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Searchable encryption allows data owners to outsource their encrypted data to cloud servers and provide a searchable encryption service without exposing their sensitive information. Existing searchable encryption schemes provide the service for users to query the encrypted data of a single data owner. However, these schemes ignore the problem of query matching efficiency when users query the encrypted data of multiple data owners simultaneously. Specifically, for the same content encrypted by different data owners, users need to generate different query trapdoors in the query phase and match the different query trapdoors and indexes in the matching phase. In this paper, we propose a searchable encryption algorithm based on the key aggregation of multiple data owners. The algorithm first generates keys for multiple data owners using the mutual inversion of elements in a finite field to ensure the consistency of ciphertext processing. Then, it generates index keys to build encrypted indexes and ensure the searchability of the ciphertext. Finally, it generates query trapdoors based on multi-key aggregation to match the encrypted indexes of multiple data owners. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the query efficiency and protects the query indexes and trapdoors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carvacrol is an effective natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent; however, its poor aqueous solubility and high volatility limit its application in food systems. Ovalbumin can encapsulate hydrophobic molecules, thereby improving aqueous solubility and reducing volatility. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of an ovalbumin nanocarrier to improve the application range of carvacrol. Protein structure and scanning electron microscopy showed that carvacrol increased gel hardness and tackiness at pH 5, and OVA gel formed a uniform granular shape that was beneficial for reconstitution. The dominant force in OVA gel changed from electrostatic to hydrophobic interaction, indicating that carvacrol could hydrophobically bind to the gel. The ovalbumin-carvacrol (OVA-Car) complex was prepared using an oil-in-water method. The particle size was 132 ± 10 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency was 51.41%. The polydispersity index was 0.355, indicating the general stability of the composite. Fluorescence spectroscopy and differential thermogram studies indicated complex formation. Antibacterial property testing against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella indicated that the OVA-Car complex inhibited bacterial growth at lower concentrations than free carvacrol. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration for Bacillus cereus (0.0968 and 0.3875 mg/mL) and Salmonella (0.1937 and 0.3875 mg/mL), respectively, were 2–4 times higher than those of free carvacrol. The time sterilization curve indicated that pathogenic bacterial growth did not reach the control level. The OVA-Car complex has potential application in food systems owing to its storage stability and improved antimicrobial activity. Image 1 • As a nanoparticle carrier, ovalbumin improved the application range of carvacrol. • The ovalbumin-carvacrol (OVA-Car) complex was stable. • OVA-Car complex inhibited bacterial growth more effectively than free carvacrol. • The OVA-Car complex has potential application in food systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabinoids are reported to rescue cocaine-induced seizures (CISs), a severe complication in cocaine users. However, the molecular targets for cannabinoid therapy of CISs remain unclear. Here, we report that the systemic administration of cannabinoids alleviates CISs in a CB 1 /CB 2 -receptor-independent manner. In HEK293 cells and cortical neurons, cocaine-induced dysfunction of the glycine receptor (GlyR) is restored by cannabinoids. Such restoration is blocked by GlyRα1S296A mutation. Consistently, the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on CISs are also eliminated in GlyRα1S296A mutant mice. Based on molecular dynamic simulation, the hydrogen-bonding interaction between cocaine and the GlyR is weakened by cannabinoid docking. Without altering cocaine distribution across the brain, cannabinoids significantly suppress cocaine-exaggerated neuronal excitability in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus by rehabilitating extra-synaptic GlyR function. Microinjection of cannabinoids into the PFC and hippocampus restores cocaine-puzzled neural activity and alleviates CISs. These findings suggest that using GlyR-hypersensitive cannabinoids may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for treating CISs. • Cannabinoids alleviate cocaine-induced seizures (CISs) by glycine receptors (GlyRs) • Cannabinoid docking reduces hydrogen-bonding interaction between cocaine and GlyRs • The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus mediate the effect of cannabinoids on CISs • Cannabinoids suppress neuronal hyperexcitability by potentiating extra-synaptic GlyRs Zou et al. identify the glycine receptor as a potential therapeutic target for cannabinoids in treating cocaine-induced seizures. The function of extra-synaptic glycine receptors in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is impaired by cocaine and rescued by cannabinoids, therefore leading to the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in treating cocaine-induced seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unstable nature against moisture is one of the major issues of metallic halide perovskite solar cell application. Thin-film encapsulation is known as a powerful approach to notably enhance the operational stability of perovskite solar cells in humid environment. However, encapsulation layers with ideal gas barrier performance always require harsh fabrication conditions with high temperature and harmful precursors. For this reason, here we provide a mild encapsulation strategy to maintain the original performance of solar cell devices by utilization of ethylene glycol-induced immediate layer to minimize the damage of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition to perovskite solar cells. The organic-inorganic alternating encapsulation structure has exhibited a water vapor transmittance rate of 1.3 × 10−5 g m−2·day−1, which is the lowest value among the reported thin film encapsulation layers of perovskite solar cells. Our perovskite solar cells have survived at 80% relative humidity and 30 °C for over 2000 h while preserving 96% of its initial performance. Image 1 • Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition was applied to the encapsulation of perovskite solar cells. • Methyl-rich alucone is used to avoid plasma damage to perovskite batteries. • The lowest water vapor transmission rate in the thin film encapsulation of the perovskite solar cells was obtained. • The encapsulated standard MAPbI 3 perovskite solar cells maintained 96% of initial efficiency for over 2000 h. • The encapsulated devices maintained 95% the initial performance after 300 mins under water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The permeability rebound and recovery of coal reservoirs is one of the key factors affecting the efficient recovery of coalbed methane (CBM). Most studies focus on the permeability rebound and recovery of intact coal reservoirs. Conversely, the permeability rebound characteristics of tectonic coal have only been rarely investigated. In this paper, an improved fully coupled mathematical model for methane transport of tectonic coal and intact coal seam was established. Then, the phenomenon of permeability rebound and recovery was analyzed theoretically, and the permeability rebound time, rebound value and recovery time were proposed to compare the difference in permeability evolution. In addition, the permeability rebound characteristics of tectonic and intact coal were evaluated for different geological parameters of coal reservoirs. The results indicate that the rebound time and recovery time of both intact and tectonic coal increase with the increase of initial gas pressure. As the initial permeability increases, the permeability rebound time of intact and tectonic coal show a decreasing trend. The permeability rebound time of intact coal decreases with increasing initial diffusion coefficient, while that of tectonic coal shows the opposite trend. Furthermore, the change in permeability recovery time for tectonic coal is 6.59 times larger than for intact coal, indicating that the effect of permeability rebound phenomenon is more significant during gas extraction in tectonic coal reservoirs. Finally, a conceptual model was proposed to explain the differential mechanism of permeability rebound between tectonic and intact coal, and its implications for CBM recovery in tectonic coal reservoirs was discussed. Therefore, the results presented in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient development of CBM in tectonic coal reservoirs. • Methane transport mathematical models of tectonic and intact coal are developed. • The permeability rebound in tectonic and intact coal is quantitatively analyzed. • The evolutionary mechanism of permeability rebound of tectonic coal is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BPA decays the neuronal contrast sensitivity in the primary visual cortex of cats. • Such decline in contrast detection begins at the cortical, not subcortical level. • Decreased neuronal activity and increased noise are involved in this dysfunction. • The increased inhibitory innervations contributes the underlying synaptic basis. Contrast sensitivity (CS) is one of the primary fundamental factors determining how well we can see, and it directly influences object recognition. Whether bisphenol-A (BPA, an environmental xenoestrogen) can perturb contrast detection in the visual system has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we analyzed CS of single neurons in the primary visual cortex (area 17, A17) of cats before and after BPA exposure using a multiple-channel recording technique. The results showed that CS of A17 neurons was markedly depressed with an increased contrast threshold after two hour of intravenous BPA administration, which had a positive correlation with decreased firing rates of A17 neurons. Additionally, responses of these neurons presented an overt increase in the trial-to-trail response variability (a kind of neuronal noise), which could disturb the information-filtering function of single neurons. We also found that neuronal CS in the visual relay station was not disturbed after BPA administration, which rules out the contribution of CS alteration in the optical pathway. Importantly, acute BPA treatment obviously increased the inhibitory innervation to the visual pyramidal neurons. This implies that alteration of intracortical inhibitory regulation contributes to the compromised contrast detection in the visual system after BPA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical Seebeck coefficient model for disordered organic semiconductors based on hopping transport and percolation theory is proposed here. This model demonstrates the relationships between Seebeck coefficient and temperature, carrier concentration as well as disorder degree of materials. As compared with experimental data, the simulated results show a convincing coincidence with experimental results. Moreover, the effect from doping is addressed. The calculation results show that the Seebeck coefficient will decrease with increasing doping ratio, after passing a minimum value then a sharp increase of Seebeck coefficient appears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment constraints have become more restrictive over time, because the transformation of energy consumption structure (ECS) is the key path to achieve the commitment of net-zero emission. However, the adjustment of ECS involves the influence of many factors, including economic factors, energy factors and social factors. Not to mention how ECS -driving factors under tougher environmental regulation may behave throughout long time period remains explored. According to the background, the periodic driving factors of industrial ECS in China based on the periodic effect of environmental regulation on ECS are discussed. In this paper, industries of China are divided into four sectors from 1998 to 2017, and a multi-layer LMDI decomposition model is constructed to decompose ECS of the four sectors in stages. Since the industrial and commercial sector provides the largest contribution rate, the LMDI model based on PDA production theory method is applied to decompose industrial and commercial ECS , aiming to deeply explore the main driving factors of ECS in subindustries, and formulate scientific energy and environmental policies. The results show that from the perspective of the whole industry, the per capita pollution control investment has the most significant negative contribution, and the economic activity effect provides a great positive contribution to the ECS. In terms of subindustries, the main negative drivers are potential energy intensity and GDP technology change. The comprehensive decomposition framework. [Display omitted] • The drivers of ECS in four sectors are identified. • An integrated decomposition measurement combined LMDI with PDA is constructed. • EP is major inhibiting factor of ECS optimizing in four sectors. • PE and GT are major inhibiting factors of ECS optimizing in subsectors. • Some policy recommendations to optimize energy consumption structure are purposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The results firstly revealed a significant degradation on neuronal fine coding in the aging V1 area but not coarse coding. • The noise and signal correlations increased during aging. • The damaged information coding efficiency might account for the degradation of performance in human. Human visual function degrades with age. Previous studies of visual perception have shown that aged people have worse performance in the coding of orientation information. However, the neuronal mechanism still remains elusive. In this study, we performed in vivo extracellular single-unit recording in the primary visual cortex of senescent and young monkeys, and we used the Chernoff distance to quantify the encoded information of neurons for fine and coarse orientation difference. Our results showed that the Chernoff distance for fine orientation difference in senescent monkeys is significantly smaller than that in young monkeys. In contrast, the Chernoff distance for the coarse coding was comparable in young and old groups. Meanwhile, increased spontaneous response and maximum evoked response was also observed. Further investigation of neuronal correlation showed higher noise and signal correlations in aging monkeys than that in young monkeys. These correlation changes predicted a detrimental effect on the efficiency of population coding of orientation information. Taken together, our results suggest that the information coding efficiency of orientation information is impaired during aging and might account for the degradation of performance in human fine orientation discrimination task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a physical model for dual gate amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) based on multiple trapping and release mechanism. Calculation results of I–V characteristic based on this model are in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on the proposed model, we also analyze the inner physical properties of dual gate a-IGZO TFTs, such as electric potential and carrier concentration. • A physical model for dual gate amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) based on multiple trapping and release mechanism is proposed. • Calculation results of I-V characteristic based on this model are in good agreement with the experimental data. • Based on the proposed model, we also analyze the inner physical properties of dual gate a-IGZO TFTs, such as electric potential and carrier concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Visual function declines with age. This deterioration results not only from changes in the optical system but also from the functional degradation of the central visual cortex. Although numerous studies have explored the mechanisms of age-related influences on vision, they have failed to acknowledge the significance of neuronal correlation in dysfunction of the visual cortex. Previous research has focused on the functional degradation of individual neurons, with age-induced changes in correlation between neurons still unknown. In the present study, using electrophysiological techniques, we investigated the age-related changes in neuronal correlation in the macaque V1 area and the underlying mechanisms of those changes. Our results showed that aging led to an increase in the correlation of neurons and changed the noise-signal correlation structure, which may impact population coding efficiency. Furthermore, we found that the age-induced decline in the inhibitory circuitry accounted for the alteration in neuronal correlation. Highlights • Aging increases neuronal correlation in the primary visual cortex of the rhesus monkey. • Aging also weakens the GABAergic inhibitory system in the primary visual cortex. • The weakened inhibitory system increases noise correlation among excitatory neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel hybrid structure derivatives, containing both LEE011 and Cabozantinib pharmacophore, were designed, synthesized and evaluated. Surprisingly, a compound 4d was discovered that highly exhibited effective and selective activity of CDK9 inhibition with IC 50 = 12 nM. It effectively induced apoptosis in breast and lung cancer cell lines at nanomolar level. Molecular docking of 4d to ATP binding site of CDK9 kinase demonstrated a new hydrogen bonding between F atom of 4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy) group and ASN116 residue, compared with the positive control, LEE011. The compound 4d could block the cell cycle both in G0/G1 and G2/M phase to prevent the proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells. Mice bared-breast cancer treated with compound 4d showed significant suppression of cancer with low toxicity. Taken together, this novel compound 4d could be a promising drug candidate for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]