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[Display omitted] Ovarian aging leads to infertility and birth defects. We aimed to clarify the role of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in resistance to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis in ovarian aging. I3C was administered via intraperitoneal injection for 3 weeks in young or old mice. Immunohistochemistry; Masson, Sirius red, and TUNEL staining; follicle counting; estrous cycle analysis; and Western blotting were used for validating the protective effect of I3C against ovarian senescence. Human granulosa-like tumor cell line and primary granulosa cells were used for in vitro assay. The results indicated that I3C inhibited ovarian fibrosis and apoptosis while increasing the number of primordial follicles. Mechanistic studies have shown that I3C promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Additionally, I3C increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and JC-1 levels. Furthermore, the antioxidant effect of I3C was found to be dependent on the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1, as demonstrated by the disappearance of the effect upon inhibition of Nrf2 expression. In conclusion, I3C can alleviate the ovarian damage caused by aging and may be a protective agent to delay ovarian aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We theoretically illustrate the discrepancy between the eigenvalue decomposition in Similar Jones matrix (SJM) and the polar decomposition in similar Mueller matrix (SMM). • We find that the polar decomposition in SMM can separate diattenuation carrying different optical axis with phase retardation on sample, namely asymmetric non-coaxial diattenuation effect. • We present a real incoherent averaging method in SMM and ind that incoherent averaging in SMM avoids a time-consuming global phase collection and more effectively reduce noise compared with complex coherent averaging in SJM. Catheter based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) can provide composition information of coronary atherosclerotic plaque beyond the intensity based OCT, but it encounters a notable challenge that is how to reduce polarization properties variations owing to a rapidly rotating optical fiber in the catheter. Similar Jones matrix (SJM) and similar Mueller matrix (SMM) based polarization determination methods can provide a stable phase retardation imaging in a catheter based PS-OCT. In this paper, we systematically contrast SJM and SMM methods. Firstly, we theoretically illustrate the discrepancy between the eigenvalue decomposition in SJM and the polar decomposition in SMM. We find the SMM can reduce phase retardation error caused by non-coaxial diattenuation using polar decomposition. Secondly, we present a real incoherent averaging method in SMM. We find that incoherent averaging in SMM avoids a time-consuming global phase collection and more effectively reduce noise compared with complex coherent averaging in SJM. By polarization imaging for multiple biological tissues using a catheter based PS-OCT, we experimentally manifest that the areas with high diattenuation are highly correlated to the difference between images processed by SJM and SMM. At the same time, the SMM with incoherent averaging has a better performance than the SJM with coherent averaging especially at areas with low signal to noise ratio (SNR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]