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The aim of this study was to measure the inter- and intraobserver variations as well as integrality of the Zwipp, Crosby-Fitzgibbons, Sanders, and Eastwood-Atkins classification systems based on more accurate CT scans. Five hundred and forty-nine patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures from January 2018 to December 2019 taken from a database in our level-I trauma center (3 affiliated hospitals) were included. For each case, normative CT (1 mm slices) scans were available. Four different observers reviewed all CT scans 2 times according to these 4 most prevalent fracture classification systems (FCSs) within a 2-month interval. For these 4 FCSs, the kappa [κ] coefficient was used to evaluate interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility, and the percentage that can be classified was used to indicate integrality. The κ values were measured for Zwipp (κ = 0.38 interobserver, κ = 0.61 intraobserver), Crosby-Fitzgibbons (κ = 0.48 interobserver, κ = 0.79 intraobserver), Sanders (κ = 0.40 interobserver, κ = 0.57 intraobserver), and Eastwood-Atkins (κ = 0.44 interobserver, κ = 0.72 intraobserver). Furthermore, the integralities were calculated for Zwipp (100%), Crosby-Fitzgibbons (100%), Sanders (92%) as well as Eastwood-Atkins (89.6%). Compared with previous literatures, CT scanning with higher accuracy can significantly improve intraobserver reproducibility of Zwipp and Eastwood-Atkins FCSs, but it has no positive effect on variability of Sanders FCS and interobserver reliability of Crosby-Fitzgibbons FCS. In terms of integrality, Zwipp and Crosby-Fitzgibbons FCSs appear to be superior to the other 2 FCSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are no studies on epidemiologic characteristics of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), when specified at in patients with bilateral calcaneal fractures. This study aimed to address the preoperative DVT in bilateral calcaneal fractures. Between October 2014 and December 2018, adult patients presenting with bilateral calcaneal fractures and having preoperative Duplex ultrasound (DUS) of bilateral lower extremities for detection of DVT were included. Their medical data were collected, with regards to demographics, comorbidities, injury-related data and biomarkers. Baseline characteristics between patients with and without DVT were compared using bivariate tests. The further multivariate logistics regression analysis was conducted to identify independent factors associated with DVT. In total, 258 patients with bilateral calcaneal fractures were included, with 21 (8.1%) having preoperative DVT, diagnosed at 7.7 ± 4.2 days after injury. The prevalence rate of proximal DVT was 1.9% and of distal DVT was 6.2%. Thirty five thrombi were found, with 6 (17.1%) in proximal veins and 29 (82.9%) in distal veins. Nine patients had DVTs in multiple veins, and 2 patients had bilateral DVTs. The multivariate analyses showed history of allergy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17), concurrent other fractures (OR = 4.53), prolonged time since injury (for each day, OR = 1.16), elevated plasma D-dimer level (≥1.73 vs <1.73 mg/L, OR = 3.74) and reduced albumin level (<34.2 g/L vs ≥34.2 g/L, OR = 2.92) were independent factors associated with DVT. Multiple factors were identified to be associated with DVT and greater consideration should be given to the use of pharmacologic prophylaxis in patients involving these factors, to reduce DVT occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoa protein-based emulsion gels, filled with four types of oil phase loading of curcumin, were successfully fabricated using an acid-induced method, and their gel properties, digestive behavior and curcumin bioaccessibility were investigated. CLSM images revealed that emulsion gels prepared from LCT oil (corn oil and olive oil) exhibited compact structures with smaller oil droplets distributed in the gel matrix than those prepared from MCT and SCT. The rheological and textural analysis showed that the gel properties including apparent viscosity, firmness, hardness, and water holding capacity reduced as the sequence of LCT > MCT > SCT, which may be attributed to their gel microstructures. All the gels exhibited a good loading ability for curcumin, but the LCT oil droplet filled gels provided the best protection effect on curcumin against ultraviolet light. The initial digestion rate showed a decreasing trend as SCT > MCT > LCT, while final digestion extent reduced in a sequence of MCT > SCT > LCT, indicating a controlled released properties of LCT oil droplets filled gels. The bioaccessibility of curcumin followed a decreasing trend of MCT > LCT > SCT, suggesting that MCT and LCT may be more suitable for curcumin delivery. Our findings revealed the potentials of using adaptive oil to fabricate quinoa protein emulsion gels in protecting and delivering lipophilic bioactive components for improving their bioaccessibility in food products. [Display omitted] • QP stabilized emulsion gels filled with SCT, MCT or LCT droplets were successfully prepared. • The gelation property is closely related to the chain length and saturation of the oil phase. • LCT filled gels provided the best protection effect on curcumin against UV radiation. • The bioaccessibility of curcumin decreased in the order MCT > LCT > SCT. • LCT oil filled gel showed a controlled release effect on curcumin in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of surface abrasion on microstructure and pitting corrosion of 2297 Al-Li alloy were investigated. Statistical analysis reveals that surface abrasion alters surface roughness and induces partial dissolution of intermetallic particles. A smoother surface finish reduces the population density and the average size of AlCuMnFe particles, due to enhanced dissolution of AlCuMnFe particles. All abraded samples undergo pitting corrosion, and surface layer dissolution (except pitting) is not observed. Smoother surface has lower pitting susceptibility and better corrosion resistance than the rougher surface. The intermetallic particles significantly affect pitting corrosion of 2297 Al-Li alloy, while surface roughness has small influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper proposed a new architecture model of volatile data forensic. The model applied to all the volatile data sources is a general model. It can rebuild the evidence data fragment to chains of evidence which contains the behavior characteristics, so as to assist investigators to do case analysis. With the accumulated experience, the model can help judicial officers to intelligently analyze the same type of computer crimes, and based on currently available information to predict the impending crimes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Pattern matching algorithm is the basis of information biology as well as information retrieval research field. As far as the current computing capability of CPU is concerned, it may hardly satisfy the demand in terms of system realtime when faced by a large amount of data. Due to the enormous computing potential of GPU, various efforts have been made for the computing task migration to GPU with given application programs. In this paper, we present an AC Multi-pattern matching algorithm based on GPU with the parallelization of traditional algorithm based on CPU, and the matching efficiency may be significantly improved due to the high performance parallel processing capability of GPU. Experimental results show our proposed scheme achieved a better speed-up compared to the original one. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Feature selection based on information theory, which is used to select a group of the most informative features, has extensive application fields such as machine learning, data mining and natural language processing. However, numerous previous methods suffer from two common defects. (1) Feature relevancy is defined without distinguishing candidate feature relevancy and selected feature relevancy. (2) Some interdependent features may be misinterpreted as redundant features. In this study, we propose a feature selection method named Dynamic Relevance and Joint Mutual Information Maximization (DRJMIM) to address these two defects. DRJMIM includes four stages. First, the relevancy is divided into two categories: candidate feature relevancy and selected feature relevancy. Second, according to candidate feature relevancy that is joint mutual information, some redundant features are selected. Third, the redundant features are combined with a dynamic weight to reduce the selection possibility of true redundant features while increasing the false ones. Finally, the most informative and interdependent features are selected and true redundant features are eliminated simultaneously. Furthermore, our method is compared with five competitive feature selection methods on 12 publicly available data sets. The classification results show that DRJMIM performs better than other five methods. Its statistical significance is verified by a paired two-tailed t -test. Meanwhile, DRJMIM obtains few number of selected features when it achieves the highest classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial production of D -pantothenic acid from renewable carbon sources has attracted significant attention in recent years. Cofactor NADPH is involved in a variety of synthetic metabolic reactions, and its availability is considered to play a key role in biotransformation. In this study, nicotinamide and niacin, the precursors of NADPH, were supplemented to the growth medium of a wild-type Escherichia coli strain DPA11A01. Results showed that the addition of nicotinamide and niacin to the medium led to a significant increase in the levels of D -pantothenic acid, which were 22.76 % and 29.84 % higher than those of without precursor, respectively. Furthermore, the essential genes (zwf , icd , maeB , pntAB , sthA , yfjB , ppnk or pos5) for NADPH de novo synthesis were selected and co-overexpressed to increase the intracellular NADPH pool. The recombinant strain DPA11A14 carrying pos5 and ppnk co-expression plasmid reached 2.45 μmol NADPH /g DCW, while the control strain yielded 0.38 μmol NADPH /g DCW. Increased NADPH supply in the cells significantly enhanced D -pantothenic acid accumulation. The D -pantothenic acid titer of the co-overexpression strain DPA11A14 could reach 6.32 g/L in shake flask cultivation, which increased 53.4 % than that of the control. Fed-batch fermentation in 5-L bioreactor employing strain DPA11A14 allowed production of 63.58 g/L D -pantothenic acid with productivity of 0.73 g/L/h and yield of 0.33 g/g glucose. This study provides a productive D -pantothenic acid fermentation strain and an effective cofactor manipulating strategy for enhancing of NADPH-dependent products. • Influences of NADPH availability on the synthesis of D -pantothenic acid were studied. • Exogenous addition of NADPH precursors increase in the levels of D -pantothenic acid. • Co-expression of ppnk and pos5 increased NADPH supply and D -pantothenic acid production. • The optimal fermentation process increased the D -pantothenic acid titer to 63.58 g/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurring during the preoperative waiting period may affect the prognosis of traumatic patients, but there still lack of relevant data. This study aimed to address the preoperative DVT in isolated calcaneal fractures.Methods: Patients who presented with isolated calcaneal fracture and received preoperative Duplex ultrasound scanning of bilateral lower extremities for detection of DVT between October and December 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Relevant data were prospectively collected, including demographics, comorbidities, lifestyles, injury, and laboratory biomarkers at admission. Univariate analyses were used to compare the difference of each variable between patients with and without DVT. Multivariate logistics regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for DVT.Results: Totally, 770 patients met the criteria and were included, and 24 (3.1%) had preoperative DVT diagnosed at mean of 5.3 days after injury, all of which were asymptomatic. Among patients with DVTs, 36 thrombi were found and 29 (80.6%) were in distal veins. Eight patients had DVTs in multiple veins, but no patients had bilateral DVTs. The multivariate analyses showed older age (≥58 vs <58 years, OR = 3.84), delay from injury to DUS (in each day, OR = 1.23) and elevated plasma D-dimer level (≥1.79 vs <1.79 mg/L, OR = 2.53) were independent risk factors associated with DVT.Conclusions: Due to low prevalence of DVT in isolated fracture, routine throboprophylaxis is not recommended. However, emphasis should be given in older patients with delay to admission and elevated plasma D-dimer level for targeted detection of DVT and rapid therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlight • SSF was applied on natamycin production for the first time. • Substrate mixture of WB and RC was suitable for natamycin production by SSF. • A maximum natamycin production of 9.62 mg·gds−1 was achieved by batch culture. • Natamycin could be continuously produced for 5 cycles by repeated-batch SSF. • A 50.05% cost reduction of raw materials was achieved via SSF compared to SmF. Abstract At present, submerged fermentation (SmF) is the unique approach for natamycin production. This study aims to propose a strategy for natamycin production through solid-state fermentation (SSF). The maximum natamycin concentration (9.62 mg·gds−1) was obtained with a substrate mixture containing wheat bran, rapeseed cake, rice hull and crude glycerol in a 5 L flask at 28 °C, and the initial moisture content and inoculum size was set as 70% and 15%, individually. A 30 L scale-up fermentation showed similar parameters and produced 9.27 mg·gds−1 natamycin at the 8th day. Besides, natamycin could be continuously produced by repeated-batch fermentation for 5 cycles through SSF. Compared to SmF, SSF led to a 50.05% cost reduction of raw materials, less energy consumption and waste water discharge, which was of great significance in industrial fermentation. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on natamycin production through SSF process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a severe medical condition that, if left untreated, can cause permanent nerve and muscle damage, and may even require amputation. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with the development of ACS in patients with both-bone fractures of the forearm. Between November 2013 and January 2021, a retrospective data collection was conducted on 611 individuals who experienced both-bone forearm fractures at a level 1 trauma center. Among these patients, 78 patients were diagnosed with ACS, while the remaining 533 patients did not have ACS. Based on this division, the patients were categorized into two groups: the ACS group and the non-ACS group. Demographics (including factors such as age, gender, body mass index, crush injury, etc.), comorbidities (including conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, anemia, etc.), and admission lab results (including complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, and coagulation profiles, etc.) were analyzed using univariate analysis, logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. Predictors of ACS were identified through the final multivariable logistic regression analysis, which revealed that crush injury (p < 0.001, OR = 10.930), the levels of neutrophils (NEU) (p < 0.001, OR = 1.338) and the levels of creatine kinase (CK) (p < 0.001, OR = 1.001) were significant risk factors. Additionally, age (p = 0.045, OR = 0.978) and albumin (ALB) level (p < 0.001, OR = 0.798) were found to provide protective effects against ACS. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined cut-off values for NEU and CK to predict ACS: 7.01/L and 669.1 U/L respectively. Our study identified crush injury, NEU, and CK as significant risk factors for ACS in patients with both-bone forearm fractures. We also determined the cut-off values of NEU and CK, allowing for the individualized evaluation of ACS risk and the implementation of early targeted treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The cavity is made of phase change material (PCM) Sb 2 S 3 and acting as an active material, in which the mode present (i.e., perfectely absorbing) in one phase is absent (i.e., perfectely reflecting) in other due to high constrast in optical index between the two phases. The band edge of Sb 2 S 3 in its Cry and Amp state are in the 552 nm (green light) and 691 nm (red light) wavelength range. • The selective photoresponse is optimized at two wavelength 552 nm (green light) and 691 nm (red light) with 0.6 A/W and 0.5 A/W responsivity. • The photodetecor (PD) shows ~ 98 % absorption at 691 nm and ~ 86 % absorption at 552 nm with FWHM <100 nm, which is important charateristic of selective phtoresponse. • We use Hyperbolic dispersion of hyperbolic metamaterial to achieve narrow high Q-factor response from photodetector. A photodetector with a selective wavelength response is essential for many applications such as imaging, machine vision, and colour identification in particular. A state-of-the-art wavelength selective photodetector is a broadband photodetector mounted with a dichroic prism or an optical filter for selectivity. Furthermore, some of the designs depend on the engineering of the ratio of active material, for example, in triple halide lead perovskite for selective response. Here we numerically propose selective photoresponse using phase - change - material (PCM) antimony trisulfide (Sb 2 S 3) as an active medium. Sb 2 S 3 shows fast ∼70 ns and reversible phase transition between its Crystalline (Cry) and Amorphous (Amp) phase with significant contrast in refractive index. The phase transition can be controlled dynamically either by tharmal or optical means. The photo response (R) is optimized for 552 nm (green light) and 691 nm (red light) with R ∼0.5 A/W and R ∼0.6 A/W respectively. Moreover, we have shown that by integrating radiative cooling approach one can manage the heat accumulation due to photocurrent or incident light to maintain it's damage threshold. We have realized that one can maintain the PD temperature near to the ambience temperature even at 1000 W/m2. According to the simulations, the calculated operating temperatures under 1000 W/m2 with and without radiative cooling are respectively 305 K and 345 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]