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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread environmental contaminant, and humans are routinely exposed to BPA. We investigated whether prenatal exposure to BPA influences behavioral development in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ). Pregnant cynomolgus monkeys were implanted with subcutaneous pumps and exposed to 10 µg/kg/day BPA or vehicle (control) from gestational day 20 to 132. Both BPA-exposed and control juvenile monkeys (aged 1-2 years) were assessed using the peer-encounter test that was conducted to evaluate behaviors in social interaction with a same-sex, same-treatment peer. In the encounter test, prenatal BPA exposure significantly reduced environmental exploration and presenting , a gesture related to sexual reproduction, and increased visual exploration , but only in males; furthermore, it significantly reduced the typical sexual dimorphism of the aforementioned behaviors normally observed between male and female juvenile cynomolgus monkeys. This study demonstrates that prenatal BPA exposure affects behavioral development during adolescence and results in the demasculinization of key sexually dimorphic behaviors in male juvenile monkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]