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Large-scale floating photovoltaics (FPV) are garnering increased attention as a sustainable solution for renewable energy production and efficient utilization of ocean spaces. These FPV arrays are predominantly deployed in shallow water environments, which present significant challenges in mooring system design due to substantial tidal fluctuations. In such settings, mooring systems may become slack and lose functionality at low tide or risk damage from excessive stiffness at high tide. The primary aim of this study is to develop a mooring system tailored to FPV arrays, capable of withstanding extensive tidal variations without causing damage to the floating modules due to high mooring line tension. Employing HydroD, a hydrodynamic analysis tool based on potential flow theory, alongside OrcaFlex, a time-domain coupled analysis tool predicated on the lumped mass method, we conducted a comparative assessment of six distinct mooring configurations. These configurations, varying in mooring line materials and components, were evaluated from static, dynamic, and fatigue analysis standpoints across a range of tidal levels. The results indicate that taut mooring systems integrated with buoys or clumps consistently exhibit superior performance in all test scenarios. Accordingly, these systems are highly recommended for securing FPV arrays in shallow water environments characterized by severe tidal variations, offering optimal stability and resilience. • Challenges in designing mooring systems for FPV arrays in shallow waters with significant tidal varations are concluded. • Six distinct mooring configurations consisting of various materials and componets are meticulously designed and compared. • Taut mooring concepts integrated buoys or clumps are recommended for securing FPV arrays in shallow water environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, MoS 2 nanosheets were prepared using a facile hydrothermal method and we studied their electromagnetic wave shielding performance for the first time. The results showed that the nanosheets synthesized with a reaction time of 10 h exhibited excellent electromagnetic shielding performance and the attenuation of electromagnetic waves was greater than 20 dB in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz. These findings may facilitate the development of novel layered nanomaterials with excellent electromagnetic shielding properties. • Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets with shielding properties are prepared. • Raman shifts of E 2g and A 1g peaks were 376.03 cm−1 and 402.32 cm−1. • MoS 2 nanosheets were ultra-thin with less than four layers. • Absorption loss was the main attenuation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize flat sheet-like tungsten disulfide with a single-crystal structure, using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, tungsten hexachloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a reducing agent and a sulfur source, a tungsten source and a surfactant, respectively. The controllable synthesis of the tungsten disulfide nanosheet was realized by controlling the types of surfactants, which was characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, BET, UV-vis and PL. Due to the unique flat sheet morphology and unique electronic characteristic of the synthesized tungsten disulfide nanosheets, they could be promising nanomaterials for electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy is a dynamic recycling process that eliminates damaged proteins and cellular organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes conversion of glucose to sorbitol. It also catalyzes the reduction of a broad array of saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. Recently we demonstrated that deletion of AR promotes pathological cardiac remodeling via excessive autophagy; however, the role of AR in starvation-induced autophagy has not been determined. To determine the role of AR in starvation-induced autophagy, WTC57/Bl6 mice were pretreated with the AR inhibitor sorbinil (0.2 g/L for 48 h) in drinking water, followed by 24 h fasting. We found that the sorbinil pretreatment in fed mice did not affect blood glucose levels, whereas, it decreased the blood glucose levels in fasting mice. In comparison with fed mice, the LC3II formation and LCII/LCI ratio were increased in the fasted mice hearts and sorbinil pretreatment further enhanced LC3II formation and LC3II/LC3I ratios in these hearts. Fasting-induced autophagy coincided with AMPK activation in the sorbinil pretreated fasted mice hearts. Autophagy and activation of AMPK was also induced in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle of sorbinil pre-treated fasted mice. Induction of autophagy in the cardiac tissues of sorbinil pretreated fasted mice was accompanied by increased clearance of 4-hydroxy trans -2-nonenal-protein adducts. Taken together, these results indicate that the inhibition of AR during fasting activates autophagic response, increases clearance of aldehyde-protein adducts, which could serve as a mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis during starvation. • Aldose reductase (AR) inhibition enhances starvation induced autophagy in heart and skeletal muscle. • Degradation of aldehyde modified protein adducts is enhanced by AR inhibition during starvation. • Inhibition of AR during insulin resistant states could provide energy by enhancing autophagic flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroics have broad application prospects in various fields such as multi-layer ceramic capacitors and multifunctional devices owing to their high dielectric constants and coupled magnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature. In this study, cobalt ferrite (CFO)/barium calcium titanate (BCT) composite fibers are prepared from BCT and CFO sols by an electrospinning method, and are then oriented by magnetic fields and sintered at high temperatures. The effects of magnetic fields and CFO contents on the nanostructures and magnetoelectric properties of the composites are investigated. Strong coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric properties occurs in CFO/BCT composites with magnetic orientation. More interestingly, the dielectric constants of CFO/BCT composites with magnetic orientation are found to be enhanced (by ∼1.5–3.5 times) as compared with those of BCT and CFO/BCT without magnetic orientation. The boost of dielectric constants of magnetic-field orientated CFO/BCT is attributed to the magneto-electrical coupling between CFO and BCT, where the polar domains of BCT are pinned by the orientated CFO. Therefore, this work not only provides a novel and effective approach in enhancing the dielectric constants of ceramic ferroelectrics, which is of tremendous value for industrial applications, but also elucidates the interaction mechanisms between ferromagnetic phase and ferroelectric phase in multiferroic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redox-sensitive potassium channels consisting of the voltage-gated K + (K V ) channel pore subunit K V 1.5 regulate resting membrane potential and thereby contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells. Members of the K V 1 family associate with cytosolic auxiliary β subunits, which are members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily (AKR6A subfamily). The Kvβ subunits have been proposed to regulate Kv1 gating via pyridine nucleotide cofactor binding. However, the molecular identity of K V β subunits that associate with native K V 1.5 channels in the vasculature is unknown. Here, we examined mRNA and protein expression of K V β subunits and tested whether K V β isoforms interact with K V 1.5 channels in murine coronary arteries. We detected K V β1 (AKR6A3), K V β2 (AKR6A5) and K V β3 (AKR6A9) transcripts and K V β1 and K V β2 protein in left anterior descending coronary arteries by real time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. In situ proximity ligation assays indicated abundant protein-protein interactions between K V 1.5/K V β1, K V 1.5/K V β2 and K V β1/β2 in coronary arterial myocytes. Confocal microscopy and membrane fractionation analyses suggest that arterial myocytes from K V β2-null mice have reduced abundance of sarcolemmal K V 1.5. Together, data suggest that in coronary arterial myocytes, K V 1.5 channels predominantly associate with K V β1 and K V β2 proteins and that K V β2 performs a chaperone function for K V 1.5 channels in arterial myocytes, thereby facilitating Kv1α trafficking and membrane localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]