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Wild Fragaria resources exhibit extensive genetic diversity and desirable edible traits, such as high soluble solid content and flavor compounds. However, specific metabolites in different wild strawberry fruits remain unknown. In this study, we characterized 1008 metabolites covering 11 subclasses among 13 wild diploid resources representing eight species, including F. vesca, F. nilgerrensis, F. viridis, F. nubicola, F. pentaphylla, F. mandschurica, F. chinensis, and F. emeiensis. Fifteen potential metabolite biomarkers were identified to distinguish fruit flavors among the 13 diploid wild Fragaria accessions. A total of nine distinct modules were employed to explore key metabolites related to fruit quality through weighted gene co-expression module analysis, with significant enrichment in amino acid biosynthesis pathway. Notably, the identified significantly different key metabolites highlighted the close association of amino acids, sugars, and anthocyanins with flavor formation. These findings offer valuable resources for improving fruit quality through metabolome-assisted breeding. • Widely targeted metabolomic was used to analyze metabolites of 13 diploid Fragaria. • A total of 1008 metabolites belonging to 11 subclasses were identified. • Fifteen potential biomarkers were identified among specific diploid accessions. • Flavonoids, sugars, lipids, amino acids were associated with flavor formation. • Cyanidins and pelargonidins played dominant roles in fruit color of four species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The R T of n-decane is nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of liquid metal. • Optimal aspect ratios of liquid metal and n-decane may be 1 and 0.5, respectively. • A matched inlet flow rate exists to optimize the cracking of n-decane in channels. • Liquid metals are more suitable than n-decane for cooling with heat flux of 3MW/m2. This paper explores the comparison of heat transfer performance between aviation kerosene and liquid metals in the engine wall cooling channel. The relative error between the experiment and simulation results is within 3 %, indicating that the simulation has good accuracy. Simulation results show that the temperature uniformity of liquid metal is much higher than that of n-decane, and the heat absorption uniformity of liquid metal has a higher correlation with the flow rate than with the temperature. For a specific heat flux and channel configuration, there is a matched inlet flow rate for n-decane to optimize cracking in the channel. Liquid metals and n-decane exist different optimal aspect ratios and rib thicknesses to optimize flow distribution homogeneity. Liquid metal is more suitable for wall cooling channel to recover energy under extreme flight conditions with high heat flux, because the disadvantages of n-decane cooling are more obvious under the extreme heat flux condition. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce suitable control means in the cooling channel to increase the chemical heat sink of n-decane. However, liquid metal does not need to consider such a complicated matching relationship, which may be another advantage of using liquid metal as a wall coolant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing novel nanostructures is always the most decisive aspect for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Thus, a facile one-step and self-templated method is successfully developed for the fabrication of urchin-like Ni 2 Co(CO 3) 2 (OH) 2 hollow microspheres (NiCoHSs) as a high-performance hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. The synthesis conditions are carefully adjusted and the mechanisms of morphology transformation are clearly illustrated. The favorable morphology with a large specific surface area, suitable pore sizes, and good conductivity endows a high specific capacity (890.8 C g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and excellent rate retention (700.8 C g−1 at 50 A g−1), and high stability (87.5% over 5000 cycles), which outperforms most reported electrodes based on nickel-cobalt oxides/hydroxides. Contributed by the uniquely engineered electrodes, a high-performance hybrid supercapacitor (HCS) is assembled, which exhibited a high specific capacity of 256.9 C g−1 (160.5 F g−1) at 0.5 A g−1 with an operating voltage of 1.6 V and an outstanding energy density of 57.1 W h kg−1 at a power density of 400.0 W kg−1. This work offers a facile self-templated method to fabricate bimetal Transition-metal oxides (TMOs) electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrosynthesis of ethanol by CO 2 reduction is mostly achieved on metallic copper electrocatalysts, but confronts low Faradic efficiency (FE) and selectivity. Herein, we report novel electrocatalysts in which Ni nanoparticles are encapsulated in N-rich carbon nanotubes (Ni@NCNT) by chemical vapor deposition method. The optimized Ni@NCNT-700 exhibits a high ethanol FE of 38.5% at −0.5 V and remains over 30% in a wide potential range of −0.5 ∼ −1.2 V. Notably, ethanol is the only liquid product and the total FE for CO and ethanol keeps above 90% in a potential range of −0.6 ∼ −1.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. A high current density of 128 mA cm−2 is obtained in a 1 M KOH electrolyte at −2.0 V in a flow-cell device. Moreover, In-situ Raman and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the confinement and synergistic effects of Ni NPs and NCNTs sufficiently lower the energy barrier for C–C coupling and suppressed the *CO desorption. [Display omitted] • Non-Cu based electrocatalysts for ethanol production. • High ethanol FE of 38.5% at low overpotential of −0.5 V vs. RHE as the only liquid product. • Total FE for reduced production (CO and ethanol) over 90% in a wide voltage range of −0.7 ∼ −1.1 V vs. RHE. • Confinement and synergistic effect of N species on NCNTs and Ni NPs reduce the Gibbs free energy barrier for C–C coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First long-term daily soil NO flux measurement with an automated system from a temperate forest in Northeast China. • Soil temperature explained 90–92% of the seasonal variation in NO emission, with a Q 10 of 3.67. • The optimum soil moisture for NO emission was 37% WFPS during the growing season. • Annual soil NO emission was 0.42±0.04 kg N ha−1, being 31% of the global forest average. • Soil NO emission during the non-growing season was only 7.7% of the annual flux. Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive trace gas affecting atmospheric chemistry and air quality. Although forest soils have been recognized as an important source of atmospheric NO, there are large uncertainties in global forest soil NO emission inventories (ranged from 0.03 to 8.00 kg N ha−1, averaged 1.34 ± 0.28 kg N ha−1), partly due to the paucity of high-frequency monitoring from unmanaged forests. In this study, we used an automated sampling system to measure NO fluxes with a high temporal resolution over two years (daily measurements from January 2019 to December 2020) in a mixed forest in Northeast China. We found that the mean annual NO emission was 0.42 ± 0.04 kg N ha−1, being 31% of the global forest average. The contribution of NO emission during the growing season was 92% of the yearly NO flux. Soil temperature was the most important edaphic factor in regulating NO emission, explaining 90–92% of the seasonal variation. The apparent temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of NO flux was 3.67. In the growing season, NO emission was also influenced by soil moisture, with optimum soil moisture of 37% WFPS. By providing a detailed measurement of diurnal, seasonal, and annual dynamics of NO emissions and their environmental controls from forest soils, our data are useful to develop more accurate biogeochemical models that will improve upscaled global NO budgets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of science and technology, binocular vision detection technology has become one of the most important technologies because of its high precision and stability. In order to achieve high-precision three-dimensional measurement of high-speed rail train, a binocular stereo vision system is built in this paper. The visual image is gray-scale processed, and then the integral image is used to realize the edge preservation processing of local mean square deviation, and then the denoised image is enhanced. At the same time, FAST algorithm based on accelerated segmentation detection is proposed to extract feature points. In order to solve the problem of camera calibration, this paper proposes a high-precision binocular stereo vision calibration algorithm based on direct calculation and grating conversion calibration. Firstly, the reliable information points are determined from the two-dimensional image, and then the edge image is obtained by effectively detecting the ellipse contour according to the set of information points. Finally, the ellipse parameters are extracted by using the ellipse contour information, and finally the camera parameters are solved by using the ring point. Compared with the traditional calibration method, the experimental results show that the average reprojection error of the two cameras is about 0.1 pixel, and the data accuracy is high, which proves the feasibility and theoretical correctness of the experimental method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]