Search

Graphical abstract Highlights • The Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios of zircon from ore-related intrusions show a positive correlation with the size of deposits. • The Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios of 300, 200 and 100 separate the intrusions into superlarge, large, medium and small-sized deposits. • ΔFMQ + 2 discriminates the intrusions associated with medium to superlarge-sized deposits from small-sized deposits. Abstract The East Xing'an–Mongolian Orogenic Belt (EXOB) in China hosts numerous porphyry Mo deposits that are associated with calc-alkaline granitic intrusions. Here we report the trace-element compositions of zircon grains from 11 intrusions collected from 8 porphyry Mo deposits in the EXOB: the superlarge-sized Daheishan and Luming deposits; the large-sized Aolunhua deposit; the medium-sized Kulitu and Yangchang deposits; and the small-sized Erbadi, Hashitu, and Longtoushan deposits. The results show a positive correlation between the Mo tonnage of each deposit and the zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ ratio of the ore-related intrusions. In addition, the Ce4+/Ce3+ ratio of zircon in ore-related intrusions is much higher than that of the associated barren rocks. The Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios of 300, 200 and 100 of zircon seem to separate the intrusions into superlarge-sized, large-sized, medium-sized and small-sized porphyry Mo deposits, respectively. Oxygen fugacity values of ΔFMQ +2 of ore-related intrusions discriminate the medium-sized to superlarge-sized Mo deposits from the small-sized deposits. The relationship between the scale of mineralization and oxygen fugacity suggests that the oxidation condition of the source magma played a critical role in the development of large-sized and superlarge-sized Mo porphyry systems in the EXOB. The zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios of ore-related intrusions of the EXOB are similar to those of porphyry Cu deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and the Yulong copper belt, but much lower than those of the Chuquicamata porphyry Cu deposit in Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We perform a historical comparative analysis of the role of libraries in cities. • We propose sustainable design strategies based on the Japanese concept of time. This study discusses sustainable design strategies for Japanese public libraries by introducing the time concept. Currently, public libraries in Japan are facing declining utilization and decaying facilities, and many require renovation or reconstruction. We explore how design can help libraries avoid their current dilemmas and cope with the increasing e-books and pandemic-born boom in online learning and communication. Only by addressing these issues and planning for similar situations in the future will libraries manage to achieve their sustainability goals. This requires a systematic rethinking of traditional library design approaches by introducing the time element. We review the development of Japanese public libraries to identify the short- and long-term roles of libraries in cities from an international perspective, based on which we reevaluate the functions of public libraries. As different regions and conceptions of time and space influence people's needs for space and services, we also explore the view of time in architecture and the unique Japanese time perception. We then discuss possible solutions for libraries in Japan and the feasibility for other countries. We have three main suggestions. 1. A central + local development model.2. A three-stage design process from stable to resilient.3. An operating plan considering the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value in the aspect of cellular therapies due to its self-renewal and potential to differentiate into all somatic cell types. A few defined synthetic surfaces such as polymers and adhesive biological materials conjugated substrata were established for the self-renewal of hPSCs. However, none of them was effective in the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and long-term maintenance of multiple hPSCs, and most of them required complicated manufacturing processes. Polydopamine has good biocompatibility, is able to form a stable film on nearly all solid substrates surface, and can immobilize adhesive biomolecules. In this manuscript, a polydopamine-mediated surface was developed, which not only supported the reprogramming of human somatic cells into hiPSCs under defined conditions, but also sustained the growth of hiPSCs on diverse substrates. Moreover, the proliferation and pluripotency of hPSCs cultured on the surface were comparable to Matrigel for more than 20 passages. Besides, hPSCs were able to differentiate to cardiomyocytes and neural cells on the surface. This polydopamine-based synthetic surface represents a chemically-defined surface extensively applicable both for fundamental research and cell therapies of hPSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]