobin in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and increased activation in the triangular inferior frontal gyrus during the generalization test. These findings suggest that sleep deprivation increases the generalization of threat memories, thus providing insights into the overgeneralization characteristics of anxiety and fear-related disorders. • Developed a novel paradigm to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on perceptual and concept-based fear generalization. • First psychophysiological study showing all-night sleep deprivation affects both perceptual and conceptual fear generalization. • Sleep-deprived group showed differences in fear learning at perceptual versus conceptual levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the concept of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) has reached its 20th anniversary, it has only grown in relevance. However, the principles are only applied scarcely, although industry recognize the benefits. The transition is limited by a lack of methods which support the practical design of reconfigurable and modular architectures of manufacturing systems and their constituents in brownfield contexts. To address these issues, recent research proposes to modify the Modular Function Deployment (MFD) with a revised set of drivers and tools. Therefore, this paper presents a modified MFD with value-chain considerations and supportive tools, which is validated in an industrial case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology is increasingly finding acceptance in all sectors of the construction industry including, as a first step, the architectural design, and after a set of multi activities concerning civil engineering (structures, building, budgeting, maintenance or operation). The elaboration of a complete project requires a BIM multi step workflow, including modelling, analysis, and the optimization of the final product that must be coordinated by a BIM manager. This new function within an enterprise, office or in single project is essential in a BIM context, as the main concept of the methodology is the centralization of all the information obtained throughout the elaboration of a complete project. The main competencies of a BIM manager: to deliver responsibility between all professional involved in a project; to authorize each expert to develop, change or transfer its project component; to indicate and control the level of information that a BIM model must include according to the Level of Development or Detail (LOD) established for each step of the project. The level of maturity of an enterprise or office is, in part, evaluated in a base of the integration of processes, using adequately the available BIM platforms, and in the level of collaboration established between the team regarding all the project process. The maturity achieved around the world is supported on governmental policies adopted by each country, in a mandatory or progressive way. The aspects related to the maturity achieved in an enterprise and the efficiency of the BIM manager work are the main objectives focused in the text. Several remarks were workout and presented, as a positive contribution to the dissemination of the BIM implementation in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le terme de « bovarysme » est tiré du roman de Gustave Flaubert (1857) Madame Bovary. Après avoir fait scandale sur le plan littéraire (et avoir été condamnée par les tribunaux), le type de personnalité incarné par Emma Bovary a été adopté par les psychiatres, après qu'un philosophe, un peu oublié aujourd'hui, Jules de Gaultier, eut proposé, en 1882, d'en faire un concept applicable à la maladie mentale. Le bovarysme se définit comme une insatisfaction permanente de la vie réelle et le besoin d'aspirer à « autre chose », la plupart du temps inatteignable et irréalisable. Don Quichotte est une excellente figure littéraire du bovarysme. Sur le plan psychiatrique, le bovarysme a été rapproché de l'hystérie (à la fin du XIXe siècle), de la dégénérescence et de la paranoïa (au début du XXe). Dans sa thèse de 1923, Jacques Lacan fait du bovarysme une composante permanente du psychisme normal, pouvant évoluer soit vers le meilleur (ne pas se contenter d'une vie médiocre en aspirant à une amélioration raisonnable), soit vers le pire (en méprisant la vie réelle pour lui substituer des rêves inatteignables, irréalistes et parfois dangereux). Emma Bovary a clos ses rêves inaccessibles en se suicidant à l'arsenic. Madame Bovary is a novel written by Gustave Flaubert in 1857. After being criticized (and condemned) for "its erotism", the novel has been widely appreciated and became à kind of best seller. Emma Bovary, the main character of the story, is an ill-married woman, whose husband is an MD in a small market town in Normandy, not far from the city of Rouen. In this small provincial town, Emma is getting bored day after day and dreams of a better life. She tries to get it through an adulterine relationship with two lovers, Rodolphe, a country gentleman and Leon, a village managing clerk. Both affairs turned out to be painful failures. In 1882, a philosopher, Jules de Gaultier, propounded to take the personality of Emma Bovary as a psychological pattern for persons who are everlastingly unsatisfied and dream their life instead of living it. Bovarism has been lately adopted by numerous psychiatrists (especially in the beginning of the XXth century) and closely related to several various mental troubles as hysteria, paranoia, even degeneration. Jacques Lacan, the well-known French psychoanalyst, keeps the Bovarism is in fact an integral part of every average personality. For the best: trying to overcome the difficulties of a boring life to get an access at something better; for the worst: despising the reality to escape into an unrealizable dreaming world (Don Quichotte syndrom). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author's basic design concept of an artificial cognitive system is that story generation is an essential dimension of the mind. In this paper, a brief preliminary report on the development of a memory system is presented. The memory system is positioned as a partial system of a cognitive system. Its fundamental roles are to organize a world as a collection of stories and form the forces of generating stories. The memory system is designed as a parallel distributed system. In particular, each memory item—stories, events, concepts, and schemas—corresponds to an internal agent that operates automatically. These memory agents are dynamically organized in a network form through incorporating external simple narrative texts. This organizational process is performed via parallel distributed operations of connection formation and spreading activation among memory agents. The system is implemented in a proof-of-concept fashion. Several preliminary analyses of the system behavior are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that Norton's reconstruction of an example inductive inference in Ch.1 of The Material Theory of Induction mischaracterizes scientific induction by treating the ampliation as separable (and separated) from that inherent in conceptualization per se—effectively severing the putative ampliation from its putative warrant. I sketch an alternative analysis in which ampliation and warrant remain closely coupled through a common root in the primary conceptualizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans le présent article, nous proposons une revue de l'évolution de la conception de la schizophrénie du phénoménologue belge Marc Richir au travers des concepts d'affectivité et de dissociation (Spaltung). Notre objectif est de montrer comment ces notions trouvent leur place dans la refondation de la phénoménologie de Richir et de réfléchir à la pertinence clinique possible de ces conceptions. La Spaltung que nous thématisons dans cet article n'est pas un mode déficient de structures transcendantes ou existentielles, mais caractérise dans une certaine mesure chaque existence humaine. Et c'est paradoxalement à l'endroit de la Spaltung que Richir propose une distinction renouvelée entre le normal et le pathologique inspiré de la phénoménologie. Nous présentons une revue systématique des conceptions de Richir sur la Spaltung et la schizophrénie, depuis ses premiers travaux sur la psychopathologie à la fin des années 1980 jusqu'à ses derniers travaux présentés dans son maître-ouvrage sur les psychopathologies, Phantasia , imagination, affectivité, en 2004. La perspective de Richir offre une nouvelle compréhension de l'expérience schizophrène et de la relation thérapeutique qui peut embrasser les dimensions à la fois incarnée, intersubjective et imaginaire de l'expérience humaine. Elle pourrait ainsi constituer un dispositif heuristique fécond pour la recherche translationnelle en psychiatrie. In the present article we propose to review the evolution of phenomenologist Marc Richir's conception of schizophrenia through the prism of affectivity and dissociation (Spaltung). Although this concept is not at all new – indeed, already Bleuler has proposed to describe the "group of schizophrenias" with this term – we can nevertheless affirm that it appears in a new light in Richir's phenomenological anthropology. Furthermore, the term of Spaltung is absent on the description of schizophrenia in the DSM-5 and reserved for the dissociative disorders. We argue that this notion can be made fruitful not only in the context of a historical analysis of these troubles, but also in the context of phenomenological psychopathology. Our aim is to show how this concept finds its place in Richir's refoundation of transcendental phenomenology and to reflect on the possible clinical relevance of his conception. This objective is related to a second one, implied by Richir's conception of schizophrenia, and namely that of showing that affective troubles associated with mental health issues should not be conceived of in terms of deficiencies. The Spaltung that we thematize in this paper is not a deficient mode of transcendental or existential structures but characterizes to some extent each and every human existence. Paradoxically, it is in the area of Spaltung that Richir proposes a renewed distinction between the normal and the pathological inspired by phenomenology. In order to answer these questions, we present a systematic review of Richir's conceptions of Spaltung and schizophrenia from his first works on psychopathology in late 1980s to his latest work presented in his groundwork on psychopathologies Phantasia, imagination, affectivité in 2004. We were able to identify three moments of Richir's thought: (1) Firstly Richir's understanding of psychosis is in terms of formation of sense (Sinnbildung) and symbolic institution related to the affective tonality (Stimmung) of the experience in general. He describes formation of sense as an inner division of Stimmung in normal and pathological embodied experience. (2) In the second moment, we focus on a further development of the question of affectivity in intersubjective and embodied relationship. Here Richir analyzes this archaic character in its embodied dimension and more precisely in its intersubjective circulation through what he calls the Phantasieleib , a flesh of phantasy. Through the structures of inter-corpreality, affectivity can even be contagious, pass from the intimacy of one flesh to the other, and it is precisely through this contagion-character of the affective circulation that we can also speak of a peculiar contact with the affectivity of a patient suffering from schizophrenia. (3) Lastly, we pursue the analyses of affectivity and its relation the embodiment and imaginary life by drawing on Richir's main work on psychopathology and phenomenological anthropology: Phantasia, imagination, affectivité. In this, he offers a renewed perspective on dissociation (Spaltung): between an embodied affectivity in the Phantasieleib and delusional affectivity that is not embodied, but makes up what Richir calls a Phantomleib. The Spaltung is thus a dissociation of affectivity of its original embodiment and it is characterized by an "atmopsherisation" that relates it to the pure imaginary that functions autonomously, independently of its phenomenological base in phantasy life. These analyses show that a phenomenological approach to schizophrenia is possible without understanding this latter a deficient mode of human experience. Rather, one has to pass through the field of phenomenological anthropology and the phenomenological analysis of sense formations, phantasy, affectivity. Richir's perspective offer a new comprehensive modelisation of schizophrenic experience and therapeutic relationship that can embrasse both embodied, intersubjective and imaginary dimension of human experience. It could be thus a fruitful heuristic device for translational sciences in psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid advancement and complex requirements of the automotive and energy storage industries require lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density and cycle life. The addition of lithium during lithium-ion battery production, known as prelithiation, has been shown to significantly improve these two performance indicators. This paper addresses the challenges of understanding the novel technology of prelithiation and its integration into industrial battery cell production. Different prelithiation processes are analyzed and evaluated. The requirements for a series-capable process are derived and result in a suitable process design for the prelithiation of anodes within the lithium-ion battery production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ces trente dernières années, les résultats de nombreuses recherches tendent à démontrer que la survenue d'un événement cardiovasculaire aigu, tel que l'infarctus du myocarde, peut être à l'origine du développement de symptômes de stress post-traumatique (SSPT) ou d'un trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) qui, à leur tour, participent à une altération de la qualité de vie, de la santé psychique et contribuent à accroître le risque d'événements cardiovasculaires indésirables et de mortalité. Aussi utile et intéressant soit-il, le TSPT doit-il être considéré comme une entité nosographique suffisamment adaptée pour rendre compte, à elle seule, des troubles d'origine traumatique liés aux événements coronariens aigus ? Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, nous expliquerons, tout d'abord, pourquoi une cardiopathie coronaire s'étant manifestée sous la forme d'un événement aigu, à un moment donné, ne peut pas être considérée comme un événement potentiellement traumatique « comme les autres » : nous en préciserons les spécificités. Dans un second temps, nous montrerons que les personnes ayant survécu à un événement cardiaque aigu présentent des difficultés d'ordre traumatique dont la symptomatologie de stress post-traumatique, telle que définie par le DSM-5, ne témoigne pas totalement. Enfin, et compte tenu des limites du concept de TSPT à rendre compte de la complexité des traumatismes psychiques dans le champ de la psycho-cardiologie, et plus précisément dans celui des formes aiguës de cardiopathies ischémiques, nous proposerons quelques pistes de réflexion visant à enrichir la conceptualisation du traumatisme psychique dans ce domaine. Over the past thirty years, the results of a large number of studies have shown that the occurrence of an acute cardiovascular event, such as myocardial infarction, can lead to the development of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which in turn contribute to an impairment in quality of life, psychological health and increase the risk of cardiovascular adverse events and death. However useful and interesting it may be, PTSD should be considered as a nosographic entity sufficiently adapted to account, on its own, for traumatic disorders related to acute coronary events? To answer to this question, we will first explain why an acute cardiovascular event, such as a myocardial infarction, cannot be considered a potentially traumatic event "like any other": we will describe its specific features. In a second step, we will show that people who have survived to myocardial infarction present traumatic difficulties for which the symptomatology of post-traumatic stress, as defined by the DSM-5, does not fully reflect. Finally, and given the limitations of the concept of PTSD in addressing the complexity of psychological trauma in the field of psycho-cardiology, and more specifically in the context of acute forms of ischemic heart disease, we will propose some avenues for reflection aimed at enriching the conceptualization of psychological trauma in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La notion de compensation s'applique à la compréhension des polyconsommations. Les contours mal définis de cette notion compromettant toutefois son utilité clinique, l'objectif de cet article a été de revisiter ses premières assises pour justifier sa place dans le champ de l'addictologie. Une généalogie historique a été ainsi faite sur une sélection de la littérature, cherchant à retracer les origines du concept dans la neurologie et la psychopathologie du xix e siècle et ses remaniements ultérieurs par la psychanalyse. Les résultats visent le raffinement conceptuel des compensations en addictologie, redéfinissant cette notion en tant que comportement ou processus qui, soutenu par des mécanismes psychiques conscients et inconscients, sert à moduler le manque de jouissance consécutif à la rupture d'avec une pratique addictive. Ce concept permet ainsi l'évaluation de la trajectoire d'un sujet qui s'adonne à plusieurs pratiques addictives, à approcher les complications liées à des sevrages et à estimer finement la question des liens entre addictions et troubles psychiques. In clinical practice, it is common to encounter several addictive behaviors that occur concomitantly or sequentially in subjects, this phenomenon has been identified with classical tags such as "mixed substance abuse" or "polysubstance dependence". In despite of the elimination of a specific category for viewing the phenomenon as a whole since the DSM-5, its clinical significance is still relevant and practitioners often use descriptive terms such as "polydrug/polysubstance use", "polydrug/polysubstance abuse" or "polysubstance involvement". In France, the situation is almost identical. There are multiple points of view regarding the simultaneous addictive practices of a subject: "associations of addictions", "co-addictions", "overlaps", "polysubstance use", "dual addictive problems" or "poly-addictions", for example. Recently, quite a few of the country's clinician-researchers have been using the term compensation to identify these phenomena. This notion remains, albeit, limited by theoretical considerations in French addictology studies, and clearly needs to be further addressed since it is imprecise. Thus, the objective of this article will be to revisit the original and theoretical groundwork of the concept of compensation to reinforce its clinical utility and its rationale basis in the field of addictions. Via a review of the classic scientific literature, this approach is in line with the historical genealogy. It is a question of going back to the foundations of the concept of compensation, which finds its origin in neurology and psychoanalysis, then to compare them with the contemporary findings, modest and generally more descriptive. Research guidelines could thus be established to restore the clinical utility of the concept of compensation in contemporary addictology. A current opinion attributed to Adler the origin of the psychoanalytic concept, however this origin is rather multifaceted and complex. When he stated it in 1907 in The Psychological Compensation of the Inferior State of the Organs , the notion of compensation had already been in circulation half a century earlier in the Franco-German work in neurology and psychopathology. At the beginning, the compensations describe an organic or psychological substitution with a neurological base (Charcot, Adler) as an unconscious regulation of a normal conscious state (Jung) or a search for balance when faced with an increase of excitement (Breuer). A later, richer and better defined concept of compensation appeared in Freud's work and continued in the French psychoanalytic tradition thanks to Lacan's work. Indeed, in Freud the notion of compensation goes from a neurological operation to remedy the imbalance of a dysfunctional neuronal function to anthropological and psychopathological analysis. According to him, the constraints of civilization would install in the individual a system of psychological compensation through diversions and sublimation but also harmful consumption. In other words, for the Freudian conception, the very act of harmful consumption would be in itself a compensation activity. Psychoanalytic tradition has developed this thought by Lacan's works on enjoyment. These foundations authorize to conceive the compensation in addictology as a behavior or process, supported by conscious and unconscious psychological mechanisms, which serves to modulate the lack of enjoyment following the break with an addictive practice. In its clinical use, this concept of compensation takes into account the primordial discordance between the social component, the moral constraints and the subjective need for an additional supply of enjoyment. By considering compensations as a solution of recovery of enjoyment for a given subject, the clinician gets a better understanding of the person's addictive trajectory and polysubstance use. This concept also permits the accompaniment of addict patients to improve: compensations are to be understood as the reconstruction of a lost mythical harmony, they can render clarity to the new inventions of the subject to mitigate the dismantling of this reconstruction during withdrawal and they also promote therapeutic creativity to temper the abrupt loss of enjoyment that ensues. In addition, the addictive trajectory of a subject is often marked by breaks in equilibrium with the product (withdrawal, reduced consumption) or polyconsumption that would lead to compensation. This raises specific concerns for researchers and practitioners as new consumption patterns involve implementing adapted strategies of support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new model of episodic memory. It consists of a hierarchy of partial sequences of events, blended for consistency across space and time by feedforward/feedback links to concepts expressing their shared information. This blended concept hierarchy is acquired and represented incrementally through synaptic or connection-weighted adaptation in a neural network with episodic memory capability. We derive this model through argumentation, explain its derivation within a category-theoretic model of representation, and discuss the capabilities we propose for this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les aliénistes parisiens du début du XIXe siècle, Pinel et Esquirol et leurs élèves, décrivent sous le terme de « passions » plusieurs émotions qu'ils envisagent comme étiologies aux dérèglements de l'esprit. Déjà, depuis plus d'un siècle, des médecins et physiologistes usent, eux, de la vivisection afin de tenter d'éclairer la physiologie de ces sensations associant activité cérébrale et manifestions physiques corporelles qu'ils unissent en usant du terme de « sympathies ». Ainsi, en 1692, Brisseau explique la vasomotricité en individualisant le muscle de la paroi artérielle. Pourfour du Petit met en évidence l'activité du système sympathique sur l'œil en 1710 et distingue l'activité du nerf sympathique de celle du nerf pneumogastrique. Dutrochet suggère, lui, en 1810, l'existence d'un autre type de message que celui transmis par le système nerveux afin d'expliquer les sympathies, pressentant l'existence du message hormonal. Brachet, à partir de 1823, à la fois clinicien, physiologiste et expérimentateur, tente réellement, le premier en France, non pas seulement d'établir une description clinique des passions-émotions et des sympathies, mais aussi d'en donner un substrat organo-fonctionnel, l'activité du système ganglionnaire ou neuro-végétatif, en précurseur des théories de James et Lange en 1884. À la même époque, le débat entre aliénistes sur l'origine morale ou physique de la folie est en plein bourgeonnement. Pendant que Georget considère la folie comme idiopathique et sans trace anatomopathologique macroscopique établie, Bayle et Delaye isolent la paralysie générale en 1822–1824 et proposent le premier substratum anatomopathologique à une forme de maladie mentale mais sans donner une réelle explication physiopathologique aux symptômes observés. Après avoir exposé les principaux travaux menés depuis le XVIIe siècle afin d'éclairer les mécanismes physiologiques à l'origine des émotions et des sympathies, conduisant, au XIXesiècle, au concept de système nerveux végétatif, cet article passe en revue nombre d'écrits célèbres de Pinel, Esquirol, Georget ou Parchappe contant moult exemples de sympathies, et met ainsi en lumière l'absence de passerelles entre les savoirs des aliénistes et ceux des physiologistes, leurs contemporains, en ne pouvant qu'émettre des hypothèses quant à l'explication. Les œillères entre spécialités sont donc anciennes, au détriment des malades, avant tout. At the beginning of the 19th century, Parisian alienists such as Pinel, Esquirol, and their students used the term "passions" to describe several emotions which they saw as aetiologies for disturbances of the mind. For more than a century, physicians and physiologists had already been using vivisection in an attempt to understand the physiology of these sensations, which associate brain activity and physical manifestations in the body, sensations they grouped together under the term "sympathies". For example, in 1692 Brisseau explained vasomotricity by individualising the muscle of the arterial wall. In 1710, Pourfour du Petit brought to light the activity of the sympathetic system on the eye and distinguished the activity of the sympathetic nerve from that of the vagus nerve. Then, in 1810, Dutrochet suggested the existence of another type of message, different than that transmitted by the nervous system, on order to explain sympathies, pre-figuring the discovery of hormonal messages. Starting in 1823, Brachet, at once a clinician, physiologist, and experimenter, was the first in France to make a real attempt to describe passion-emotions and sympathies clinically. Furthermore, he gave them an organofunctional substrate – the activity of the ganglionic or autonomous system. His work made him a precursor for the theories of James and Lange in 1884. At around the same time, the debate between alienists on the moral or physical cause of madness was very active. Whereas Georget considered madness as an idiopathy without any established macroscopic anatomopathological trace, Bayle and Delaye isolated general paralysis in 1822–1824 and proposed the first anatomopathological substratum for a form of mental illness, but without a real physiological explanation of the symptoms observed. This article begins by presenting the main studies conducted since the 17th century to better understand the physiological mechanisms causing emotions and sympathies, studies which led to the emergence in the 19th century of the concept of the autonomous nervous system. This will be followed by a review of famous writings by Pinel, Esquirol, Georget, and Parchappe, which give numerous examples of sympathies and indicate that alienists did not share knowledge with the physiologists among their contemporaries. However, it is difficult to formulate an explanation for this. Blinkers between specialities have existed for a very long time, to the detriment of patients especially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the contribution of first-person sensory experience to concepts by comparing the meanings of perception (visual/tactile) and emission (light/sound) verbs among congenitally blind (N = 25) and sighted speakers (N = 22). Participants judged semantic similarity for pairs of verbs referring to events of visual (e.g. to peek), tactile (e.g. to feel) and amodal perception (e.g. to perceive) as well as light (e.g. to shimmer) and sound (e.g. to boom) emission and manner of motion (to roll) (total word pairs, N = 2041). Relative to the sighted, blind speakers had higher agreement among themselves on touch perception and sound emission verbs. However, for visual verbs, the judgments of blind and sighted participants were indistinguishable, both in the semantic criteria used and subject-wise variability. Blind and sighted individuals alike differentiate visual perception verbs from verbs of touch and amodal perception and differentiate among acts of visual perception e.g. intense/continuous from brief acts of looking (e.g. peek vs. stare). Light emission verbs are differentiated according to intensity (blaze vs. glow) and stability (blaze vs. flash). Thus detailed knowledge of visual word meanings is acquired without first-person sensory access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical competency is essential for nursing student preparation although acute clinical experiences are limited. An innovative pedagogical strategy was utilized to meet curricular requirements in a Family Health Nursing course. National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN), Health Education Systems Incorporated (HESI) exit and HESI maternity examination scores increased, and student feedback and faculty satisfaction improved. Program outcomes were not negatively affected by elimination of the acute care clinicals. Community clinical experiences with obstetrical simulation may be utilized as a feasible strategy to meet program outcomes. • NCLEX-RN and HESI scores increased without acute obstetric clinical experiences. • Student satisfaction and affiliate feedback improved from community clinicals. • Community clinical sites suffice for associate degree education, policy, and practice. • Accreditation standards are achievable by community clinical experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-solid-state batteries (ASSB) are considered as promising energy storage systems for consumer electronics and electric mobility because of their high safety, long life and high energy density. Currently, electrochemistry and materials research attempt to produce ASSB cells on laboratory scale. One future challenge will be to characterize the required manufacturing processes for large format composites of thin ceramic layers used in ASSB and to transfer this knowledge to pilot scale production. The promising technology is still far from being commercially producible on an industrial scale, which is why there is a particular need for extensive research on the manufacturability of large format and stackable sheet type ASSB cells. In this paper we present a concept for handling cell components during cell assembly of ASSB by analyzing extensively the material and process requirements, as well as interdependencies with simultaneous engineering. Furthermore, the possibilities for cell stacking are investigated via SIPOC by appropriately adapting techniques of conventional lithium-ion batteries to the varying requirements of ASSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Concept of autism has been constantly evolving. • Changes in nosology can impact the identification and treatment of autism. • Difference in prevalence is seen with use of differing diagnostic threshold. • Neurodiversity movement can bring about newer concept of autism. Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication, social interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. The concept of autism has changed since its inception, from childhood schizophrenia to neuro-variation. These changes in concept have been accompanied by changes in the diagnostic threshold through which the 'case' of autism is identified. The occurrence of multiple changes in its diagnostic criteria over last 80 odd years opens up the possibility of challenges being posed to the existence of the disorder as it is today, with a possibility of newer conceptualization of autism coming up in the future. The potential consequences of the changes in its nosology and concept, such as those on the management and on prevalence estimation are some of the essential issues which need attention. In the current paper, we evaluate the evolution of the concept and nosology of autism with an overview of the accompanying impact of these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract An issue in the representation by a neural network of objects detected by its sensors is whether such representations are based at a single neural cell or require a distributed subnetwork. We perform an analysis near the sensor level of a simple geometric shape and show that given the appropriate mathematical structure, representations can be both local and distributed. Moreover, as simulations demonstrate, using the proposed structures in neural network design leads to improved performance in object discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Le célèbre roman autobiographique de Jack Kerouac, Sur la route, raconte au travers d'une écriture frénétique, empreinte du rythme jazz, l'épopée des voyages qui balayent les paysages grandioses du continent américain. Dans ce livre, au-delà de la trame classique d'un carnet de voyage, Kerouac ambitionne de raconter un style d'existence au travers d'un style d'écriture. La fête perpétuelle des sens et de l'érotique évoque en effet l'aventure exaltée de la Beat Generation, et témoigne de ce style d'existence caractéristique de ce que la phénoménologie appelle la curiosité existentielle. La curiosité existentielle est en effet un style d'existence développé par Heiddeger et consiste en un rapport particulier au temps et aux ouvertures. Ce style d'existence invite à la découverte permanente et au renouvellement continu, des aspects omniprésents dans le roman de Kerouac. En effet, au sein du roman de Jack Kerouac, au cœur du rouleau, au milieu des paysages inexplorés, au fil des rencontres inopinées, au décours d'une course à poursuivre sans cesse, l'auteur vise l'improvisation permanente, celle du « bebop », celle de « l'instant littérature ». L'écriture de Sur la route est donc l'écriture d'une route qui se dessine au moment, sous les roues de la voiture qui trace son chemin aussi vite qu'elle ne l'efface. Dans la quête perpétuelle de nouveauté, dans l'ouverture permanente à l'instant, c'est une expérience phénoménologique particulière qui se crée alors, l'expérience de la curiosité. Il apparaît alors que la notion phénoménologique, cette expérience existentielle qu'est la curiosité, dans ce qu'elle a de particulier, permet d'approcher au mieux les fondements et les errances de la beat génération, et plus largement le vécu des générations qui lui ont succédé. Notamment les générations actuelles en quête de sensation, de nouveauté et de vitesse. Abstract Jack Kerouac's famous autobiographical novel "On the Road" tells the epic journey through the magnificent landscapes of the American continent through frantic, jazz-rhythmic writing. In this book, beyond the classical framework of a travel journal, Kerouac aspires to tell a style of existence through a style of writing. The perpetual feast of the senses and the erotic evokes the exalted adventure of the Beat Generation and testify to this style of existence characteristic of what phenomenology calls existential curiosity. In the midst of unexplored landscapes, unexpected encounters, in the aftermath of a flight to be pursued without ceasing, Kerouac aimed at the permanent improvisation, that of the "bebop", that of the "instant literature". The writing of a road that takes shape at the moment under the wheels of the car that traces its way as fast as it does erase it. And this is a perpetual quest for novelty, in openness to curiosity. It appears then that the phenomenological notion of this experience of curiosity, makes possible to approach the foundations and the wanderings of the beat generation, and more broadly the experience of the generations, which have succeeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adaptation of the Q-methodology used in psychology to study human subjectivity is introduced as a methodology for characterizing a complex concept through a set of products. Firstly, the data collection step consists in choosing a set of products as exhaustive as possible. This set of products is then given to participants who are asked to sort the products into predefined categories: “products assessed as non-representative of the concept” and “products assessed as representative of the concept”. At the end of the experiment, a product is characterized by two types of information: (1) the products it has been associated with by the participants, and (2) the number of times it has been associated with the concept by the participants. While the first type of information is similar to those provided by free sorting task data, the second type of information is specific to these data. Secondly, the product-oriented data analysis step consists in analyzing data by Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) in order to understand the variability between the products in accordance with the way the data have been collected. MFA presents the ability to provide a representation of the products that takes into account the two types of information mentioned previously. Third and finally, the data visualization step consists in enhancing the representation of the products through a categorical version of the maps provided by external preference mapping. This methodology is illustrated through an experiment based on the concept of innovation through a set of perfumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Deux conceptions de la mort s’opposent : l’une fait de la mort la fin de la vie et ouvre au rien, pour l’autre la mort est un passage vers une autre vie, une transformation. Dans toutes les cultures, la mort est associée à un « après ». Ces deux imaginaires ont des conséquences sur la vie de chacun et revêtent dans le contexte des soins palliatifs une dimension particulière pour les malades comme pour les soignants. Cinq soignants en soins palliatifs passent un protocole qui favorise l’expression de l’expérience subjective en utilisant le thème de l’arbre afin d’évoquer la mort de manière analogique. La mort est très présente, répartie en deux thèmes, la mort–fin (64 %) et la mort–transformation (36 %). Deux protocoles montrent que la mort–fin est clairement identifiée, mais peut être combinée afin de contribuer au processus de transformation continuel à l’œuvre dans la vie. Cette perspective ouvre à un avenir sans lequel la vie ne peut s’établir. Objective The services of palliative care have a function to ensure a life-comfort for patients who cannot be cured. The activity of these structures is based on the evolution of the body and ends when death occurs. The end of a person's life corresponds to biological death. Future cannot be imagined, because there is nothing in a rationally conceptual vision of death. Death is the negation of life. However in every culture, imaginary of death has been developed. They all build a “beyond-death”. The concepts are generally carried by religions, which create a discourse and offer varied imaginary of postmortem life. Finally, one can say that there are two imaginary about death. One that affirms there is no “beyond-death” but an absolute end; the other that death is a passage towards a life, which continues in other forms. In a case death is an end, in the other it is a transformation. These two concepts have very different consequences for patients as for carers. This aim of this study is to locate which concepts of death are present for carers in palliative care and if transformation death is present, how it functions. Patients, materials, method Five volunteers, who are carers in palliative care, took the Test of the Three Trees, a method which helps to speak about death, in analogical ways by using drawings and stories with trees. The protocol has 12 stages divided into three phases. Death can thus appear in various manners. Result The topic of death is very present in the protocols. It is divided into two components: death as an end for 64% of the statements and death as a transformation for 36%. Two case studies illustrate the two conceptions. In phase II of the protocol, volunteers are asked to draw a tree of nightmare and a tree of dream and to tell their respective dreams. The drawings, which represent death as an end, show for one, a tree lying on the ground and for the other a cut tree. The theme is clearly identified. The tree tells the disaster of death, as opposed to the life. Death can be pictured and named. At stage 11, the person tells a dream which associates these two trees. In one case, the tree of nightmare is burnt but its ashes allow the tree of dream to have beautiful fruit, which are eaten by children. In the other case, the tree of nightmare is cut but its roots remain in the ground and they are used by the tree of dream. Thus the two trees representing death continue to live. In these two cases, the tree of nightmare, which symbolizes death as an end, is integrated in a process. Its life continues in another form: it is death as a transformation. The tree is a good mediation to approach a topic, which cannot be represented. Death as a transformation is not a final event, which stops a life, but a process, which contributes to the general process of life. Death and life are the two faces of a phenomenon, which must be thought like a process without an end. Conclusion Contrary to death as an end in relation with biological death, death as a transformation opens the possibility of a future according to a spontaneous movement present in the psyches. This alternative forms an important resource for carers confronted daily to death but also for patients. That gives a new perspective to the end-of-life and helps in professional practices. This alternative of death as a transformation makes one think that this trend corresponds to a natural movement of the psyche to always create a beyond. Perhaps, the space of beliefs and of religions extends this orientation? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perirhinal cortex (PrC) has long been implicated in familiarity assessment for objects and corresponding concepts. However, extant studies have focused mainly on changes in familiarity induced by recent exposure in laboratory settings. There is an increasing appreciation of other types of familiarity signals, in particular graded familiarity accumulated throughout one's lifetime. In prior work (Duke et al., 2017, Cortex , 89, 61–70), PrC has been shown to track lifetime familiarity ratings when participants make related judgements. A theoretically important characteristic of familiarity is its proposed automaticity. Support for automaticity comes from a documented impact of recent stimulus exposure on behavioral performance, and on PrC signals, under conditions in which this exposure is not task relevant. In the current fMRI study, we tested whether PrC also tracks lifetime familiarity of object concepts automatically, and whether this type of familiarity influences behavior even when it is not task relevant. During scanning, neurotypical participants (N = 30, age range 18–40, 7 males) provided animacy judgements about concrete object concepts presented at differing frequencies in an initial study phase. In a subsequent test phase, they made graded judgements of recent or lifetime familiarity. Behavioral performance showed sensitivity to lifetime familiarity even when it was not relevant for the task at hand. Across five sets of fMRI analyses, we found that PrC consistently tracked recent and lifetime familiarity of object concepts regardless of the task performed. Critically, while several other temporal-lobe regions also showed isolated familiarity effects, none of them tracked familiarity with the same consistency. These findings demonstrate that PrC automatically tracks multiple types of familiarity. They support models that assign a broad role in the representation of information about object concepts to this structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falls are a major cause of injury and disability in older people, leading to serious health and social consequences including fractures, poor quality of life, loss of independence, and institutionalization. To design and provide adequate prevention measures, accurate understanding and identification of person's individual fall risk is important. However, to date, the performance of fall risk models is weak compared with models estimating, for example, cardiovascular risk. This deficiency may result from 2 factors. First, current models consider risk factors to be stable for each person and not change over time, an assumption that does not reflect real-life experience. Second, current models do not consider the interplay of individual exposure including type of activity (eg, walking, undertaking transfers) and environmental risks (eg, lighting, floor conditions) in which activity is performed. Therefore, we posit a dynamic fall risk model consisting of intrinsic risk factors that vary over time and exposure (activity in context). eHealth sensor technology (eg, smartphones) begins to enable the continuous measurement of both the above factors. We illustrate our model with examples of real-world falls from the FARSEEING database. This dynamic framework for fall risk adds important aspects that may improve understanding of fall mechanisms, fall risk models, and the development of fall prevention interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to show that a specific phrase, ‘to differ only in dialect’, was coined before the middle of the sixteenth century in the Zurich region as an effective way to describe the superficial nature of the differences between two speech varieties. Originating in commentaries on the historiographic works of the classical Latin authors Caesar and Tacitus, this originally Neo-Latin phrase became widely used in other types of text from the 1560s onwards (mainly in works devoted to ethnic history, language, and theology), where it served a wide range of divergent purposes and discursive strategies. From the seventeenth century onwards, the collocation ‘to differ only in dialect’ impacted on theoretical reflections on the conceptual pair ‘language’ and ‘dialect’. This case study thus shows that scholars interested in the emergence and development of a concept could benefit greatly from closely examining collocations and their history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Le terme « capital social » est un concept à la fois géographique, politique, économique et sociologique, basé sur le principe d’un réseau de relations interpersonnelles. L’association entre capital social et santé mentale est étudiée en tant que facteur modulateur/explicatif de différence et de variation des états de santé des personnes d’un groupe, ainsi que pour son impact sur la prévention, le développement et le procès psychosocial de rétablissement. Le capital social semble jouer un rôle particulièrement important dans l’intégration des immigrants, qui présentent, à leur tour, une vulnérabilité accrue à la maladie mentale liée à des facteurs de stress psychosociaux. Dans cet article nous allons discuter de l’utilisation de ce concept dans l’étude des facteurs environnementaux de maladie mentale et, notamment, de la nécessité d’adaptation de ses indicateurs en fonction du contexte et des populations étudiées. The concept of social capital is useful to study the impact of the interpersonal relationships/networks on the development, outcome, prevention and recovery of mental disorders. Among migrant populations, it seems to play a protective role in mental health, associated to better social support, resilience and less exposure to discrimination. In this paper, we will present the current data on this subject. Then we will discuss the use of this concept in the study of environmental risk factors of mental disorders and the need to construct contextual indicators, especially in minority groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart tourism has become increasingly popular in mainland China. Different types of events and activities have been classified as smart tourism , leading to the misuse of the term. What, then, is smart tourism? How to define it? Although researchers have defined the term, there has not been any consensus on a widely accepted interpretation. The definition provided by this study emphasizes smart tourism as an individual tourist support system within the context of information services and an all-encompassing technology. This paper compares the characteristics of both traditional tourist information services and those incorporated in smart tourism. Based on the concepts, recommendations are provided and future research/industrial directions are discussed. For the Chinese tourism market, smart tourism represents a new direction implying a significant influence on tourist destinations, enterprises, and also tourists themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally it has been thought that the overall organisation of categories in the brain is taxonomic. To examine this assumption, we had adults sort 140–150 diverse, familiar objects from different basic-level categories. Almost all the participants (80/81) sorted the objects more thematically than taxonomically. Sorting was only weakly modulated by taxonomic priming, and people still produced many thematically structured clusters when explicitly instructed to sort taxonomically. The first clusters that people produced were rated as having equal taxonomic and thematic structure. However, later clusters were rated as being increasingly thematically organised. A minority of items were consistently clustered taxonomically, but the overall dominance of thematically structured clusters suggests that people know more thematic than taxonomic relations among everyday objects. A final study showed that the semantic relations used to sort a given item in the initial studies predicted the proportion of thematic to taxonomic word associates generated to that item. However, unlike the results of the sorting task, most of these single word associates were related taxonomically. This latter difference between the results of large-scale, free sorting tasks versus single word association tasks suggests that thematic relations may be more numerous, but weaker, than taxonomic associations in our stored conceptual network. Novel statistical and numerical methods for objectively measuring sorting consistency were developed during the course of this investigation, and have been made publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the core of the Industry 4.0 era, information can improve the efficiency of production as well as bring cognitive load to operators. In this study, we aim to develop a unified information field analysis model for manufacturing systems and to estimate the cognitive load of operators through the action features of the information field. The qualitative and quantitative analytical framework model of the information field in manufacturing systems is established using information entropy and fuzzy mathematics. Furthermore, the cognitive load mechanism in manufacturing systems is clarified. The information principles that must be exercised to improve and optimise manufacturing systems under the information field framework are proposed for implementing lean production and digital transformation. Results of a case study show that the proposed information field analysis model for manufacturing systems reveal the change law of information field of manufacturing system in time and space, which has considerable guiding values for enhancing the management efficiency of shop floors and the sustainable development of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The fundamental of knowledge sharing and interoperability is the standardization of data semantics. This manuscript proposes an innovative and theoretically supported model for data semantic normalization. • This manuscript studies the basic theory, and proposes the important idea that the key issue of data semantic standardization is conceptual standardization as the core. • A comprehensive study and combing of various vocabulary standards in the international Oil&Gas industry was carried out, and the model used to guide the construction of data semantic standards in the oil and gas industry is proposed. • The process of building standardized knowledge graphs in the fields and a specific example of building a knowledge map in the Oil&Gas industry are given. • The method proposed in this paper is universal and innovative, and it also has application and reference significance in other fields. At present, knowledge graphs in both general and vertical fields rarely consider the problem of data semantic standardization in the process of constructing from a global perspective, which brings trouble and loss to the sharing and interoperability of domain information. Therefore, it is very important to construct a set of standardized and semantically consistent knowledge organization model, and to propose a data semantics standardization methodology on this basis, so as to fundamentally solve this serious problem that hinders data sharing. This paper first proposes a model of data semantic standardization theoretically through the research on knowledge organization, concept triangle and concept logic and other theories, combined with ISO 1087 international standard, and proposes the important idea that the key issue of data semantic standardization is conceptual standardization as the core. Then, based on this theoretical model, a comprehensive study and combing of various vocabulary standards in the international Oil&Gas industry was carried out, and the Oil&Gas industry reference vocabulary standardization model (OIRVSM) used to guide the construction of data semantic standards in the oil and gas industry is proposed. Finally, under the guidance of the W3C best practice framework, combined with the proposed model, an operational algorithm for constructing standardized knowledge graph (ACSKG) in Oil&Gas industry and a construction example are given, which verifies the rationality and correctness of data semantic standardization model and vocabulary standard system model. The two models proposed in this paper are innovative. Although they are proposed in the context of Oil&Gas industry, they also have application and reference significance in other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore how a tradition can be looked upon and integrated in the present tool set of an architect, a collective conscience and an individual, by using modern technology. In modern Romania, the rural areas have not only been disregarded, but heavily destroyed at a hallucinating rhythm, because of immature collective mentality, imported models from other cultures without applying any filters, the assimilation by nearby cities and the destruction of identity, the aging of the population, the constant seek for comfort, industrialization etc. - all of which have made society jump from one extreme to the other. Despite these mutations, Romania still keeps important fragments of rural living, which are worth taking into consideration for their past virtues, but also for recuperating some cultural, historical, aesthetical and behavioural components, which could be understood and used to inspire new concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of marginal lands to improve food security, support bioenergy production or ecosystem services has globally got a lot of attention. Defining agricultural marginal land is a task that involves more than just considering the land's quality, its definition changed a lot during the last two centuries. Development of new technologies and policy trends require the concepts of prime land and marginal land to be renewed from time to time. Although much research has been done on the concept of marginal land, it is currently limited by the lack of a clear, globally accepted definition. There are four major sources of criteria of marginal lands: economic (e.g., rent cost, land value), geographical (e.g., temperature, slope, precipitation), ecosystem-based (e.g., protected areas, recreation, ecosystem services), soil suitability (e.g., yield capability, physical and chemical soil properties). The categorisation of agricultural land into groups like productive, marginal or unproductive often depends on the cultivation or management type. Since conceptions of marginal land are dynamic both in time and space, flexible policy and practical solutions are needed for their non-degrading use, which in any case shall support nature-based socioeconomic development. To maintain the socioeconomic value of these areas, it is crucial to develop rural areas that are economically or biophysically marginalised. High nature value farming, bioenergy crops by sustainable land management and afforestation are highly recommended. Choosing the right management can transform marginal land into an optimal soil condition or incorrect management can degrade prime land into marginal land (unproductive land). This paper provides a review and categorisation of the historical and new developments of marginal land concepts especially those which are working with agricultural aspects, including land management and reclamation. It could give a strong basis for further research in topic of marginal land. [Display omitted] • Marginal lands are depending on the spatial scale and the regional conditions. • Marginal land can be turned suitable for the objective of the use. • Marginal lands are dynamic both in time and space. • Flexible policy and practical solutions are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic and industrial literature highlight the importance of airport-driven development (ADD) for the 21st Century. Several different types of ADD concepts have been defined, such as aerotropolis and airport city, but there are often substantial differences between authors about definitions. Such differences can potentially create confusion when ADD concepts are used by airport planners in their planning documents (e.g., master plans) and the marketing materials (e.g., brochures and airport websites). Given that large amounts of investment can often depend upon the marketing of a particular ADD concept, such confusion is highly problematic for the air transport industry. However, previous research has not explicitly addressed this issue. To help fill this research gap, the current paper has four different purposes, to: (1) compare definitions of the airport-driven development concepts in the academic literature, (2) compare definitions with real-life examples given by researchers; (3) compare academic definitions and examples with industry usage, as found on airport websites and in airport planning documents; and (4) investigate aspects of the transferability of the ADD concepts (from one region to another and from the academic literature to the industry and vice-versa). Using information from airport websites and master plans, it was found that the terms aerotropolis and airport city are used interchangeably by researchers but not by the industry. However, the use of terms by the industry depends heavily upon the (continental) location of airports, with the analysis presented in the paper distinguishing between airports in North America, Latin America, South and East Asia, Europe and the Middle East. Such analysis enables conclusions to be made about the transferability of ADD concepts, originating in the Global North, to the Global South. • Airports examples of airport-driven development concepts differ by researchers.. • Airports examples of airport-driven development concepts in the academic literature diverge from the industry. • The way the industry classifies airports to airport-driven development concepts depends on the location of airports. • Proximity and strategic investments influence the transferability of the concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability has become a business imperative and every organization needs to respond it. In practicing sustainable organizations, practitioners require to implement Sustainable Enterprise Resource Planning (S-ERP) systems in order to aid them in solving a segregation problem over extended value chain. The concept of the S-ERP system can be adopted from an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, however, they have distinction in terms of philosophical perspective. S-ERP system adds new dimensions of complexity, including new data types, new sources of data, and new stakeholders. It is more challenging to be implemented successfully than ERP system. Although various software vendors have developed S-ERP software applications, however, the organizations still have a difficulty to implement it due to lack of master plan that provides a holistic approach to implement the system. This problem motivates the researchers to introduce a concept of the S-ERP master plan in this study. Generally, the design of the master plan is developed based on the concept of project management as it can handle complex and complicated projects. The structure of the master plan contains of three essential components: roadmap, framework, and guidelines. These three components are closely interrelated and each of them has its own role in the S-ERP system implementation. An introduction of the S-ERP master plan concept in this paper perhaps would give a bird's eye view to the practitioners about the imperative of the master plan in order to mitigate problems that occur during the S-ERP implementation projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic similarity measure technology based approach is one of the most popular approaches aiming at implementing semantic mapping between two different CAD model data ontologies. The most important problem in this approach is how to measure the semantic similarities of concepts between two different ontologies. A number of measure methods focusing on this problem have been presented in recent years. Each method can work well between its specific ontologies. But it is unclear how accurate the measured semantic similarities in these methods are. Moreover, there is yet no evidence that any of the methods presented how to select a measure with high similarity calculation accuracy. To compensate for such deficiencies, this paper proposes a method for selecting a semantic similarity measure with high similarity calculation accuracy for concepts in two different CAD model data ontologies. In this method, the similarity calculation accuracy of each candidate measure is quantified using Pearson correlation coefficient or residual sum of squares. The measure with high similarity calculation accuracy is selected through a comparison of the Pearson correlation coefficients or the residual sums of squares of all candidate measures. The paper also reports an implementation of the proposed method, provides an example to show how the method works, and evaluates the method by theoretical and experimental comparisons. The evaluation result suggests that the measure selected by the proposed method has good human correlation and high similarity calculation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforcement learning is not well scalable in state spaces with high-dimensions. The hierarchical reinforcement learning resolves this problem by task decomposition. Task decomposition is done by extracting bottlenecks, which is in turn another challenging issue, especially in terms of time and memory complexity and the need to the prior knowledge of the environment. To alleviate these issues, a new approach is proposed toward the problem of extracting bottlenecks. Holonic concept clustering and attentional functions are proposed to extract bottleneck states. To this end, states are organized based on the effects of actions by means of a holonic clustering to extract high-level concepts. High-level concepts are used as cues for controlling attention. The proposed mechanism has a better time complexity and fewer requirements to the designer's help. The experimental results showed a considerable improvement in the precision of bottleneck detection and agent's performance for traditional benchmarks comparing to other similar methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystem research benefits enormously from the fact that comprehensive data sets of high quality, and covering long time periods are now increasingly more available. However, facing apparently complex interdependencies between numerous ecosystem components, there is urgent need rethinking our approaches in ecosystem research and applying new tools of data analysis. The concept presented in this paper is based on two pillars. Firstly, it postulates that ecosystems are multiple feedback systems and thus are highly constrained. Consequently, the effective dimensionality of multivariate ecosystem data sets is expected to be rather low compared to the number of observables. Secondly, it assumes that ecosystems are characterized by continuity in time and space as well as between entities which are often treated as distinct units. Implementing this concept in ecosystem research requires new tools for analysing large multivariate data sets. This study presents some of them, which were applied to a comprehensive water quality data set from a long-term monitoring program in Northeast Germany in the Uckermark region, one of the LTER-D (Long Term Ecological Research network, Germany) sites. The effective dimensionality was assessed by the Correlation Dimension approach as well as by a Principal Component Analysis and was in fact substantially lower than the number of observables. Continuity in time, space and between different types of water bodies was studied by combining Self-Organizing Maps with Sammon's Mapping. Groundwater, kettle hole and stream water samples exhibited some overlap, confirming continuity between different types of water bodies. Clear long-term shifts were found at the stream sampling sites. There was strong evidence that the intensity of single processes had changed at these sites rather than that new processes developed. Thus the more recent data did not occupy new subregions of the phase space of observations. Short-term variability of the kettle hole water samples differed substantially from that of the stream water samples, suggesting different processes generating the dynamics in these two types of water bodies. However, again, this seemed to be due to differing intensities of single processes rather than to completely different processes. We feel that research aiming at elucidating apparently complex interactions in ecosystems could make much more efficient use from now available large monitoring data sets by implementing the suggested concept and using corresponding innovative tools of system analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectifs L’auteur propose ici des repères historiques relatifs à l’hallucination verbale psychotique. Nous verrons l’importance de l’hallucination verbale pour l’appréhension clinique des psychoses. Méthodologie En partant des définitions princeps d’Esquirol, puis des travaux de Baillarger, Falret, Ball, en passant par les débats à la Société Médico-Psychologique durant l’année 1855–1856, nous cheminerons logiquement vers l’œuvre théorico-clinique incontournable de J. Séglas. Résultats et discussion La finesse clinique des observations de Séglas et la découverte de la fonction du langage au cœur du phénomène clinique de l’hallucination verbale inspirèrent à sa suite nombre de travaux, parmi lesquels ceux de Lagache, Lacan et H. Ey. Objectives The author here proposes historical points of references relating to “verbal hallucinations” in psychosis. We shall analyse the importance of verbal hallucinations for a clinical comprehension of psychosis. Methodology Starting with Esquirol's initial definitions, then working through Baillarger, Falret, and Ball's theories, as well as the “Société Médico-Psychologique” debates during 1855 and 1856, we shall logically conclude on the unavoidable theoretical and clinical achievements of J. Séglas. Results and discussion Séglas’ subtle clinical observations, and the discovery of language's function, at the heart of this phenomenon, inspired several authors, in particular Lagache, Lacan and H. Ey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]