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[Display omitted] • DMU-SPME was used to comprehensively extracted fatty acids without derivatization. • DMU-SPME combined with GC-FID has excellent method performance. • Fatty acids (C2-C22) in real samples were determined by DMU-SPME-GC-MS. The comprehensive determination of fatty acids without derivatization, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), is a big challenge but powerful for lipidomics in biology, food, and environment. Herein, the dual mode unity solid-phase microextraction (DMU-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) or mass spectrometry (MS) was proposed as a powerful method for the determination of comprehensive free fatty acids in real samples. Under the optimized DMU-SPME conditions, the proposed method has good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.994) and low limits of determination (0.01–0.14 mg/L). In the stability analysis, the intra-day relative standard deviation was 1.39–12.43 %, and the inter-day relative standard deviation was 2.84–10.79 %. The recoveries of selected 10 fatty acids in real samples ranged from 90.18 % to 110.75 %, indicating that the method has good accuracy. Fatty acids ranging from C2 to C22 were detected in real samples by the untargeted determination method of DMU-SPME combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The DMU-SPME method proposed in this study can be used for lipid metabolism analysis and free fatty acid determination in the fields of biology, food, and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fascial autografts, which are easily available grafts, have provided a promising option in patients with massive rotator cuff tears. However, no fascial autografts other than the fascia lata have been reported, and the exact healing process of the fascia-to-bone interface is not well understood. The objective of this study is to histologically and biomechanically evaluate the effect of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) on fascia-to-bone healing. A total of 88 rats were used in this study. Eight rats were killed at the beginning to form an intact control group, and the other rats were divided randomly into 2 groups (40 rats per group): the TLF augmentation group (TLF group) and the repair group (R group). The right supraspinatus was detached, and a 3 × 5 mm defect of the supraspinatus was created. The TLF was used to augment the torn supraspinatus in the TLF group, whereas in the R group, the torn supraspinatus was repaired in only a transosseous manner. Histology and biomechanics were assessed at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively. The modified tendon maturation score of the TLF group was higher than that of the R group at 8 weeks (23.00 ± 0.71 vs. 24.40 ± 0.89, P =.025) and 16 weeks (24.60 ± 0.55 vs. 26.40 ± 0.55, P ≤.001). The TLF group showed a rapid vascular reaction, and the peak value appeared at 1 week. Later, the capillary density decreased, and almost no angiogenesis was observed at 8 weeks postoperatively. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of collagen I in the TLF group at 4, 8, and 16 weeks (24.78% ± 2.76% vs. 20.67% ± 2.11% at 4 weeks, P =.046; 25.46% ± 1.77% vs. 21.49% ± 2.33% at 8 weeks, P =.026; 34.77% ± 2.25% vs. 30.01% ± 3.17% at 16 weeks, P =.040) postoperatively. Biomechanical tests revealed that the ultimate failure force in the TLF group was significantly higher than that in the R group at the final evaluation (29.13 ± 2.49 N vs. 23.10 ± 3.47 N, P =.022). The TLF autograft can promote a faster biological healing process and a better fixation strength. It could be used as an alternative reinforcement or bridging patch when the fascia lata is not appropriate or available for superior capsule reconstruction (SCR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The dynamic linked position unity (DLPU)-SPME method was proposed. • DLPU-SPME method contains both extraction positions (i.e., headspace and liquid). • DLPU-SPME allowed balanced extraction of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Although the compound profiles in extracts are linked to the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) position (headspace or liquid), a theoretical interpretation of this scenario has not yet been provided. In this study, the dynamic linked position unity (DLPU)-SPME is proposed as a method that allows balanced extraction of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Furthermore, the pH, temperature, and salt were confirmed as the key factors affecting the extraction efficiency of DLPU-SPME. Theoretical calculations indicated that K fs 0 K fs is a key factor directly indicating the SPME extraction position ( K fs 0 K fs > 1, headspace; K fs 0 K fs = 1, any position; K fs 0 K fs < 1, in liquid), while the target analytes determined that V h K hs + V s V e K fh K hs regulates the effect of the extraction position on the extracted amount. The proposed DLPU-SPME method containing both extraction positions (i.e., headspace and liquid) can simultaneously extract volatile and semi-volatile compounds, thus avoiding extraction bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The precursors of vinylpyrazines are determined by isotope tracing technique. • Alkylpyrazines and formaldehyde are precursors of vinylpyrazines by model reaction. • The reactive site of alkylpyrazines was determined by H/D exchange experiment. Vinylpyrazine compounds are widely present in foods, especially in hot-processed foods, as a class of flavor compounds; however, their formation mechanism in food systems is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, 2-vinylpyrazine and 2-vinyl-6-methylpyrazine were identified in the Maillard model reaction of d -glucose and glycine. The Maillard model reaction of glucose–glycine was constructed to explore the effects of reaction parameters on vinylpyrazines and the related products. The Maillard reaction of [U-13C 6 ] glucose and glycine was established, and alkylpyrazines and formaldehyde were determined via isotope tracing technique as the precursors of vinylpyrazines. The formation of vinylpyrazines was verified by building a model reaction between alkylpyrazines and formaldehyde. The H/D exchange experiment confirmed that the active site of alkylpyrazines was on the methyl group, which was the reaction site for the condensation reaction of alkylpyrazines with formaldehyde. Results suggest that vinylpyrazines are formed by the condensation reaction of alkylpyrazines and formaldehyde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The C-4 and C-5 of 2-acetylthiazole were also derived from the carbons of glucose. • The potential of glyoxal in the formation of 2-acetylthiazole for the first time. • The formation pathways of 2-acetylthiazole were elucidated. 2-Acetylthiazole possesses a nutty, cereal-like and popcorn-like aroma and a low odor threshold, and this compound has been identified in some processed foods, while the formation pathway of 2-acetylthiazole has not been clearly elucidated. Here, a model reaction of d -glucose and l -cysteine was constructed to investigate the formation pathway of 2-acetylthiazole. l -Cysteine, d -glucose and the corresponding intermediates, namely, dicarbonyl compounds (DCs), were involved in the formation of 2-acetylthiazole and detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC) and HPLC, respectively. The carbon module labeling (CAMOLA) technique revealed that the C-4 and C-5 of 2-acetylthiazole were derived from the carbons of glucose. The potential of glyoxal, which is degraded by glucose, to form 2-acetylthiazole was revealed for the first time. A novel route to form 2-acetylthiazole by the reaction of glyoxal and methylglyoxal produced by d -glucose with H 2 S and NH 3 produced by l -cysteine was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DSPE-DLLME method improved the sensitivity of HPLC-PDA method. • DSPE–DLLME method improved the extractive efficiency of the target analytes. • The established method was simple, rapid and robust. The dispersion solid-phase microextraction (DSPE) combined with dispersion liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed as a rapid, simple and effective pretreatment method for the determination of flavor enhancers (maltol, ethyl maltol, vanillin, methyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin) of ready-to-eat seafood products (dried squid, baked squid, fried fish, steamed abalone). Under the optimized DSPE–DLLME method, the developed method exhibited low limits of quantitation (0.20–0.50 μg g−1) and excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.995). The recoveries of flavor enhancers in the actual samples were 83.7%–114.9%. Compared with traditional pretreatment methods, the developed DSPE–DLLME method was rapid (17 min) and easy to determine the flavor enhancers by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). In the actual samples, creamy compounds such as vanillin, methyl vanillin and ethyl vanillin were hardly found. However, the flavor compounds produced by thermal reactions such as maltol (except for dried squid 3) and ethyl maltol were present in all samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni-rich cathodes have been considered as promising cathodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) because their high electrochemical capacities and low costs. However, fast capacity fading caused by interfacial instability and bulk structural degradation of Ni-rich cathodes during charge-discharge processes severely hinders their development and application. To address these challenges, we report a one-step dual-modification strategy to in-situ synthesize complex In 2 O 3 &LiInO 2 co-coating layer on the surface of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , which can cooperate collaboratively to stabilize layered structure and deplete lithium impurity. The dual-modified LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 materials not only show distinguished cycling stability at 1 C with a capacity retention of ca. 90%, but also exhibit a discharge capacity of 177.1 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 5 C with a capacity retention of 86.4% after 300 cycles. Further studies confirm structural degradation and intergranular cracks at the particle level can be effectively mitigated by uniformly adherent bi-functional coating layer even after long-term cycling. The results shed light on the feasibility of dual-modified strategy for improving the performance of Ni-rich cathode materials, which can also be applied to other oxide cathode materials. Image 1 • LiInO 2 with similar structure to LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 ensures stable adhesion of dual-modified layer and structural stability of material. • Indium oxide can consume LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 residues on the surface of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2. • Modified LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 shows excellent rate and cycling properties attributing to synergistic effects of dual-modified layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials are regarded as promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high electrochemical capacity and low cost. However, residual Li compounds on the surface and dissolution of metal ions cause severe degradation of the electrochemical performance, thereby hindering their practical applications. Li 4 V 2 Mn(PO 4) 4 is a composite cathode material with three-dimensional Li-ion diffusion channels and a stable structure at high operating voltages (>4.5 V). Herein, we modify the surface of Li[Li 0.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 ]O 2 with Li 4 V 2 Mn(PO 4) 4. The Li 4 V 2 Mn(PO 4) 4 coating layer can not only reduce the content of residual Li compounds on the surface but also restrain the dissolution of transition metals. Theoretical calculations illustrate that Li 4 V 2 Mn(PO 4) 4 reduces the Li-ion diffusion energy barrier and provides efficient diffusion pathways. Li[Li 0.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 ]O 2 @Li 4 V 2 Mn(PO 4) 4 compounds deliver a discharge capacity of 300 mAh g−1 with a high initial coulombic efficiency (84.2%) and an excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 78.1% after 200 cycles at 1C). Hence, the proposed modification strategy of phosphate-based materials could shed light on the structural design of surface-sensitive electrode materials for LIBs. Image 1 • Li 4 V 2 Mn(PO 4) 4 reduces the Li ions diffusion energy barrier to facilitate Li ions transport. • Li 4 V 2 Mn(PO 4) 4 reduces the content of LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 residues on the surface of Li[Li 0.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 ]O 2. • Li 4 V 2 Mn(PO 4) 4 layer prevents the cathode material from HF attack and restrains transition metal dissolution during cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have garnered increasin g attention over the past decade, as they are believed to play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis, relapse and drug resistance. Therapeutic strategies which simultaneously exterminate both bulk tumor cells and the rare CSC subpopulation may produce striking response and result in long-term tumor remission. Accumulating evidence provides insight into the function of autophagy in maintenance, plasticity and survival of CSCs. The role of autophagy in the susceptibility of breast CSCs to chemotherapeutics was investigated in the present work, reduced ‘stemness’ and increased susceptibility to chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin, DOX and docetaxel, DTXL) were observed after chloroquine (CQ)-mediated autophagy inhibition in sorted ALDH hi cells of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. We further proved that nanoparticle-mediated autophagy inhibition promoted the efficacy of chemotherapeutics against ALDH hi MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro . Administration of drug delivery systems significantly prolonged the circulation half-life and augmented enrichment of two different drugs in tumor tissues and ALDH hi cells. More importantly, compared with single treatment, the combined delivery systems NP CQ /NP DOX and NP CQ/DOX (NP CQ /NP DTXL and NP CQ/DTXL ) showed most effective and persistent tumor growth inhibitory effect by eliminating bulk tumor cells as well as CSCs ( p < 0.01) in an MDA-MB-231 orthotopic tumor murine model. Therefore, our research provides new insights into the nanoparticle-facilitated combination of autophagy inhibition and chemotherapy for effective therapy of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide residues are known to cause serious problems to human health. Although the detection of pesticides in fruit and fruit juice has been traditionally attempted using chromatographic techniques, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has recently arisen as a suitable alternative for the detection of organic compounds in biological matrices. All reported methods for the detection of pesticides in fruit and fruit juice, based on SERS enhanced with gold and silver nanoparticles, are covered for the first time. The detection parameters obtained using different experimental conditions are compared throughout the manuscript. The achievements and limitations of this technique for the detection of pesticides in fruit and fruit juice are discussed. A variety of sample preparation steps, scaffolds for the deposition of nanoparticles, nanoparticles with different shapes and decorations, and metal combinations were screened across the reports. The decoration of the nanoparticles with organic structures, such as mercaptooctanone and polyvinyl alcohol, and combinations with WO 3 , WS 2 and MoS 2 provided high sensitivity and stability. The developed methods were used for the detection and quantification of numerous pesticides in different matrices and showed similar limits of detection in comparison with traditional chromatographic methods. Interestingly, SERS allowed the detection of cations and organometallic structures that are difficult to detect with other techniques. In contrast with traditional methods, methods based on Raman spectroscopy allow the detection of only one or a few pesticides simultaneously, and the simultaneous quantification of several pesticides requires the introduction of a preliminary separation step. • Au and Ag NPs-based SERS has been used to analyze pesticides in fruit and fruit juice. • SERS-based methods could compete in sensitivity with chromatographic methods. • Decoration of nanoparticles and some metal combinations provided high sensitivity. • SERS-based methods could not quantify several pesticides simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the material of xLi 2 MnO 3 ·(1-x) LiMO 2 (0 < x < 1), the Li 2 MnO 3 component is used to stabilize the layered LiMO 2 structure. However, the electrochemical inactive Li 2 MnO 3 makes Li-ion diffusion difficult, leading to a sluggish rate capability. In this work, Li 1.3 Ti 1.7 Al 0.3 (PO 4) 3 (LTA0.3), a NASICON-type Li-ion conductor, is applied to modified Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 to overcome the above shortcoming. Additionally, the Li-ion conductivity of LiTi 2 (PO 4) 3 can be improved effectively by replacing tetravalent cation Ti4+ with trivalent Al3+ at the optimal ratio. At 1C rate, the LR cathode with 3 wt% LTA0.3 delivers 200 mAh g−1 after 170 cycles and maintains 140 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. Moreover, the modified cathode shows an enhanced rate performance of 169.7 mAh g−1 at 5C. Enhanced cycle durability and rate capability are aroused by the 3D skeletal framework of LTA0.3, which is suitable for Li-ion diffusion. The LTA0.3 coating layer displays a robust shell which not only avoids the corrosion of electrode materials but also effectively facilitates Li-ion diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a hazardous bacterium that causes serious disease in shrimps, leading to enormous economic losses and high rates of mortality. The control of V. parahaemolyticus is a difficult task due to its ability to produce biofilms. In this work, the ability of inexpensive quinoline to inhibit V. parahaemolyticus growth and biofilm formation was explored for the first time. Quinoline at 1000 μg/mL inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. This compound reduced swimming motility, inhibited biofilm formation and induced cell lysis. Confocal imaging after calcofluor-white staining confirmed that quinoline caused important alterations in V. parahaemolyticus biofilm, forming unevenly dispersed structures. Consistently, quinoline reduced biofilm carbohydrate content, and reduced the expression levels of several biofilm-related virulence factors, such as aphA , ompW and VP0962. Application of 200 μg/mL quinoline for 20 and 40 min reduced V. parahaemolyticus -caused Chinese white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) mortality. Collectively, quinoline was demonstrated to be a suitable and efficient alternative for the control of V. parahaemolyticus. • Quinoline reduced V. parahaemolyticus growth and swimming motility. • Quinoline produced irregularities in V. parahaemolyticus biofilm. • Quinoline reduced the expression of several V. parahaemolyticus virulence factors. • Quinoline reduced V. parahaemolyticus -caused mortality in Chinese white shrimps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating the clearance of intracellular protein aggregates through elevation of autophagy represents a viable approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In our earlier report, we have demonstrated the enhanced degradation of mutant huntingtin protein aggregates through autophagy process induced by europium hydroxide nanorods [EHNs: Eu III (OH) 3 ], but the underlying molecular mechanism of EHNs mediated autophagy was unclear. The present report reveals that EHNs induced autophagy does not follow the classical AKT-mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways. The inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation using the specific MEK inhibitor U0126 partially abrogates the autophagy as well as the clearance of mutant huntingtin protein aggregates mediated by EHNs suggesting that nanorods stimulate the activation of MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway during autophagy process. In contrast, another mTOR-independent autophagy inducer trehalose has been found to induce autophagy without activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Interestingly, the combined treatment of EHNs and trehalose leads to more degradation of mutant huntingtin protein aggregates than that obtained with single treatment of either nanorods or trehalose. Our results demonstrate the rational that further enhanced clearance of intracellular protein aggregates, needed for diverse neurodegenerative diseases, may be achieved through the combined treatment of two or more autophagy inducers, which stimulate autophagy through different signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Mistletoe ( Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai ) has long been categorized as a traditional herbal medicine in Asia. In addition to its application in cancer therapy, mistletoe has also been used in the treatment of chronic hepatic disorders in China. In the present study, we investigated the antifibrotic effect and mechanisms of action of mistletoe extracts in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and methods An experimental model of hepatic fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection of rats with CCl 4 for 8 weeks. Rats were subsequently treated with a mistletoe alkaloid fraction preparation via oral administration (120 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks) or with distilled water as a control. Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson׳s trichrome staining. The expression of markers relevant to hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in the liver was assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The anti-fibrosis activity and mechanisms of action of mistletoe alkaloid fractions were further investigated in the HSC-T6 HSC line, following treatment with mistletoe alkaloid fractions (12 mg/ml) for 48 h. Results Hepatic fibrosis decreased markedly in CCl 4 -treated animals following treatment with mistletoe alkaloid fractions , compared to controls. The mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), procollagen I and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were significantly downregulated, by about 40%, 40% and 45%, respectively, in liver tissues from rats treated with mistletoe alkaloid fractions . Furthermore, significant downregulation of TGF-β1, TGF-β1 receptor, phosphorylated Smad 2 and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) proteins, by about 45%, 30% and 40%, respectively, was also observed in liver tissues from mistletoe alkaloid fractions -treated rats. In contrast, Smad 7 levels were significantly increased by about 30% in mistletoe alkaloid fractions -treated rats. Treatment of HSC-T6 cells with mistletoe alkaloid fractions significantly induced Smad 7 expression and inhibited the expression of α-SMA, TGFβ1, TGF-β1 receptor, Smad 2 and TIMP-1, in vitro. Conclusion We demonstrate that mistletoe alkaloid fractions decrease extracellular matrix accumulation by inhibiting HSC activation. Mechanistically, this may occur via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad 2 and Smad 7 signal transduction, thereby blocking the synthesis of procollagen I and TIMP-1. These findings suggest that mistletoe alkaloid fractions may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Autophagy is one of the well-known pathways to accelerate the clearance of protein aggregates, which contributes to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Although there are numerous reports that demonstrate the induction of autophagy with small molecules including rapamycin, trehalose and lithium, however, there are few reports mentioning the clearance of aggregate-prone proteins through autophagy induction by nanoparticles. In the present article, we have demonstrated that europium hydroxide [EuIII(OH)3] nanorods can reduce huntingtin protein aggregation (EGFP-tagged huntingtin protein with 74 polyQ repeats), responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. Again, we have found that these nanorods induce authentic autophagy flux in different cell lines (Neuro 2a, PC12 and HeLa cells) through the expression of higher levels of characteristic autophagy marker protein LC3-II and degradation of selective autophagy substrate/cargo receptor p62/SQSTM1. Furthermore, depression of protein aggregation clearance through the autophagy blockade has also been observed by using specific inhibitors (wortmannin and chloroquine), indicating that autophagy is involved in the degradation of huntingtin protein aggregation. Since [EuIII(OH)3] nanorods can enhance the degradation of huntingtin protein aggregation via autophagy induction, we strongly believe that these nanorods would be useful for the development of therapeutic treatment strategies for various neurodegenerative diseases in near future using nanomedicine approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Peptide chaperon TD1 was discovered to facilitate several proteins'' transdermal delivery via topical co-administration. To design a practical, safe system for advanced transdermal peptide, a novel method was carried out. Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was selected as the model biological agent and a fusion protein: TD1-hEGF was designed. Study showed that TD1-hEGF not only had the similar bioactivity with native hEGF, but also possessed considerable higher transdermal ability than hEGF and a co-administration of TD1 and hEGF. These results provided convincing evidence for the advantages of TD1-hEGF in cosmetic and medical applications. Moreover, the fusion pattern between the cargoes and TD1 offered a new approach to facilitate other hydrophilic drugs'' transdermal delivery for therapeutic application. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Osteolysis at the tendon-bone interface can impair pullout strength during tendon-bone healing and lead to surgery failure, but the effects of clinical treatments are not satisfactory. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been used as potent and feasible natural nanocarriers for drug delivery and have been proven to enhance tendon-bone healing strength, indicating that MSC-derived exosomes could be a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, we explored Scleraxis (Scx) dynamically expressed in PDGFRα(+) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) during natural tendon-bone healing. Then, we investigated the role of PDGFRα(+) BMMSCs in tendon-bone healing after Scx overexpression as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our data demonstrated that Scx-overexpressing PDGFRα(+) BMMSCs (BMMSCScx) could efficiently inhibit peritunnel osteolysis and enhance tendon-bone healing strength by preventing osteoclastogenesis in an exosomes-dependent manner. Exosomal RNA-seq revealed that the abundance of a novel miRNA, miR-6924–5p, was highest among miRNAs. miR-6924–5p could directly inhibit osteoclast formation by binding to the 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of OCSTAMP and CXCL12. Inhibition of miR-6924–5p expression reversed the prevention of osteoclastogenic differentiation by BMMSCScx derived exosomes (BMMSCScx-exos). Local injection of BMMSCScx-exos or miR-6924–5p dramatically reduced osteoclast formation and improved tendon-bone healing strength. Furthermore, delivery of miR-6924–5p efficiently inhibited the osteoclastogenesis of human monocytes. In brief, our study demonstrates that BMMSCScx-exos or miR-6924–5p could serve as a potential therapy for the treatment of osteolysis during tendon-bone healing and improve the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]