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The transcription factor Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF) is crucial for responding to various environmental stressors. Proteins containing the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif often inhibit gene expression. However, the functions of LkERF, an EAR motif-containing protein from Larix kaempferi , especially in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, are not well understood. In the present research, we introduce a novel transcription factor, LkERF6, which contains an EAR motif and positively regulates gene expression, thereby enhancing drought and salt tolerance in tobacco. LkERF6 is classified within the ERF-B1 subfamily due to its conserved AP2/ERF domain and EAR motif. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated LkERF6 is primarily localized in the nucleus. Further analysis revealed that LkERF6 interacts with GCC and DRE elements and is significantly induced by NaCl and PEG 6000. Moreover, LkERF6 transgenic tobacco plants exhibit lower ROS accumulation and higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, correlation analysis identified a strong association between LkERF6 and three genes: LkSOD , LkCCS , and LkCAT. Y1H, EMAS, and DLR assays confirmed that LkERF6 directly interacts with the promoters of these genes through GCC-box and DRE-box to activate their expression. These findings shed new light on the function of EAR motif-containing transcription factors and highlight LkERF6's crucial role in enhancing abiotic stress resistance by activating multiple ROS clearance genes. • LkERF6, containing the EAR motif, improves plant resistance. • Overexpression of LkERF6 decreases levels of H 2 O 2 and O 2 −. • LkERF6 upregulates the expression of LkSOD , LkCCS , and LkCAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The original banded structure affects the mechanical properties of the workpiece. • Milling leads to material accumulation, work-hardened layers and stress concentration. • The presence of inclusions reduces the mechanical and fatigue properties of the steel. A batch of medical orthopedic screwdriver T15 products require a torque of 7.5 N·m, and the torque test after mass production is lower than 6.5 N·m, which cannot meet the process requirements. The fracture morphology and microstructure were characterized by stereo microscope (SM), optical microscope (OM) and field emission electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Their mechanical properties were evaluated by Vickers hardness tester and torque tester. The research results indicate that the failure of T15 screwdriver was predominantly by the mechanism of ductile fracture which occurred at the point of maximum torque force at the outermost shear plane. By increasing the solid solution temperature to 1050 °C and using surface shot peening treatment, microstructure and segregation milling tool marks were eliminated, surface compressive stress was increased, and the torque reached 7.8 N·m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercity freight connections have reshaped urban networks and posed significant urban planning challenges. Previous studies mainly used annual statistical data or online orders, which are criticized for the poor timeliness and data representativeness. This study presents a method to construct freight flow networks by analyzing large-sample truck trajectories using spatiotemporal and semantic data mining. The spatiotemporal interaction patterns and influencing factors of intercity freight connections in China are then investigated. Key findings include: (1) The proposed method enables multidimensional and dynamic investigations by constructing timely and refined freight flow networks. (2) The network structure and spatial pattern of freight connections in China show monthly stability, significant spatial heterogeneity, symmetry, and a typical scale-free property. (3) Spatial interaction patterns are related to freight transportation scale. High-freight-volume regions form complete and homogeneous networks with activity space expanding, while low-freight-volume regions exhibit heterogeneity with connections focused on core cities. (4) More than 92 % of the socioeconomic factors exhibit significant nonlinear enhancement when interacting with distance. The nonlinear interaction between economic development level and distance is the most influential, explaining 23.7 %–85.7 % of the connection strength. These findings facilitate reasonable urban policy formulation and regional industrial collaboration. • The refined freight flow network supports multidimensional and dynamic analysis. • Freight flows exhibit monthly stability, symmetry, and scale-free characteristics. • The spatial organization of freight flows is heterogeneous across various regions. • Distance enhances over 92 % of socioeconomic factors nonlinearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memristor devices are promising nanoscale low-power components, which are expected to significantly reduce power consumption and improve speed of deep learning accelerators if the longitudinal and transverse structure is used. However, memristor devices such as resistive random access memory and phase change memory are difficult to manufacture in small batches because they are prone to various device nonideality. It is particularly important to simulate the performance of memristor deep learning systems and test the effects of nonideal characteristics before circuit level implementation. In this paper, a large-scale memristor-based neural network based on residual neural networks is built to study the influence of non-ideal characteristics of memristors. The influence of four types of non-ideal characteristics on deep learning models is analyzed. The corresponding solutions are discussed. The non-ideal characteristics are tested on the constructed memristor-based neural network. The recognition accuracy of the neural network based on two ideal memristor models reach 64.84% and 64.63% respectively. The further test results show that with the increase of non-ideal characteristics, the recognition accuracy decreases, which prove that the non-ideal characteristics of memristors have a great influence on the practical application of deep learning models, and provide guidance for the practical application of memristors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Quantify freeway traffic volume vectors from geospatial interaction perspective. • Freeway traffic volume inference method based on destination city attractiveness. • Proposed method is interpretable, lightweight and easy to deploy. Accurately inferring the spatiotemporal distribution of freeway traffic volume is one of the bottleneck problems for intelligent management of ground transportation. Although the accuracy of the widely used machine learning-based approaches has been improving, these methods on freeway traffic flow inference tend to become more and more complex and unexplainable, and sometimes even contradict the constraints of freeway access. From the perspective of the potential destination city attractiveness, this study proposes a new method to infer freeway truck volume. First, considering the spatial scope and direction constraints of road transportation, a restricted area search method for potential destination cities of freeway traffic trips is proposed. Second, a freeway traffic inference model was constructed by combining distance and the angle-weighted socioeconomic statistics of each potential destination city. Finally, the Shapley additive explanation value was used to explain how the potential destination city attraction affects the freeway traffic flow. The results show that the proposed method only used 10 indicators; however, the prediction results were closer to the true value, and the computational efficiency improved by 3–10 times over the baseline method. The variables related to spatiotemporal heterogeneity were the most significant variable group, followed by the industrial structure of potential destination cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the CFD modeling and experimental verifications of oscillating flow and heat transfer processes in the micro coaxial Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler (MCSPTC) operating at 90–170 Hz. It uses neither double-inlet nor multi-bypass while the inertance tube with a gas reservoir becomes the only phase-shifter. The effects of the frequency on flow and heat transfer processes in the pulse tube are investigated, which indicates that a low enough frequency would lead to a strong mixing between warm and cold fluids, thereby significantly deteriorating the cooling performance, whereas a high enough frequency would produce the downward sloping streams flowing from the warm end to the axis and almost puncturing the gas displacer from the warm end, thereby creating larger temperature gradients in radial directions and thus undermining the cooling performance. The influence of the pulse tube length on the temperature and velocity when the frequencies are much higher than the optimal one are also discussed. A MCSPTC with an overall mass of 1.1 kg is worked out and tested. With an input electric power of 59 W and operating at 144 Hz, it achieves a no-load temperature of 61.4 K and a cooling capacity of 1.0 W at 77 K. The changing tendencies of tested results are in good agreement with the simulations. The above studies will help to thoroughly understand the underlying mechanism of the inertance MCSPTC operating at very high frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under atmospheric pressure, 4-(arylamino)methyl substituted ethylene carbonates were synthesized from the reaction of carbon dioxides (1 or 0.5 atm) with aromatic amine and 2-(bromomethyl)oxirane catalyzed by a ternary system of ZnBr 2 /K 2 CO 3 /[Bmim]Br, while [Bmim]Br (1-butyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide) acted as both catalyst and solvent in the reaction. In the catalytic protocol, the products were isolated in good to excellent yields with good selectivity (up to 96%, total 15 examples). Various functional groups, such as -OMe, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -Me, -Et, -COMe and -CN were found tolerant in the reaction. The presence of a small amount of water and air in CO 2 does not affect the catalytic activity, and the catalyst can be recycled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a new two-dimensional chaotic map based on Logistic map and Chebyshev map is proposed. The performance analysis and evaluation show the proposed map has a very wide range of chaos and good ergodicity. Further, a new image encryption algorithm is designed using the chaotic map with Rubik's Cube transform and Brownian motion model. The encryption process is 'confusion - Rubik's cube transformation - diffusion'. In the confusion stage, a method combining Brownian motion theory and chaotic sequence is proposed. Then combining the advantages of chaotic system and Rubik's cube, a Rubik's Cube transformation algorithm is proposed. The scrambled pixel matrix and the chaotic matrix are spliced into a hexahedron structure, and the Rubik's Cube is dynamically scrambled through a pseudo-random sequence. Finally, the XOR operation is performed on the basis of the two-dimensional Hénon chaotic map. The experimental results show that the algorithm has the advantages of large key space, strong robustness and high security, and can resist common cryptanalysis attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlocal heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) transported across regions cause serious pollution in local atmospheric environments. However, previous studies misestimate the number of nonlocal HDDTs in the region and cannot identify the origin of the HDDTs on unmonitored road segments, resulting in unclear spatiotemporal distribution patterns of the emission contributions. This study therefore inferred the origins of HDDTs using trajectory data mining and obtained an accurate decomposition of the emission contribution from nonlocal HDDTs, from the single-vehicle-based HDDT emission inventory. A case study is conducted in Beijing. The results showed that the emission contribution of HDDTs from other regions to Beijing has a significant aggregation pattern and power function relationship with distance. The majority of nonlocal HDDTs in Beijing originate from Hebei and Tianjin and have the largest interaction intensity with Beijing, contributing 43% of the traffic counts and 37.05% of the emission intensity of HDDTs in Beijing. Temporally, the emission contribution of HDDTs from different regions has daily periodicity and is affected by major festivals. Nonlocal HDDTs dominate night-time emissions, which contributed 69.94% of total emissions at 1:00 a.m. The spatial heterogeneity of the emission contribution structure is mainly attributable to the traffic volume, highway freight ton-kilometers, and tertiary industry proportion. These findings extend the scientific understanding of the emission contributions of HDDTs and provide an important scientific basis for future strategies related to the control and management of emissions from HDDTs. [Display omitted] • The origin of heavy-duty diesel trucks is inferred based on trajectory mining. • A single-vehicle-based vehicle emission inventory is established. • Emission contribution structure of heavy-duty diesel trucks shows heterogeneity. • Emission contribution of heavy-duty diesel trucks has daily periodicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Inflammation plays an important role in all stages of atherosclerosis, but little is known about the therapeutic effects of quenching inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions formation.Purpose: Herein, the effect of artesunate, a derivant from artemisinin from the traditional Chinese herb sweet wormwood, could attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis lesion formation alone or combined with rosuvastatin in Western-type diet (WD) fed ApoE(-/-) mice, and explored its possible mechanisms.Methods: The methods such as ELISA for plasma lipids and cytokines analyses, qRT-PCR and western blot for mRNA and protein expressions, and MTT assay for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) viability were used for in vivo and in vitro experiments.Results: Artesunate could attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis lesion formation alone or combined with rosuvastatin in WD fed ApoE(-/-) mice without changes in food uptake, body weight and plasma lipids level, but with a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, artesunate could down-regulate the pro-inflammatory chemokines such as IL-8 and MCP-1 in aorta of mice. Besides, artesunate didn't influence IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion in HUVECs up-regulated by TNF-α, but inhibited IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion up-regulated by LPS.Conclusion: AS attenuated progression of atherosclerosis lesion formation alone or combined with rosuvastatin through anti-inflammatory effect, resulting in down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6, and further down-regulating IL-8 and MCP-1 expressions in aorta of WD fed ApoE(-/-) mice. Rosuvastatin combined with artesunate could more effectively attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis lesions than when treated by one of them, demonstrating that lipid-lowering agents combined with anti-inflammatory agents could provide the greater benefit for cardiovascular disease patients. Artesunate is worth further investigating as a candidate drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the CFD modeling and experimental verifications of a single-stage inertance tube coaxial Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler operating at 30–35 K using mixed stainless steel mesh regenerator matrices without either double-inlet or multi-bypass. A two-dimensional axis-symmetric CFD model with the thermal non-equilibrium mode is developed to simulate the internal process, and the underlying mechanism of significantly reducing the regenerator losses with mixed matrices is discussed in detail based on the given six cases. The modeling also indicates that the combination of the given different mesh segments can be optimized to achieve the highest cooling efficiency or the largest exergy ratio, and then the verification experiments are conducted in which the satisfactory agreements between simulated and tested results are observed. The experiments achieve a no-load temperature of 27.2 K and the cooling power of 0.78 W at 35 K, or 0.29 W at 30 K, with an input electric power of 220 W and a reject temperature of 300 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public institution building energy consumption is an important part of building energy consumption. With the rapid spread of HVAC systems, the status of building energy consumption is increasingly prominent. Taking 16 typical public institution buildings of Shenyang in the cold region for example, this paper presents current problems of Shenyang public institution existing buildings HVAC system green retrofitting. Through the HVAC system green transformation of existing buildings, energy-saving effects demonstrate the effectiveness of the green retrofitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-dimensional axis-symmetric CFD model of a miniature coaxial Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler with an overall weight of 920 g operating at 128 Hz is established, and systematic simulations of the performance characteristics at different temperatures are conducted. Both thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium mechanisms for the porous matrix are considered, and the regenerator losses including the gas and solid conduction, the pressure drop and the imperfect interfacial heat transfer are calculated, respectively. The results indicate that the pressure drop loss is dominant during the first 85% and 78% of regenerator length for the thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium models, respectively, and it decreases monotonously from warm to cold end due to the steadily decreasing Darcy and Forchheimer terms, whereas other entropy generations share similar changing tendencies, going up gradually near the warm end, increasing dramatically from about 60% of length and then decreasing sharply near the cold end. The reasons for these entropy variations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to “Twelfth Five-year “comprehensive energy conservation program of work” (Guo Fa [2011] No. 26) of the proposed objectives, in order to reduce the energy consumption of public institution existing buildings in cold region, public institutions existing buildings should be adapted to local conditions carried green retrofit. Taking Shenyang as the main object of study, green retrofit situation of five typical public sector buildings was mainly surveyed. Through the analysis of the survey data, combined with the evaluation index system of green building, this paper will propose the current problem of public institutions existing in the process of retrofit to determine the suitable technical measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Library Reading Room is a special public place, studies of air quality in Library Reading Rooms should be the emphases of the field about air quality research. During the study of the air quality about Library Reading Room in one college, we use appliance to collect the objective data, including room temperature, wind speed, concentrations of carbon dioxide, PM2.5 and PM10. We conduct a survey questionnaire about students of some symptoms such as restlessness, depression, tinnitus, Tired Eyes, tiredness, dry skin. Also the time spend in library, the dress, Height, weight and so on. Analysis helped prove that human feelings of the condition they stayed in was related to both their physiological factors and psychological factors, the ability of human perceive the environment temperature and humidity is relatively high, but imperceptible to the changes of the aerosol concentration in room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We systematically summarized the structure and function of IL-10 family factors in detail and activated different downstream pathways. We focus on the role of IL-10 in different kidney diseases. Understanding the role of IL-10 in regulating the pathogenesis of kidney disease. • We demonstrate for the first time the role of IL-10 in various kidney diseases including AKI, CKD, DN and LN. • A better understanding of IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory factor based on the improvement of inflammatory response, immune regulation, and tissue fibrosis could lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for various kidney diseases, thereby improving the prognosis of kidney disease patients. Kidney disease is a global health problem with high mortality and socioeconomic burden, including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN),and lupus nephritis (LN). However, IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory factor. During severe infection in kidney disease, maintaining tissue homeostasis by inhibiting excessive inflammatory response, regulating immune suppression, delaying tissue fibrosis, and promoting tissue repair. Therefore, improving the pathogenesis and identifying effective therapeutic targets are significant for treating and diagnosing kidney diseases. Thus, the current review describes the structure and function of the IL-10 family and focuses on crucial role in kidney disease. We further discuss the regulatory mechanisms through which IL-10 is involved in kidney disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]