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Highlights: [•] A short patterned high-frequency stimulation (PHS) induces LTD in hippocampus. [•] PHS-induced LTD depends on both GABAARs and mAChRs but not NMDAR or mGluR activation. [•] PHS-induced LTD requires AMPAR endocytosis and protein synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The central piriform cortex (cPC) is considered to be critically involved in the generation and propagation of kindled seizures. Our previous study found that low-frequency stimulation (LFS) of the cPC inhibits the development process of amygdala kindling. In this study, we determined whether unilateral LFS of the cPC had an inhibitory effect on amygdaloid-kindled seizures in Sprague–Dawley rats. When fully-kindled seizures were achieved by daily amygdala electrical stimulation (2 s train of 1 ms pulses at 60 Hz and 150–300 μA), LFS (15 min train of 0.1 ms pulses at 1 Hz and 50–150 μA) was applied to the ipsilateral or contralateral cPC 1 s after cessation of kindling stimulation for 10 days. LFS of the ipsilateral cPC significantly decreased the incidence of generalized seizures and seizure stage, and shortened cumulative afterdischarge duration and cumulative generalized seizure duration. LFS of the contralateral cPC also significantly decreased the expression of seizure stage, but had no appreciable effect on the generalized seizure incidence, cumulative afterdischarge duration and cumulative generalized seizure duration. On the other hand, LFS of the ipsilateral cPC significantly increased the afterdischarge threshold and further increased the differences of current intensity between afterdischarge threshold and generalized seizure threshold. Our data suggest that LFS of the cPC may be an effective method of inhibiting kindled seizures by preventing both afterdischarge generation and propagation. It provide further evidence that brain regions like the cPC, other than the seizure focus, can serve as targets for deep brain stimulation treatment of epilepsy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Based on the fact that the performance requirements are usually different from one part to another in one component, a novel graded structural material (GSM) of Ti-6Al-4V/Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si has been designed and successfully fabricated by laser melting deposition (LMD) manufacturing technology. Microstructure and chemical composition have been characterized by OM, SEM and EPMA. Micro-hardness and room temperature tensile property have been evaluated as well. Large columnar grains growing epitaxially and traversing multiple deposited layers occur both in Ti-6Al-4V part and Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si part. The columnar-to-equiaxed-to-columnar transition happens in the gradient zone because the thermal behavior in and around the molten pool undergoes a transition from unstable state to stable state at the beginning of the LMD process. The microstructure and micro-hardness in gradient zone vary gradually as a function of chemical composition. Both the chemical composition and micro-hardness in gradient zone change abruptly in interlaminations and exhibit a characteristic of steps. According to room temperature tensile results, the fracture takes place in Ti-6Al-4V part when the graded structural material is tested in the longitudinal direction, illustrating that the bonding strength in the gradient zone is stronger than the strength of Ti-6Al-4V in the longitudinal direction. The strength of the graded structural material in the transverse direction falls between that of Ti-6Al-4V in transverse direction and Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si in transverse direction. Mechanical behavior of the graded structural material during the room temperature tensile test is analyzed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which describes the identification of a novel HLA-B*40 allele, B*40:324 in a Chinese hematopoietic stem cell donor. The sequence-based typing methodology in the study is offered. Results indicate the difference of HLA-B allele from the closest allele B*40:63 by two nucleotide changes in exon 3 are