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• The effect of antithrombotic therapy on atrial fibrillation patients with intracerebral hemorrhage remains uncertain. • We employed logistic regression and propensity score matching to minimize confounding biases. • Among these patients, antithrombotic therapy, notably DOACs, correlated with lower mortality. • Patients with cardiac insufficiency may have better survival outcomes with antithrombotic treatment. The effect of antithrombotic therapy on patients with atrial fibrillation who sustained previous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains uncertain. Data regarding antithrombotic therapy use in these patients are limited. This study aims to compare the clinical and overall outcomes of antithrombotic therapy and usual care in patients with atrial fibrillation who sustained ICH. We assembled consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation sustaining an ICH from our institution. Multivariable regression analysis and propensity-matched analysis were applied to assess associations of different antithrombotic therapies and outcomes. The primary outcome was mortality within the longest follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests of the time-to-event data were used to assess differences in survival. In total, 296 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation who survived an ICH were included in this study. Our analysis demonstrated that antithrombotic therapy was associated with reduced mortality up to a 4-year duration of follow-up (OR, 0.49, 95 % CI 0.30–0.81). Similar results were obtained from the propensity-matched analysis (OR, 0.58, 95 % CI 0.34–0.98). Subgroup analysis showed that compared with usual care, direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) with or without antiplatelet was associated with a lower risk of long-term mortality (OR, 0.34, 95 % CI 0.17–0.69). In addition, our analysis observed a significant interaction between cardiac insufficiency and treatment effect (P = 0.04). In patients with atrial fibrillation who have a history of ICH, administration of antithrombotic therapy, especially DOAC, was associated with lower mortality. Future randomized trials are warranted to test the positive net clinical benefit of DOAC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is, to date, the largest study studying the association of hyperglycemia at admission on in-hospital mortality. • We also found a dose–response association between higher blood glucose and increased odds of mortality and infections. • This study found that mild hyperglycemia was not associated with an increased risk of death. This finding suggests that tight glycemic control in patients with SAH may offer no benefit. Elevated blood glucose is frequently detected early after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We aimed to investigate whether hyperglycemia at admission is associated with mortality in patients with aSAH. In a multicenter observational study of patients with aSAH, we defined normal glycemia, mild hyperglycemia, moderate hyperglycemia, and severe hyperglycemia as blood glucose of 4.00–6.09 mmol/L, 6.10–7.80 mmol/L, 7.81–10.00 mmol/L, and > 10.00 mmol/L, respectively. We performed propensity score matching to obtain the adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Of 6771 patients with aSAH, 511(7.5 %) had died in hospital, and hyperglycemia at admission was observed in 4804 (70.9 %). Propensity scores matching analyses indicated that compared with normal glycemia, the odds of in-hospital mortality were slightly lower in patients with mild hyperglycemia (OR 0.89, 95 % CI 0.56–1.40), significantly higher in patients with moderate hyperglycemia (OR 1.90, 95 % CI 1.20–3.01), and in patients with severe hyperglycemia (OR 3.45, 95 % CI 2.15–5.53; P trend < 0.001). Long-term survival was worse among patients with hyperglycemia and was proportional to its severity. Similar dose–response associations were evident for poor functional outcomes and major disability. Hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of hospital-acquired infections (OR 1.46, 95 % CI 1.29–1.66) and rebleeding (OR 1.58, 95 % CI 1.06–2.35). Among aSAH patients, hyperglycemia at admission was independently associated with increased mortality. Both moderate hyperglycemia and severe hyperglycemia were associated with an increased risk of mortality, but these associations were not seen in mild hyperglycemia (blood glucose 6.10–7.80 mmol/L). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]