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· The study offers strategic approaches for treating radiation-induced intestinal damage using LGYD, a traditional Chinese medicinal formula. · Blood-circulating components of LGYD were pinpointed, with its multi-target therapeutic mechanism on radiation-induced intestinal injury deciphered by an integrated multi-omics analysis. · LGYD improves post-radiation intestinal recovery by upping Akkermansia muciniphila and SCFA levels, leveraging intestinal organoids to mimic the crypt microenvironment. The efficacy of Liangxue Guyuan Yishen Decoction (LGYD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been scientifically proven in the treatment of radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) and preservation of intestinal integrity and function following high-dose radiation exposure. However, further investigation is required to comprehensively elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of LGYD in order to provide potential pharmaceutical options for radiation protection. This study aims to elucidate the potential mechanism through which LGYD exerts its therapeutic effects on RIII by modulating the gut microbiota (GM). 16 s rRNA analysis was employed to assess the impact of varying doses of whole body irradiation (WBI) on GM in order to establish an appropriate model for this study. The effects of LGYD on GM and SCFA were evaluated using 16 s rRNA and Quantification of SCFA. UHPLC-QE-MS was utilized to identify the active components in LGYD as well as LGYD drug containing serum (LGYD-DS). Subsequently, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to validate the influence of LGYD and/or characteristic microbiota on RIII recovery in vivo. The effects of LGYD-DS, characteristic flora, and SCFA on intestinal stem cell (ISC) were assessed by measuring organoid surface area in intestinal organoid model. The species composition and abundance of GM were significantly influenced by whole-body irradiation with a dose of 8.5 Gy, which was used as in vivo model. LGYD significantly improves the survival rate and promotes recovery from RIII. Additionally, LGYD exhibited a notable increase in the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) and levels of SCFA, particularly isobutyric acid. LGYD-DS consisted of seven main components derived from herbs of LGYD. In vivo experiments indicated that both LGYD and AKK substantially enhanced the survival rate after radiation and facilitated the recovery process for intestinal structure and function. In the organoid model, treatment with LGYD-DS, AKK supernatant or isobutyric acid significantly increased organoid surface area. LGYD has the potential to enhance RIII by promoting the restoration of intestinal stem cell, which is closely associated with the upregulation of AKK abundance and production of SCFA, particularly isobutyric acid. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We document the credit transmission channel of monetary policy in China by examining the signaling effect of government subsidies on the credit transmission process. We divide the signaling effect of government subsidies into a certification effect (indicating that firms have good quality) and an endorsement effect (indicating that firms have the recessive guarantee of government). Our results show that banks pay more attention to the endorsement effect of government subsidies when they make credit decisions, especially during tight money periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A selectively increasing Tyr oxidation signal system is constructed. • MB-based electro-generated reactive cation radicals can react with Tyr residues. • Amplified oxidation mechanisms of Tyr residues are demonstrated. • Denatured BSA can be distinguished from native BSA. • The proposed signal amplification method has ability to resist interference from Trp. The low-level electrochemical oxidation signals of amino acid residues always limit their applications in label-free protein biosensors. Herein, methylene blue (MB) is used to increase the oxidation signal of tyrosine (Tyr) residues in native/denatured bovine serum albumin (BSA) and HIV-1 Tat peptide. It is found that MB can remarkably amplify Tyr-based oxidation responses in BSA and peptide by MB-based electro-generated reactive radicals. The signal amplification mechanism is demonstrated by assessing the influences of various factors such as MB concentration, BSA concentration, solution pH, incubation temperature, amino acid sequence and chemical denaturation agents. The proposed signal enhancement method has significant advantages of good selectivity, high reproducibility and strong anti-interference ability. The present results provide new insight into Tyr-based oxidation signal amplification in label-free electrochemical protein biosensors by in-situ electro-generated reactive cation radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene has found important applications in various areas and hundred tons of graphene materials are annually produced. It is crucial to investigate both the negative and positive environmental effects of graphene materials to ensure the safe applications and develop environmental applications. In this study, we reported the stimulating effects of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter chroococcum. RGO stimulated the cell growth of A. chroococcum at 0.010–0.500 mg/mL according to the growth curves and the colony-forming unit (CFU) increases. RGO wrapped over the A. chroococcum cells without inducing ultrastructural changes. RGO decreased the leakage of cell membrane, but slight oxidative stress was observed in A. chroococcum. RGO promoted the nitrogen fixation activity of A. chroococcum at 0.5 mg/mL according to both isotope dilution method and acetylene reduction activity measurements. Consequently, the increases of soil nitrogen contents were evidenced, in particular about 30% increase of organic nitrogen occurred at 0.5 mg/mL of RGO. In addition, RGO might possibly benefit the plant growth through enhancing the indoleacetic acid production of A. chroococcum. These results highlighted the positive environmental effects of graphene materials to nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nitrogen cycle. [Display omitted] • Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) stimulated the cell growth of Azotobacter chroococcum. • RGO wrapped over the A. chroococcum cells without ultrastructural changes. • RGO promoted the nitrogen fixation activity of A. chroococcum. • RGO increased the soil nitrogen contents. • RGO enhanced the indoleacetic acid (IAA) production of A. chroococcum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]