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Abstract: The effects of different concentrations of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) on the homogeneous solution of equimolarly mixed decyltriethylammonium bromide and sodium decylsulfonate (C10NE–C10SO3) were studied by 1H NMR, surface tension and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. For the system of C10NE–C10SO3, the NMR signals were greatly broadened in the micellar concentration region. However, the shape of the NMR peaks for the micellar solutions of C10NE–C10SO3, especially for those protons adjacent to headgroups, recovered to be fine-resolved with the gradual increase of NaSCN concentration. Therefore, the NMR method directly evidenced that the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged headgroups in the micellar solution of C10NE–C10SO3 was significantly reduced by NaSCN. The surface tension results showed that both the surface tension at critical micelle concentration (γ cmc) and the minimum molecular area in the surface adsorbed layer (A min) were remarkably increased when NaSCN was added to C10NE–C10SO3. As shown by DLS, the addition of NaSCN could significantly induce the decrease of the aggregate size of C10NE–C10SO3. Both surface tension and DLS results supported the conclusions made by NMR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary Objective To clarify whether exanthema is related to illness severity in acute enterovirus infection in children. Methods The data of pediatric inpatients at Zhujiang Hospital during 2009–2012 with an acute enterovirus infection were reviewed retrospectively. Enterovirus infection was determined by real-time reverse transcription PCR. Clinical data were summarized and compared between cases with and without exanthema. Results A total of 780 pediatric inpatients with an acute enterovirus infection were included in this study, of whom 83 (10.6%) presented no exanthema. The percentage of deaths in the group of patients without exanthema was significantly higher than that in the group with exanthema (7.2% vs. 1.1%; p = 0.002). Central nervous system involvement (41.0% vs. 30.0%; p = 0.041), severe central nervous system (CNS) involvement (21.7% vs. 11.0%; p = 0.005), severe CNS involvement with cardiopulmonary failure (9.6% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.002), an altered level of consciousness (15.7% vs. 7.6%; p = 0.013), and convulsions (14.4% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.007) occurred significantly more frequently in the group without exanthema. Conclusions A considerable proportion of children with an acute enterovirus infection in Guangdong Province, China during 2009–2012 presented no exanthema, and the absence of exanthema was found to be related to death and illness severity for these acute enterovirus infections. Clinicians in China should consider enterovirus as the possible pathogen when treating children with an acute pathogen infection without exanthema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic metasurfaces can reshape a reflected wavefront rather arbitrarily, despite being much thinner than the wavelength, thus allowing on-demand wavefront modulation in a variety of applications. Recent passive metasurfaces, however, have suffered from bandwidth limitations, thus restricting their range of operation. In this work, we propose the systematic design of ultra-broadband passive metasurfaces by combining the broadband local reflection rule with an optimization method. The validation of the technique is demonstrated by fabrication and measurement of an ultra-broadband carpet cloak. Numerical and experimental results show that the relative bandwidth of the optimized carpet cloak, thinner than one fifth of the maximum wavelength, can exceed 93.33%, a value that is much larger than that of previous passive metasurfaces. Furthermore, multi-frequency pulse incidence tests reveal the excellent time-domain broadband characteristics of the metasurface over a wide range of angles of incidence. The proposed strategy opens a new route for the design of advanced passive metasurfaces for ultra-broadband wave manipulation and thus promotes practical applications of broadband acoustical devices. Unlabelled Image • An inverse optimization is proposed to design ultra-broadband passive metasurfaces. • More than 93% relative bandwidth is experimentally and numerically verified. • Time-domain broadband characteristic over a wide-angle range is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Some viruses, including certain members of the enterovirus genus, have been reported to cause nephrotic syndrome. However, no case of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16)-related nephrotic syndrome has been reported so far. We describe a case of CVA16-related hand, foot and mouth disease presenting with nephrotic syndrome in a 3-year-old boy. This is the first report of CVA16-related nephrotic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface tension of dialkylammonium perfluorooctanoate [C 7 F 15 COONH 2 (C n H 2 n +1 ) 2 , n = 1–4], dialkylammonium perfluorooctylsulfonate [C 8 F 17 SO 3 NH 2 (C n H 2 n +1 ) 2 , n = 1–4] and trialkylammonium perfluorooctylsulfonate [C 8 F 17 SO 3 NH(C n H 2 n +1 ) 3 , n = 1–4] in aqueous solution was measured by drop volume method at 25 °C. The critical micelle concentration (cmc), the surface tension at cmc ( γ cmc ), the maximum amount adsorbed ( Γ max ) and the minimum molecular area ( A min ) in the surface adsorption layer were obtained. Because of the limited solubility for C 7 F 15 COONH 2 (C 4 H 9 ) 2 , C 8 F 17 SO 3 NH 2 (C 4 H 9 ) 2 and C 8 F 17 SO 3 NH(C 4 H 9 ) 3 at 25 °C, their cmc and γ cmc values could not be successfully obtained. Combining with other series in previous works, an overview picture for the effects of organic ammonium counterions on anionic fluorinated surfactants could be drawn. The rules for the interactions between organic ammonium ions and surfactive anions were summarized (including headgroup type, the chain length of fluorinated hydrophobic tail, and the substituent number, the alkyl chain length and the presence of hydroxyl groups in counterion structure). The mechanism behind these rules was discussed in detail, relying on the electrostatic, hydrophobic and steric factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Large-scale field experiments demonstrate the ultra-wide first bandgap. • Achieve a first bandgap with relative bandwidth of 1.17. • Study the characteristic of the first bandgap by using complex band structures. Seismic metamaterials (SMs) are expected to assist or replace traditional isolation systems owing to their strong attenuation of seismic waves. In this work, a one-dimensional inverted T-shaped SM (1D ITSM) composed of arrays of inverted T-shaped structures on a half space is proposed, which have an ultra-wide first bandgap (FBG) from 6.7 to 17.2 Hz. We find that the FBG is composed of two parts; part 1 with surface evanescent waves from 6.7 to 11.0 Hz and part 2 with no surface modes from 11.0 to 17.2 Hz by using the complex band structures. The propagation of seismic surface waves in the 1D ITSM is different in these two frequency ranges of the FBG. In part 1, the seismic surface waves are significantly attenuated in the 1D ITSM because of the surface evanescent waves, while in part 2, the surface waves are converted into bulk waves because surface waves cannot exist in the ITSM. Finally, the ultra-wide FBG is verified by using a kind of the two-dimensional ITSM in large-scale field experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]