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Background: The Cotoneaster species are widely used as traditional purposes in different countries including Turkey.Purpose: The study was performed to evaluate the biological and chemical profile of two extracts (methanol (T-Me; F-Me) and water (T-W; F-W)) from two parts (twigs and fruits) of Cotoneaster integerrimus.Materials and Methods: Antioxidant (free radical scavenging (DPPH), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating), enzyme inhibitory (cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase), antimicrobial (standard microorganisms and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates (MRSA)) and mutagenic/antimutagenic effects (by Ames assay) were tested for biological profile. For chemical profile, total and individual phenolic components were detected for each extract.Results: Generally, T-Me reflected the strongest biological effects with the highest level of phenolics (115. 15 mgGAEs/g extract). Also, twig extracts had more potent biological effects as compared to flower extracts. Eight-teen phenolics were identified in the extracts. (-)- epicatechin was the major constituent in all extracts and is mainly responsible for biological activities observed. Its amount present in F-W and T-W were 9.27 and 32.89mg/g extract, respectively. Also, molecular docking was used to understand enzyme-epicatechin interactions.Conclusion: From these results, this plant has a great potential as a health promoter for developing novel functional food ingredients and pharmaceutical preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Turbulent natural convection in a vertical parallel plate channel has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. The experimental channel is formed of a uniform temperature heater wall and an opposing glass wall. A fibre flow laser doppler anemometer (LDA) is used to measure velocity profiles along the channel. Simultaneous velocity and temperature profile measurements are made at the channel outlet. A commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is used to simulate heat transfer and fluid flow in the channel numerically. The code is customised building in some low Reynolds number (LRN) k–ε turbulence models. The numerical method used in this study is found to predict heat transfer and flow rate fairly accurately. It is also capable of capturing velocity and temperature profiles with some accuracy. Experimental and numerical data are presented comparatively in the form of velocity, temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy profiles along the channel for a case. Correlating equations are obtained from the numerical results for heat transfer and induced flow rate and, are presented graphically comparing with other studies available in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Objectives: In this study, we investigated the frequency and aetiology of retinal lesions in bacteraemic and septic patients and the risk factors involved. Methods: A total of 150 adult patients in our hospital were included in the study. After consultation with the infectious diseases specialist, the following details were recorded: demographic data, area of admission, underlying diseases, Winston''s clinical condition, Charlson''s co-morbidity index, McCabe''s criteria for underlying disease, APACHE II scoring, community or nosocomial acquisition of bacteraemia, and micro-organism responsible. Blood cultures were obtained from all the patients at least three times. All patients were examined for ocular lesions by the same ophthalmologist 48–72h after the first examination. Some long-term hospitalized patients were evaluated more than once. Results: Patients were divided into six groups: 18 (12%) were bacteraemic non-septic; 31 (20.7%) were septic bacteraemic; 43 (28.7%) were septic non-bacteraemic; 19 (12.7%) had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS); 16 (10.7%) were non-septic non-bacteraemic but infectious; and 23 (15.3%) were controls. We found bacteraemia-related retinal lesions (BRRLs) in 22/150 (14.7%) of the patients, 19 of whom (86.4%) were in the septic-bacteraemic group while 3 (13.6%) were in the septic non-bacteraemic group. BRRLs were observed in 19/31 (61.3%) patients in the septic-bacteraemic group. Winston and APACHE II scores were found to be higher in patients with BRRLs than in others. BRRLs were more prevalent in septic or bacteraemic patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases (31.8%) or cancer (27.3%) than in patients with other diseases. The organism most frequently responsible for bacteraemia in patients with BRRLs was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.3%), and the second most common was Staphylococcus aureus (22.7%). Conclusion: BRRLs are most frequent in bacteraemic-septic patients (61.3%). The underlying diseases predisposing most to BRRLs are diseases of the CNS and cancers. Ocular examination appears to be a useful aid to diagnosis of bacteraemia or sepsis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: Our purpose is to determine the diagnosis of high-flow priapism due to cavernosal artery fistula with pseudoaneurysm and treatment with N-butyl-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) embolization in a case. Methods and material: A 32-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of painless priapism after perineal blunt trauma. On colour Doppler sonography and clinical examination high-flow priapism due to the left cavernosal artery fistula with pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed in the patient. Right cavernosal artery was normal. The diagnosis was confirmed with angiography. It was treated by transcatheter embolization using NBCA. Results: After treatment, immediate complete detumescence and normal potency was achieved after 2 days follow-up. Conclusion: Perineal colour Doppler ultrasonography is a reliable and noninvasive examination to demonstrate cavernosal artery fistula and pseudoaneurysm. Super selective transcatheter embolization with NBCA is a method of choice in the treatment of the cavernosal artery fistula and pseudoaneurysm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]